{ "nodes": [ { "ID": "uw-ph-01", "name": "Euromaidan and the annexation of Crimea", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2013-11-21", "End date": "2014-03-18", "Duration days": 117, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 1 }, "description": "The first phase of the conflict began when President Viktor Yanukovych's government suspended preparations for an association agreement with the European Union and turned towards Moscow, which brought protesters onto Kyiv's Maidan. Over three months the rallies grew into street fighting, and the killings of 18 to 20 February 2014 led to a settlement, Yanukovych's flight and his removal by parliament on 22 February. Russia then moved unmarked troops into Crimea; the peninsula voted on 16 March in a referendum that Ukraine and the UN General Assembly rejected, and Russia signed a treaty absorbing Crimea on 18 March. That treaty closed the phase and opened the armed confrontation in eastern Ukraine.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity\nPicture: Euromaidan collage.jpg, Lystopad, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euromaidan_collage.jpg", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 40.965, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["1f81feb0-16e1-48ee-bb8e-7fbeb6a183d4"] }, { "ID": "uw-ph-02", "name": "War in Donbas and the Minsk agreements", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2014-04-06", "End date": "2021-02-28", "Duration days": 2520, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 2 }, "description": "After Crimea, armed men seized government buildings in Donetsk and Luhansk on 6 April 2014, a Donetsk People's Republic was proclaimed, and Ukraine answered with an anti-terrorist operation. Fighting at Sloviansk, Donetsk airport, Ilovaisk and Debaltseve, the shooting down of Flight MH17 and the first Western sanctions on Russia marked 2014 and early 2015. The Minsk Protocol of September 2014 and the Minsk II package of February 2015 stopped the large battles, but the front line then moved little for years while ceasefires repeatedly broke down and the political terms of Minsk II were never carried out. The period also saw the election of Volodymyr Zelensky in 2019, the Normandy summit in Paris and the dispute over the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, and it ends in February 2021, before Russia's next troop build-up.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 81.704, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-03", "name": "Russian build-up and intelligence warnings", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2021-03-01", "End date": "2022-02-23", "Duration days": 359, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 3 }, "description": "In March 2021 Russia began massing troops near Ukraine's borders, pulled some back in April after Western protests, and renewed the build-up in the autumn while its officials denied any plan to attack. Putin published an essay in July denying Ukraine a separate historical identity, Russia handed the United States and NATO two draft treaties in December demanding an end to NATO enlargement, and the talks of January 2022 in Geneva, Brussels and Vienna produced no agreement. Fighting in Donbas surged from 17 February 2022, and on 21 February Russia recognised the two self-proclaimed republics there. The phase ends on 23 February 2022, the day before the full-scale invasion.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-military-buildup-satellite-images/31214867.html", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 133.393, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-eu-deal-suspended", "name": "Ukraine suspends preparations for the EU association agreement", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2013-11-21", "Policy kind": "Accession decision", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "For years Kyiv had negotiated an association and free-trade agreement with the European Union, due to be signed at a summit in Vilnius at the end of November 2013, and the EU had made the release of jailed former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko a condition. On 21 November 2013 parliament failed to pass the bills that would have freed her, and the government suspended preparations for the agreement, proposing a three-way trade commission with the EU and Russia and a renewed dialogue with Moscow. The opposition accused President Viktor Yanukovych of blocking the deal; Vladimir Putin said Russia was not against Ukraine's sovereign choice but repeated his threat of protective measures. The decision brought the first protesters onto Kyiv's Maidan that evening and began the Euromaidan protests.\n\nhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/11/ukraine-drops-eu-plans-looks-russia-20131121145417227621.html\nhttps://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/euromaidan/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-nov-21-23-coverage-332423.html", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 30.5, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-maidan-cleared", "name": "Riot police disperse protesters on the Maidan", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2013-11-30", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "In the first week of the protests the crowds on Kyiv's Maidan were a few thousand strong. In the early morning of 30 November 2013 government forces violently dispersed the demonstrators, and images of the police violence spread quickly. Al Jazeera's timeline records that public sympathy for the pro-European protesters grew sharply afterwards. On 1 December around 300,000 people rallied in Kyiv and activists took over the city hall; Wikipedia, citing the Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov, gives 400,000 to 800,000 for the weekends of 1 and 8 December. The dispersal turned a modest rally into a nationwide movement against the government and fixed the square as the centre of the protests.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromaidan", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 42.591, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-anti-protest-laws", "name": "Parliament passes anti-protest laws", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-01-16", "Policy kind": "Law", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 33 }, "description": "By January 2014 the Maidan had been occupied for almost two months and the government had not yielded. On 16 January parliament, dominated by President Yanukovych's supporters, passed a set of laws restricting protest that critics called harsh. Protests increased again and turned violent: two protesters were shot dead on 22 January, according to Al Jazeera's timeline, and clashes continued on Hrushevsky Street. The government gave way under pressure: Prime Minister Mykola Azarov resigned on 28 January and parliament repealed the laws the same day, but by then the confrontation had hardened.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromaidan", "size": [5.09, 3.18], "position": { "x": 35.511, "y": -72.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-maidan-killings", "name": "Killings on the Maidan", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2014-02-20", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Weeks of stalemate ended on 18 February 2014, when fighting broke out near parliament after it stalled on constitutional reform. Security forces stormed the protest camp and on 20 February, the deadliest day, protesters were shot dead on Instytutska Street in central Kyiv. Counts differ by source: Al Jazeera's timeline reports at least 88 dead over two days, while Wikipedia, citing the UN human rights office (OHCHR), gives 108 protesters and 13 police dead across January and February and 48 protesters shot dead on Instytutska Street by midday on 20 February. The bloodshed pushed Yanukovych's allies to the negotiating table and led to the settlement of 21 February, and it later became a subject of criminal investigations in Ukraine.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 39.032, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ag-feb-21-settlement", "name": "Agreement on settlement of the political crisis", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-02-21", "Agreement kind": "Peace framework", "Status": "Collapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "With dozens dead in central Kyiv, President Yanukovych and opposition leaders agreed on 21 February 2014 a deal on a new unity government, constitutional reform and early presidential elections. Police left the centre of the capital. The agreement did not hold: Yanukovych slipped out of Kyiv that same evening, and the next day parliament removed him from office and set the presidential election for 25 May. The text became a reference point in the later dispute over whether his ouster was constitutional, which Russian officials cited and Ukrainian and Western governments rejected.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html", "size": [5.38, 3.36], "position": { "x": 39.581, "y": -62.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-yanukovych-flees", "name": "Yanukovych flees Kyiv", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-02-22", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "After the killings on the Maidan and the settlement signed on 21 February 2014, President Viktor Yanukovych left Kyiv secretly that evening. On 22 February parliament voted to remove him from office, according to Wikipedia by 328 votes to none, freed Yulia Tymoshenko, and scheduled a presidential election for 25 May; on 23 February it handed presidential powers to the speaker, Oleksandr Turchynov. Yanukovych called the vote illegal and said he would not resign, and RFE/RL noted a legal gap because he had never signed the measure restoring the 2004 constitution. By 27 February he had been granted refuge in Russia. His flight created a power vacuum that Russia used to move into Crimea within days, and Russian officials later described the events as an unconstitutional coup, which Ukraine and Western governments rejected.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 53.198, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-crimean-parliament-seized", "name": "Armed men seize the Crimean parliament", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2014-02-27", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "With Ukraine's government in flux, unmarked armed men in uniforms without insignia seized the Crimean parliament and the Council of Ministers building in Simferopol on 27 February 2014, and then took Simferopol airport and a Sevastopol airfield on 28 February. Wikipedia describes them as Russian special forces, and records that Igor Girkin's militia occupied the parliament; Russia at the time did not acknowledge the troops. The parliament, under armed guard, then installed a new Crimean leadership and called a referendum. The seizure marks the start of the Russian takeover of the peninsula, which Putin's request to the Federation Council on 1 March gave a legal cover inside Russia.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Girkin", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 43.829, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-federation-council-2014", "name": "Russia's upper house approves the use of force in Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-03-01", "Policy kind": "Decree", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "As unmarked troops tightened their grip on Crimea, President Putin asked Russia's Federation Council, the upper house of parliament, for permission to use military force in Ukraine. On 1 March 2014 the chamber approved the request. Russia presented the step as protection of Russian citizens and compatriots, and on 4 March Putin said Moscow reserved the right to protect its citizens in eastern Ukraine, according to Al Jazeera's timeline. The authorisation gave the Crimean operation a legal basis at home and was seen in Kyiv and the West as a threat of wider intervention. Putin asked the chamber to rescind it on 24 June 2014.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 45.21, "y": -75.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-osce-mission", "name": "OSCE deploys a Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-03-21", "Policy kind": "Protection measure", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 33 }, "description": "After Russia's takeover of Crimea and the first unrest in the east, the 57 participating states of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Russia among them, agreed to send civilian observers to Ukraine. On 21 March 2014 the OSCE Permanent Council adopted Decision 1117 creating the Special Monitoring Mission; the first 100 observers deployed that day. Its mandate was to monitor the security situation and later the ceasefire, establish facts on incidents and report restrictions on its own movement. On 12 March 2015 the mandated maximum was raised to 1,000 monitors. The mission's daily reports became the main public record of ceasefire violations until its mandate lapsed on 31 March 2022 for lack of consensus.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine\nPicture: OSCE SMM monitoring the movement of heavy weaponry in eastern Ukraine (16730531022).jpg, OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_(16730531022).jpg", "size": [5.09, 3.18], "position": { "x": 52.114, "y": -60.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["ade13c55-fb9f-4141-943d-a7ee996034c4"] }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-crimea-referendum", "name": "Crimea votes in a referendum under Russian occupation", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-03-16", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "With Russian troops already controlling the peninsula, Crimea's parliament brought forward a referendum on 16 March 2014. Voters were offered two choices: reunification with Russia as a federal subject, or restoring the 1992 Crimean constitution; neither kept the status quo. The authorities reported a result of well over 95 percent for joining Russia on a turnout of around 83 percent, although the figures cited differ between sources. The OSCE sent no observers, its chair called the vote unconstitutional, and the Venice Commission found it illegal under Ukrainian and Crimean law. The United States and the European Union imposed their first sanctions the next day, Russia vetoed a UN Security Council resolution against the vote on 15 March, and on 18 March Putin signed the treaty of accession.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nPicture: 2014 Crimea Referendum Voting.png, Yuri Deyneka, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014_Crimea_Referendum_Voting.png", "size": 5.38, "position": { "x": 69.367, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "images": ["7f6ef4e1-d382-4a71-8252-1d28faef0cd6"] }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-first-sanctions-2014", "name": "US, EU and Canada impose first sanctions over Crimea", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2014-03-17", "Policy kind": "Asset freeze", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The day after the Crimean referendum, which Western governments called illegal, the United States, the European Union and Canada announced their first targeted sanctions on Russia. On 17 March 2014 they imposed asset freezes and visa bans on people involved in the secession of Crimea, and on 20 March they expanded the lists. These were limited, individual measures meant to signal that the annexation would have a cost without cutting Russia off from Western markets. They were widened step by step in the following months, first to sectors of the economy after the downing of Flight MH17, and set the pattern for the far larger sanctions of 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/fabius-russia-sanctions-crimea-ukraine/25292724.html", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 50.716, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-crimea-annexation", "name": "Russia annexes Crimea", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-03-18", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "After the referendum of 16 March 2014, Crimea's authorities declared independence and asked to join Russia. On 18 March Putin addressed both chambers of parliament in the Kremlin, called the vote a legitimate expression of the peninsula's will, and signed a treaty of accession with the Russian-installed Crimean leaders; Russia then incorporated the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine, the United States, the European Union and most governments rejected the annexation, and on 27 March the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 68/262 by 100 votes to 11, with 58 abstentions, declaring the referendum invalid. Acting president Turchynov ordered Ukrainian troops out of Crimea on 25 March. The annexation ended the post-Cold War understanding on Europe's borders, brought the first Western sanctions on Russia and was followed within weeks by unrest in Donbas.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum", "size": 6, "position": { "x": 61.573, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-unga-crimea-vote", "name": "UN General Assembly declares the Crimea referendum invalid", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-03-27", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "Russia had vetoed a Security Council resolution against the Crimean referendum on 15 March 2014, so Ukraine took the question to the General Assembly, where no veto exists. On 27 March the Assembly adopted Resolution 68/262, which affirmed Ukraine's territorial integrity and declared the referendum invalid; the vote was 100 in favour, 11 against and 58 abstentions. The resolution carried no enforcement power, but it gave the Western sanctions a common legal reference and showed that a large part of the world would not recognise the annexation, while many states abstained. The UN vote is still cited in debates on how states should respond to Russia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 61.178, "y": -75.31, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-donbas-buildings-seized", "name": "Armed activists seize buildings in Donetsk and Luhansk", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2014-04-06", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Within three weeks of the Crimean annexation, unrest spread to Ukraine's industrial east. On 6 April 2014 pro-Russian activists seized government buildings in Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv and called for independence referendums, according to Al Jazeera's timeline. In Donetsk the regional administration building was occupied and a Donetsk People's Republic was proclaimed on 7 April; a Luhansk People's Republic followed later in April. Kyiv and Western governments said the groups were directed or armed from Russia, which denied sending troops to eastern Ukraine, and the Ukrainian government offered the eastern regions wider powers on 11 April. The seizures began the war in Donbas and are the start of the second phase of the conflict.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-origins-of-the-2014-war-in-donbas/", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 63.187, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-sloviansk-seized", "name": "Girkin's armed group seizes Sloviansk", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2014-04-12", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "On 12 April 2014 about fifty heavily armed men led by Igor Girkin, known as Strelkov, seized the police station and the Security Service building in Sloviansk and then the city administration, and similar attacks hit Kramatorsk and Donetsk, as Kyiv Post reported that day. Sloviansk's mayor told the gunmen she supported them. Ukraine's interim authorities treated the seizures as an armed attack and the next day announced an anti-terrorist operation; Russia denied sending its own forces. Girkin later said in a November 2014 interview that he had pulled the trigger of the war. The group's hold on Sloviansk made the town the first battlefield of the Donbas war.\n\nhttps://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/armed-pro-russian-extremists-seize-police-stations-in-donetsks-slavyansk-shaktarysk-fail-to-take-donetsk-prosecutors-office-343195.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Girkin", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 73.859, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-donbas-referendums", "name": "Separatists hold referendums in Donetsk and Luhansk", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-05-11", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "The armed groups that held government buildings in Donetsk and Luhansk pressed ahead with independence referendums on 11 May 2014. Putin had asked four days earlier for the votes to be postponed, according to Al Jazeera's timeline, but the organisers went ahead while fighting continued around Sloviansk. On 12 May the separatists claimed victory, and the European Union expanded its sanctions list the same day. The votes were held in areas the groups controlled, without recognised electoral oversight, and Russia did not recognise the self-declared republics until 21 February 2022. They did, however, give the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics a claim to legitimacy.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 83.89, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-mh17", "name": "Downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2014-07-17", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "On 17 July 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17, travelling from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, was shot down over eastern Ukraine, killing all 298 people on board. Ukraine's army and Russian-backed separatists were fighting in the area. US President Obama said the next day that initial evidence pointed to a Buk missile fired from rebel-held territory. The Dutch Safety Board concluded in October 2015 that a Russian-made Buk warhead had brought the plane down, and a joint investigation team traced the launcher to a Russian military unit; Russia has denied any involvement. On 17 November 2022 a Dutch court convicted Igor Girkin and two others in absentia of murder. The disaster hardened European attitudes towards Moscow and led to the first sectoral sanctions in July 2014.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/dutch-board-russian-missile-downed-mh17-151013112210934.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Girkin", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 64.2, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-sectoral-sanctions-2014", "name": "EU and US widen sanctions on Russia after MH17", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2014-07-29", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Sanctions until mid-2014 had targeted individuals. The downing of Flight MH17 on 17 July changed the calculation in European capitals. The United States had already barred transactions with the energy firms Rosneft and Novatek and the banks Gazprombank and Vnesheconombank on 16 July; on 29 July EU governments agreed a wider package, formally adopted on 31 July, with an arms embargo, limits on exports of dual-use goods for military use and of oil-industry equipment, and restrictions on certain bonds and shares. Russia answered within days with a ban on food imports, and the measures remained in place and were extended repeatedly until 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 65.356, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ag-minsk-protocol", "name": "Minsk Protocol", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-09-05", "Agreement kind": "Ceasefire", "Status": "Collapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "By late August 2014 Ukrainian forces had lost the fight at Ilovaisk and were under pressure around Donetsk, and Western governments were warning Russia against escalation. On 5 September, after talks in Minsk, representatives of Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE signed the Minsk Protocol together with envoys of the Donetsk and Luhansk groups; President Poroshenko ordered a ceasefire. The text called for a ceasefire, withdrawal of heavy weapons, OSCE monitoring and prisoner exchanges, and a buffer zone was agreed on 20 September. The OSCE chair welcomed the agreement and said the monitoring mission would be expanded. The truce broke down within days: the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport began on 28 September, and the protocol was replaced by Minsk II in February 2015.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements\nhttps://www.osce.org/cio/123245\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [5.38, 3.36], "position": { "x": 68.755, "y": -76.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-minsk-ii", "name": "Minsk II agreement", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2015-02-12", "Agreement kind": "Peace framework", "Status": "Collapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The Minsk Protocol had failed to hold, and in January 2015 the Russian-backed groups attacked Debaltseve and the Donetsk airport. On 11 and 12 February 2015 Hollande, Merkel, Putin and Poroshenko negotiated overnight in Minsk in the Normandy format, and on 12 February the Trilateral Contact Group, with representatives of the Donetsk and Luhansk groups, signed a package of 13 measures. It provided for a ceasefire from 15 February, withdrawal of heavy weapons under OSCE monitoring, an amnesty, local elections and a special status for the occupied areas, constitutional reform in Ukraine by the end of 2015 and the return of Ukraine's control of its border once other steps were done. Fighting at Debaltseve continued for several days after the ceasefire date, Ukraine's defence minister counted more than 4,000 violations by 8 June 2015, and the political steps were never carried out. Putin declared the Minsk agreements invalid on 22 February 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_Format\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russian-troops-fighting-poltorak/27059578.html", "size": [6.24, 3.9], "position": { "x": 73.174, "y": -60.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-zelensky-elected", "name": "Zelensky wins Ukraine's presidential runoff", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2019-04-21", "Event kind": "Election", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Volodymyr Zelensky, a television actor with no previous political office, ran on an anti-corruption platform against the incumbent Petro Poroshenko. After the first round on 31 March 2019 the runoff on 21 April gave Zelensky about 73.2 percent of all votes (74.96 percent of valid votes) to Poroshenko's 25.04 percent of valid votes, on a turnout of 61.4 percent, according to Wikipedia; the OSCE assessed the elections as free and fair. He took office in May 2019 and promised to end the war in Donbas; his first diplomatic test was the Normandy summit in Paris in December 2019, his only in-person meeting with Putin before the full-scale invasion.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_Format", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 94.062, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ag-steinmeier-formula", "name": "Steinmeier formula", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2019-10-01", "Agreement kind": "Peace framework", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 18 }, "description": "Minsk II promised elections in the occupied parts of Donbas and a special status for them, but the order of steps was disputed for years: Kyiv wanted Ukrainian control of the border first, Moscow wanted elections first. German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier proposed a compromise in 2016, under which the special status would take effect provisionally on election day and permanently only if the OSCE judged the vote free and fair. All sides agreed to the formula and an agreement committing to it was signed on 1 October 2019 in the Trilateral Contact Group. In Ukraine the step was criticised as a concession and brought protests; it was never implemented, and the Minsk process stayed stuck.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements", "size": [4.35, 2.72], "position": { "x": 101.978, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-paris-normandy-summit", "name": "Normandy summit in Paris", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2019-12-09", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Talks in the Normandy format of France, Germany, Russia and Ukraine had stalled after the Berlin meeting of 19 October 2016, and resumed in the autumn of 2019 once the Steinmeier formula had been agreed and Volodymyr Zelensky had taken office. On 9 December 2019 Zelensky, Putin, Macron and Merkel met in Paris. It was the sixth meeting in the format and the only in-person meeting between Putin and Zelensky before the 2022 invasion. The leaders reaffirmed the Minsk agreements, but disagreed on the sequence of the political and security steps, and the following years brought no breakthrough.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_Format\nPicture: Zelensky, Merkel, Macron, Putin, (2019-12-10) 03.jpg, Press Service of the President of the Russian Federation (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zelensky,_Merkel,_Macron,_Putin,_(2019-12-10)_03.jpg", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 109.345, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "images": ["71699ea3-409b-4a9b-b47a-bfb14461921c"] }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ag-july-2020-ceasefire", "name": "July 2020 ceasefire measures", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2020-07-27", "Agreement kind": "Ceasefire", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 23 }, "description": "Shelling along the contact line had continued through the first half of 2020, despite earlier truces. On 27 July 2020 Ukraine, Russia and the representatives of the Donetsk and Luhansk groups agreed in the Trilateral Contact Group a package of measures to strengthen the ceasefire, described as more than the twentieth ceasefire attempt since 2014. The OSCE reported more than 100 violations within two days without assigning blame, but violations were reported to have roughly halved compared with 2019. The calm did not last: the OSCE monitors recorded tens of thousands of explosions in 2021.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements", "size": [4.62, 2.89], "position": { "x": 103.617, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-spring-buildup-2021", "name": "Russia masses troops near Ukraine in spring 2021", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2021-03-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "In the spring of 2021, with the Donbas truce fraying, Russia began moving troops towards Ukraine's borders and Crimea: its defence ministry announced the deployment of 3,000 paratroopers for exercises in February, and on 30 March Ukraine's commander-in-chief reported 28 Russian battalion tactical groups near the border, expected to rise to 53. President Zelensky accused Moscow of building up forces, calling Russian drills and possible provocations traditional Russian games, and the US State Department said it was absolutely concerned. The Kremlin's spokesman said Russia moves its forces within its territory at its discretion and that this posed no threat to anyone. Satellite photos published on 20 April by Maxar showed equipment gathering in Crimea and along the border, and US officials said troop numbers had doubled in a month. The build-up opened the third phase of the conflict.\n\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210401-ukraine-says-russia-massing-troops-on-border-us-warns-moscow\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-military-buildup-satellite-images/31214867.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 5.51, "position": { "x": 112.221, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-putin-unity-essay", "name": "Putin's essay on the unity of Russians and Ukrainians", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2021-07-12", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "On 12 July 2021, a few months after the first Russian troop build-up, Vladimir Putin published an essay on the Kremlin website titled On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians. He argued that Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians are one people, described modern Ukraine as an anti-Russia project created by outside forces and Soviet administrative decisions, and questioned the legitimacy of Ukraine's borders. In Ukraine, President Zelensky compared Putin's idea of brotherhood to the story of Cain and Abel; the Carnegie Endowment called the essay a historical, political and security predicate for invading Ukraine. In his address of 21 February 2022 Putin repeated its themes, saying modern Ukraine was wholly created by Bolshevik, communist Russia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 118.817, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-autumn-buildup-2021", "name": "Russia renews its troop build-up near Ukraine in autumn 2021", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2021-11-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After the spring drawdown, Russian forces and equipment returned to Ukraine's borders in the autumn of 2021, while Moscow's officials repeatedly denied any plan to attack. Ukrainian military intelligence estimated about 90,000 Russian troops near Ukraine on 2 November; on 13 November Zelensky said Russia had massed around 100,000, a figure higher than an American assessment of about 70,000, and on 3 December Ukraine's defence minister put it at 94,300. On 26 November Zelensky said Ukraine was prepared for an attack and alleged a coup plot involving Russian citizens, which the Kremlin rejected. Western governments began to warn publicly, and the build-up led to the video call between Biden and Putin on 7 December and to the Russian draft treaties.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211126-zelensky-warns-ukraine-entirely-prepared-if-russia-attacks", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 127.727, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-biden-putin-video-call", "name": "Biden and Putin hold a video call on Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2021-12-07", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "As Russian forces massed near Ukraine and Western governments warned of an attack, Joe Biden and Vladimir Putin spoke by videoconference on 7 December 2021. According to Wikipedia, Putin demanded reliable, legal guarantees that would bar NATO's expansion towards Russia. Washington said it was ready to discuss security concerns but not to give such a guarantee, and warned of severe economic consequences for an invasion. The call opened the diplomatic track that led to the Russian draft treaties of mid-December and to the talks in Geneva, Brussels and Vienna in January 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 128.561, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-russian-draft-treaties", "name": "Russia's draft security treaties for the US and NATO", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2021-12-17", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "In mid-December 2021 Russia put two draft treaties on security guarantees to the United States and NATO. They demanded a legally binding end to NATO's eastward expansion, including a pledge that Ukraine would never join, no deployments in former Soviet states that are not NATO members, and no military activity in Ukraine. Wikipedia dates the formal handover to 15 December, while the Russian foreign ministry published the texts on 17 December; the registry date follows the publication. The NATO secretary general said the Russian proposals included ending enlargement and pulling forces back from eastern allies. NATO and the US rejected the central demands and the US warned of swift and severe sanctions, but agreed to talks, which opened in Geneva on 10 January 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_190666.htm\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-biden-putin-sanctions/31671771.html", "size": 5.38, "position": { "x": 139.177, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-nato-russia-council", "name": "NATO-Russia Council meets in Brussels", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-01-12", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "The NATO-Russia Council, which had not met for more than two years, convened in Brussels on 12 January 2022 with all 30 allies and Russia, chaired by Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. Russia presented its December proposals, including an end to NATO enlargement and the withdrawal of forces from eastern allies. Allies reaffirmed their open-door policy, voiced serious concern about Russia's military build-up around Ukraine and proposed further talks on exercise transparency, risk reduction and arms control. Russia did not agree to a schedule. Stoltenberg said the discussion was not easy but important, and described NATO's approach as firmness combined with dialogue; Moscow called the talks unsuccessful.\n\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_190643.htm\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_190666.htm", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 125.17, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-us-nato-replies", "name": "US and NATO deliver written replies to Russia's demands", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-01-26", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "After the January talks Russia asked for written answers, and on 26 January 2022 the United States and NATO delivered their replies. The US response rejected the demand that NATO halt its eastward expansion but offered what Secretary of State Antony Blinken called a serious diplomatic path forward should Russia choose it, describing the reply as principled and pragmatic. NATO Secretary General Stoltenberg urged Russia to de-escalate immediately while saying allies were prepared for the worst. Putin said on 1 February that the American reply failed to address his three key demands, and the diplomatic track ended in the following weeks without agreement.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-biden-putin-sanctions/31671771.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 132.148, "y": -77.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-union-resolve", "name": "Russia and Belarus hold the Union Resolve exercise", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-02-10", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "From 10 to 20 February 2022 Russia and Belarus held a joint military exercise near Ukraine's northern border, known as Union Resolve or Allied Resolve. Western governments saw it as part of the prelude to the invasion, as satellite imagery showed Russian forces deploying to Belarus before the drills. On 14 February Russia's defence minister said units were returning to barracks; President Biden said the US could not verify this and NATO's Stoltenberg said on 16 February that the build-up continued. On 20 February Belarus announced that the exercise would be extended, and Russian forces were still in Belarus when the invasion began four days later.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 137.775, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-donbas-shelling-surge", "name": "Shelling in Donbas surges", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-02-17", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "For weeks before 17 February 2022 the Donbas contact line had been relatively quiet, with Ukraine recording two to five attacks a day. On 17 February fighting escalated sharply: Ukraine recorded 60 attacks that day, according to Wikipedia, and its military command accused Russian-backed forces of shelling the village of Stanytsia Luhanska with special cynicism, hitting a kindergarten, while the separatists said government forces had fired on their territory. President Zelensky called it a big provocation and UK Foreign Secretary Liz Truss said the reports looked like a deliberate attempt to create a pretext for invasion; the Kremlin spokesman called the allegations disturbing. The OSCE monitors recorded 1,420 explosions on 22 February. The surge preceded the evacuation orders and the recognition of the two republics.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/17/ukraine-and-rebel-region-trade-shelling-allegations\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 147.391, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-ev-donbas-evacuation", "name": "Donetsk and Luhansk leaders order evacuations to Russia", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-02-18", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "On 18 February 2022, with shelling rising, the leaders of the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics ordered emergency evacuations of civilians, with Russian officials saying people would be taken to Russia. A BBC analysis cited by Wikipedia found that the video of the evacuation announcement had been filmed two days before it was released, and Ukraine and Western governments described the move as part of a staged pretext. Russia's state media presented it as a response to an imminent Ukrainian attack, which Kyiv denied. The evacuation was followed three days later by Putin's recognition of the republics.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 144.474, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-recognition-dpr-lpr", "name": "Russia recognises the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-02-21", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "On 15 February 2022 Russia's State Duma had asked Putin to recognise the two self-proclaimed republics. On 21 February Putin held a televised meeting of his Security Council, after the republics' leaders had appealed on state television for recognition, and said a decision would be made that day. In a video address that evening he questioned Ukraine's statehood, said Minsk II was dead, and signed decrees recognising the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics; treaties of friendship and mutual assistance were signed and he ordered Russian troops into the two areas as peacekeepers. The Kremlin said Macron and Scholz expressed disappointment. The step broke the Minsk II framework, and the Kremlin spokesman had said earlier that recognition would break it. The United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom announced sanctions the next day, and Germany suspended the Nord Stream 2 certification.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/news/2022/02/21/putin-says-a-decision-will-be-made-today-on-recognizing-donetsk-and-luhansk-people-s-republics\nhttps://meduza.io/en/news/2022/02/21/russia-to-recognize-independence-of-donetsk-and-luhansk-people-s-republics\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine", "size": 5.76, "position": { "x": 151.261, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-nord-stream-2-halted", "name": "Germany halts Nord Stream 2 certification", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-02-22", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The Nord Stream 2 pipeline had been completed in September 2021 but needed German regulatory certification before it could carry gas. On 22 February 2022, the day after Russia recognised the Donetsk and Luhansk republics, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced he was suspending the certification process, citing that decision. The pipeline never began delivering gas; its operator, Nord Stream 2 AG, ended operations and laid off its 106 staff on 1 and 2 March 2022. Scholz had long defended the project as commercial, and his move marked a break with Germany's policy of closer energy ties with Russia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_2", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 153.423, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-pd-federation-council-2022", "name": "Russia's upper house authorises the use of force abroad", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-02-22", "Policy kind": "Decree", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "One day after recognising the Donetsk and Luhansk republics, Putin asked the Federation Council to authorise the use of the armed forces outside Russia. On 22 February 2022 the chamber voted unanimously for it, and Putin declared the Minsk agreements invalid. The authorisation covered the territories of the two republics and provided the legal step for what began two days later as the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine and its allies called the decision the preparation of aggression.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 164.923, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-op-crimea-takeover", "name": "Russian takeover of Crimea", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2014-02-27", "End date": "2014-03-26", "Duration days": 27, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Incursion", "Outcome": "Russian territorial gain", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "Within days of Yanukovych's flight, Putin held an all-night meeting with security chiefs on 22 and 23 February 2014 at which, Wikipedia records, he said they must start working on returning Crimea to Russia. From 26 and 27 February unmarked Russian soldiers occupied the peninsula's parliament and government buildings, blockaded Ukrainian bases and took airports and military sites, supported by units of the Black Sea Fleet, naval infantry, airborne troops and special forces. About 9,000 Ukrainian servicemen later defected and two were killed; the operation ended on 26 March, when the Ukrainian forces had left or surrendered their bases. Russia, which at first denied the troops were its own, acknowledged their presence on 17 April. The takeover cost Ukraine the peninsula without a major battle.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [8, 4], "position": { "x": 53.329, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-op-ato", "name": "Anti-Terrorist Operation in eastern Ukraine", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2014-04-13", "End date": "2018-04-30", "Duration days": 1478, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Defence", "Outcome": "No major change", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "After armed groups seized Sloviansk and other towns in April 2014, Ukraine's acting president Oleksandr Turchynov announced an anti-terrorist operation on 13 April 2014, led by the Security Service with the army in support. It covered the Donetsk and Luhansk regions and became the legal frame for the war in Donbas: the retaking of Sloviansk in July, the battles for Donetsk airport, Ilovaisk and Debaltseve, and the long positional war that followed Minsk II. Ukraine's president Poroshenko changed the zone's legal status on 20 February 2018 so that the military rather than the Security Service took charge, and the zone was renamed the Joint Forces Operation; the operation formally ended on 30 April 2018. Russia denied it was a party to the war and used the term civil conflict.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Forces_Operation_(Ukraine)\nhttps://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/turchynov-anti-terrorist-operation-has-begun-in-northern-donetsk-343563.html\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [7.44, 3.72], "position": { "x": 63.024, "y": -122.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-op-ilovaisk", "name": "Battle of Ilovaisk", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2014-08-07", "End date": "2014-09-02", "Duration days": 26, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Offensive", "Outcome": "Russian territorial gain", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "In August 2014 Ukrainian volunteer battalions and army units advanced into Ilovaisk, a railway town east of Donetsk, from 7 August, taking the city centre on 18 and 19 August. From 24 August Ukrainian soldiers reported seeing Russian regular troops, including units of the 6th Tank Brigade and the 331st Airborne Regiment, and Russian forces encircled the Ukrainian groups between 24 and 26 August; Russia denied involvement. Ukrainian forces left through a corridor on 29 and 30 August and were attacked as they withdrew. Casualty figures differ widely: the Ukrainian military counted 366 dead, BBC Ukraine 420, and the parliament's commission more than 1,000, while the UN human rights office documented at least 36 civilian deaths. The defeat pushed Kyiv to the Minsk Protocol and led to an inquiry and the resignation of defence minister Valeriy Heletey in October.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [7.04, 3.52], "position": { "x": 69.422, "y": -136.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-st-ohchr-civilian-deaths", "name": "Civilian deaths in the Donbas conflict 2014-2021", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2021-12-31", "Indicator": "Civilian deaths", "Value": 3404, "Unit": "people", "Impact score": 28 }, "description": "By the end of 2021 the war in Donbas had run for almost eight years, most of them along a front line that hardly moved. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) counted 3,404 civilians killed in the conflict between April 2014 and the end of 2021, according to Wikipedia's summary of its figures, of whom 365 died between 2016 and 2021; most civilian deaths occurred in the first year of fighting. In the same summary OHCHR put total conflict-related deaths at 14,200 to 14,400 and the number of wounded at 51,000 to 54,000. The figures are a verified minimum and do not include the dead of the 2022 invasion.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas", "size": 3.83, "position": { "x": 125.887, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-st-smm-explosions-feb-22", "name": "OSCE monitors record 1,420 explosions on 22 February 2022", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-02-22", "Indicator": "Ceasefire explosions", "Value": 1420, "Unit": "units per day", "Impact score": 13 }, "description": "The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission was the only international body counting ceasefire violations along the line in Donbas. Its final daily report, covering 22 February 2022, the day after Russia recognised the two republics, recorded 1,420 explosions. The same report put the 2021 total at 36,686 explosions, 26,605 projectiles in flight and more than 54,000 bursts and shots, the large majority of them in areas held by the Russian-backed groups. The figures counted incidents without assigning blame. The mission left after the invasion began and its mandate ended on 31 March 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine", "size": 3.06, "position": { "x": 155.923, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-dq-putin-sovereign-choice", "name": "Putin on Ukraine's sovereign choice", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2013-11-21", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/11/ukraine-drops-eu-plans-looks-russia-20131121145417227621.html" }, "description": "Reacting to Ukraine's decision to suspend its EU association agreement, Russian President Vladimir Putin said on 21 November 2013: “We are not against Ukraine's sovereign choice whatever it may be.” In the same statement, reported by Al Jazeera from agency reports, he repeated his threat of protective measures if Ukraine joined forces with Europe. Moscow had warned in September that an EU trade deal would harm Russia's market.\n\nhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/11/ukraine-drops-eu-plans-looks-russia-20131121145417227621.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 36.14, "y": -66.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-dq-johnson-flagrant-violation", "name": "Johnson on Russia's move into the breakaway regions", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-02-22", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine" }, "description": "When Putin ordered troops into the Donetsk and Luhansk areas after recognising the republics, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson called the move “a flagrant violation of the sovereignty and integrity of the Ukraine”, as quoted by AFP on 22 February 2022. The United Kingdom announced sanctions on five Russian banks and three associates of Putin that day, and the United States and the European Union also announced measures. The remark summed up the Western governments' view that the recognition broke international law and the Minsk agreements.\n\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 159.621, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-euromaidan-rallies-nov-21-23", "name": "EuroMaidan rallies in Ukraine, Nov. 21-23 coverage", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2013-11-25", "Publisher": "Kyiv Post", "Headline": "EuroMaidan rallies in Ukraine – Nov. 21-23 coverage", "URL": "https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/euromaidan/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-nov-21-23-coverage-332423.html", "Article kind": "Live blog", "Language": "English", "Author": "Kyiv Post" }, "description": "Kyiv Post ran a live report on the first days of the protests after the government halted EU integration on 21 November 2013. It tracked growing crowds, about 2,000 people in Kyiv on 22 November and more than 1,500 in Lviv, heavier police deployments, the closure of the Ukrainian House and a journalist's dismissal over her EuroMaidan segment. The report listed the protesters' demands directed at President Yanukovych, solidarity rallies planned abroad and calls for mass turnout on 24 November.\n\nhttps://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/euromaidan/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-nov-21-23-coverage-332423.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 36.14, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional", "name": "Was Yanukovych's ouster constitutional?", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-02-23", "Publisher": "RFE/RL", "Headline": "Was Yanukovych's Ouster Constitutional?", "URL": "https://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html", "Article kind": "Analysis", "Language": "English", "Author": "Daisy Sindelar" }, "description": "RFE/RL's analysis by Daisy Sindelar looked at the legal basis for removing the president. It reported that parliament chose Oleksandr Turchynov, an ally of Yulia Tymoshenko, as interim president on 23 February 2014 with early elections set for 25 May, while Yanukovych, who had left Kyiv, called the vote illegal and said he would not resign. The article pointed to a legal gap: Yanukovych never signed the measure restoring the 2004 constitution, and the hasty vote of 22 February might not meet constitutional requirements. It cited Polish foreign minister Radoslaw Sikorski saying there was no coup in Kyiv.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 61.438, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-france-russia-sanctions-this-week", "name": "France says Russia sanctions could come this week", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2014-03-11", "Publisher": "RFE/RL", "Headline": "France Says Russia Sanctions Could Be Imposed This Week", "URL": "https://www.rferl.org/a/fabius-russia-sanctions-crimea-ukraine/25292724.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "RFE/RL, drawing on Reuters and AFP, reported on 11 March 2014 that French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said EU sanctions could be imposed on Russia as early as that week unless Moscow responded positively to Western proposals to calm the Ukraine crisis. A positive Russian response would lead to a visit by US Secretary of State John Kerry to Moscow and no immediate sanctions; a negative one could bring travel restrictions and asset sanctions on individual Russians. Fabius called the Crimea referendum of 16 March illegitimate and said annexation would be illegal.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/fabius-russia-sanctions-crimea-ukraine/25292724.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 77.347, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-pro-russian-gunmen-seize-donetsk-police", "name": "Pro-Russian gunmen seize Donetsk Oblast police headquarters", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2014-04-12", "Publisher": "Kyiv Post", "Headline": "Armed pro-Russian extremists launch coordinated attacks in Donetsk Oblast, seize regional police headquarters, set up checkpoints (UPDATE)", "URL": "https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/armed-pro-russian-extremists-seize-police-stations-in-donetsks-slavyansk-shaktarysk-fail-to-take-donetsk-prosecutors-office-343195.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Mark Rachkevych" }, "description": "Kyiv Post's Mark Rachkevych reported on 12 April 2014 on the day of the Sloviansk seizure that masked gunmen had taken the police station and the Security Service building in Sloviansk and then the Interior Ministry office in Donetsk, in operations the paper compared to Russia's takeover of Crimea. The interim Donetsk governor could not be reached, Sloviansk's mayor appeared at the police station and told the militants she supported them, and Interior Minister Arsen Avakov wrote on Facebook that the reaction would be very strong. A deputy interior minister said police were negotiating with the gunmen.\n\nhttps://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/armed-pro-russian-extremists-seize-police-stations-in-donetsks-slavyansk-shaktarysk-fail-to-take-donetsk-prosecutors-office-343195.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 81.269, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "name": "Timeline of Ukraine's political crisis", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2014-09-20", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Timeline: Ukraine's political crisis", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "Article kind": "Explainer", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Al Jazeera's agency-based timeline walked day by day through the Ukrainian crisis from the November 2013 abandonment of the EU trade deal to September 2014. It covered the ouster of President Yanukovych after deadly protests in Kyiv, Russia's takeover of Crimea, the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, the shooting down of Flight MH17 and the peace agreements of September 2014 that were to create a buffer zone and give the east limited self-rule.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 72.05, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-kyiv-says-42500-rebels-russian-soldiers", "name": "Kyiv says 42,500 rebels and Russian soldiers in east", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2015-06-08", "Publisher": "RFE/RL", "Headline": "Kyiv Says 42,500 Rebels, Russian Soldiers Stationed In East Ukraine", "URL": "https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russian-troops-fighting-poltorak/27059578.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "RFE/RL reported on 8 June 2015 that Ukrainian Defence Minister Stepan Poltorak claimed about 42,500 separatists and Russian troops were deployed in eastern Ukraine, with 558 tanks, combat vehicles, artillery systems and other weapons. Speaking at a Ukraine-NATO meeting in Kyiv, he also said more than 100 Ukrainian personnel and 50 civilians had been killed since the February Minsk ceasefire, and that about 24,000 Russian troops were in Crimea. President Poroshenko had earlier put the number of Russian servicemen in Ukraine above 9,000. Moscow denies backing the rebels.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russian-troops-fighting-poltorak/27059578.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 78.894, "y": -60.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-satellite-images-military-buildup", "name": "Satellite images show military buildup in Russia and Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2021-04-21", "Publisher": "RFE/RL", "Headline": "Satellite Images Show Military Buildup In Russia, Ukraine", "URL": "https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-military-buildup-satellite-images/31214867.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "RFE/RL reported on 21 April 2021 that satellite photos released by Maxar Technologies on 20 April, taken between 27 March and 16 April, showed Russian military equipment gathering in Crimea and along the Russia-Ukraine border. Maxar's head said the company released them out of a commitment to transparency. US officials said troop numbers in Crimea and near Ukraine had doubled in a month, Ukraine published its own footage of tank drills, and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba urged the EU to discourage Moscow from further escalation.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-military-buildup-satellite-images/31214867.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 120.331, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-us-rejects-russian-nato-demand", "name": "US rejects Russian NATO demand but offers path out", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-01-26", "Publisher": "RFE/RL", "Headline": "U.S. Rejects Russian Demand On NATO Expansion, But Offers 'Path' Out Of Ukraine Crisis", "URL": "https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-biden-putin-sanctions/31671771.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "RFE/RL reported on 26 January 2022 that the United States had delivered its written reply to Moscow's security demands, rejecting the call to halt NATO's eastward expansion while offering a serious diplomatic path forward should Russia choose it. Secretary of State Antony Blinken called the response principled and pragmatic and said there was no change to core principles including Ukraine's sovereignty. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg urged Russia to de-escalate immediately but said allies were prepared for the worst, and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba accused Moscow of trying to stoke fear inside Ukraine.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-biden-putin-sanctions/31671771.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 139.238, "y": -77.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-na-putin-orders-troops-breakaway-regions", "name": "Putin orders troops into pro-Russian breakaway regions", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-02-22", "Publisher": "France 24", "Headline": "Defying West, Putin orders troops to pro-Russian breakaway regions of east Ukraine", "URL": "https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "AFP" }, "description": "France 24, using AFP and other wire reports, covered on 22 February 2022 the day after Russia's recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk republics. It reported that Putin had recognised the two Moscow-backed regions and ordered troops in as peacekeepers, prompting condemnation and sanction threats from the US and EU. Putin told Kyiv to end its military operations and UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson called the move a flagrant violation of the sovereignty and integrity of Ukraine. The article also quoted a young man from Donetsk living in Kyiv who said he was very shocked.\n\nhttps://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220222-defying-west-putin-sends-troops-to-breakaway-regions-in-eastern-ukraine", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 170.563, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-viktor-yanukovych", "name": "Viktor Yanukovych", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of Ukraine 2010-2014", "Nationality": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2013-11-21", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Viktor Yanukovych was President of Ukraine from 25 February 2010 until parliament removed him on 22 February 2014. His government's decision in November 2013 to suspend the EU association agreement brought the Euromaidan protests, and the killings in Kyiv in February 2014 ended in a settlement he signed on 21 February. He left Kyiv secretly that evening, parliament voted to remove him the next day, and he appeared in Russia, claiming to remain the legitimate president. Wikipedia reports that a Ukrainian court sentenced him in absentia to 13 years for high treason in 2019. His flight created the vacuum in which Russia took Crimea.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html\nPicture: Viktor Yanukovych official portrait.jpg, Administration of the President of Ukraine, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viktor_Yanukovych_official_portrait.jpg", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 30.5, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["6df11dc1-5de8-41c6-bf83-81861a7383ac"], "nodeImage": "6df11dc1-5de8-41c6-bf83-81861a7383ac" }, { "ID": "uw-p-igor-girkin", "name": "Igor Girkin", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Commander of the Sloviansk group; defence minister of the Donetsk People's Republic 2014", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2014-02-27", "Impact score": 36 }, "description": "Igor Girkin, known by the nom de guerre Strelkov, is a Russian former officer born in Moscow in 1970. As security adviser to Crimea's Russian-installed leader he commanded militia that occupied the Crimean parliament on 27 February 2014, and on 12 April 2014 he led about fifty armed men who seized Sloviansk, the first engagement of the Donbas war. He was defence minister of the Donetsk People's Republic from 16 May to 14 August 2014. In a November 2014 interview he said he had pressed the trigger of the war. A Dutch court convicted him in absentia of murder over Flight MH17 on 17 November 2022, and Russia arrested him in July 2023 on extremism charges and sentenced him to four years in January 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Girkin\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk\nPicture: Igor Ivanovich Strelkov Yekaterinburg3.JPG, Dom kobb, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Igor_Ivanovich_Strelkov_Yekaterinburg3.JPG", "size": 2.88, "position": { "x": 37.829, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["50c75dee-f2e2-4616-93fb-799e59df0aff"], "nodeImage": "50c75dee-f2e2-4616-93fb-799e59df0aff" }, { "ID": "uw-c-belarus", "name": "Belarus", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2014-09-05", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Belarus, ruled by Alexander Lukashenko, is Russia's closest ally and a treaty partner in the Union State. In the first years of the war in Donbas it served as the venue for talks: the Minsk Protocol of 5 September 2014 and the Minsk II package of 12 February 2015 were negotiated and signed in Minsk. From 10 to 20 February 2022 it hosted the joint Union Resolve exercise with Russia near Ukraine's northern border, which Western governments saw as part of the prelude to the invasion; Belarus announced on 20 February that the exercise would be extended.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022", "size": [4.24, 4.24], "position": { "x": 68.255, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["7a0953ce-75fa-42ef-9451-477882bcd1dd"], "nodeImage": "7a0953ce-75fa-42ef-9451-477882bcd1dd" }, { "ID": "uw-l-crimea", "name": "Crimea", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Region", "Latitude": 45.3, "Longitude": 34.4, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2014-02-27", "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "Crimea is a peninsula in the northern Black Sea. After President Yanukovych fled Kyiv in February 2014, unmarked Russian troops took control of it between 26 February and 26 March, and Russia annexed it on 18 March after a referendum that the UN General Assembly declared invalid on 27 March. Ukraine and most governments do not recognise the annexation, which brought the first Western sanctions on Russia. Ukraine adopted a de-occupation strategy in March 2021 and the peninsula remained under Russian control through October 2026; it holds the naval base of the Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3214479-zelensky-enacts-strategy-for-deoccupation-and-reintegration-of-crimea.html", "size": 3.7, "position": { "x": 49.329, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-l-donetsk", "name": "Donetsk", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 48.0159, "Longitude": 37.8028, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2014-04-06", "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Donetsk, an industrial city in the Donbas with about 905,000 residents in 2021, became the centre of the war in Donbas in 2014. Pro-Russian activists seized the regional administration building on 6 and 7 April 2014 and proclaimed the Donetsk People's Republic, with Donetsk as its capital. Its international airport was fought over for almost a year, the Minsk II framework was negotiated to stop the fighting around it, and Russia recognised the republic on 21 February 2022. Wikipedia reports that as of June 2026 Russia has full control of the city.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis\nPicture: Свято-Преображенский собор - panoramio (2).jpg, Olya Usova, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio_(2).jpg", "size": 3.54, "position": { "x": 57.187, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["9428c0c2-fc91-4c34-a27c-391f3a19bb24"], "nodeImage": "9428c0c2-fc91-4c34-a27c-391f3a19bb24" }, { "ID": "uw-bg-c-dpr-lpr", "name": "Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Government body", "First appearance": "2014-04-06", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic were the self-proclaimed entities set up by armed pro-Russian groups in April 2014 in the occupied parts of Ukraine's Donetsk and Luhansk regions. They held independence referendums on 11 May 2014 that Kyiv and Western governments did not accept, took part in the Minsk talks through representatives, and fought Ukraine's forces with Russian support, which Moscow officially denied. The European Court of Human Rights found that Russia controlled them from 2014. Russia recognised both on 21 February 2022 and annexed the regions in September 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": [4.45, 4.45], "position": { "x": 56.187, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-p-angela-merkel", "name": "Angela Merkel", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Chancellor of Germany 2005-2021; Normandy format mediator", "Nationality": "Germany", "First appearance": "2015-02-12", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Angela Merkel was Chancellor of Germany until December 2021 and, with French President Hollande, the Western mediator of the Minsk II negotiations. She travelled with Hollande to Kyiv and Moscow and took part in the overnight talks in Minsk on 11 and 12 February 2015, and she was at the Normandy summit in Paris on 9 December 2019. She argued that gas must not be used as a geopolitical weapon, but supported the completion of Nord Stream 2 on commercial grounds.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_Format\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_2", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 74.674, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-bg-l-maidan-nezalezhnosti", "name": "Maidan Nezalezhnosti", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Facility", "Latitude": 50.45, "Longitude": 30.5236, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2013-11-30", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Maidan Nezalezhnosti, Independence Square, is the central square of Kyiv and the site of the Euromaidan protests that began on 21 November 2013. Riot police dispersed protesters there on 30 November, the square was then occupied for almost three months with a protest camp, rallies of hundreds of thousands in December, and the deadly clashes of 18 to 20 February 2014 took place in the streets around it. Since then the name Maidan has stood for the 2013-14 protests, called the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/9/20/timeline-ukraines-political-crisis", "size": 2.97, "position": { "x": 33.591, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-us-warns-allies", "name": "US intelligence warns allies of a Russian invasion plan", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2021-11-01", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Declassified later", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "By October 2021 Russian forces were massing near Ukraine, and US analysts were combining satellite imagery, intercepted messages and local sources into a judgment that Russia would probably attack Ukraine in the winter, although they could not name a date. Washington then took the finding to partners: Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines briefed NATO allies in Brussels, and officials briefed European capitals. Only the UK and the Baltic states treated the alert as a firm call to prepare. France and Germany doubted that Russia would invade, or that it would do so on the scale the US described, in part because US credibility had been dented by the misjudged collapse of the Afghan government. The result was an allied picture that was divided until the last days; France's army chief later acknowledged that French services had not anticipated the invasion as US officials had.\n\nhttps://www.brusselstimes.com/world-all-news/274346/us-warned-of-russian-invasion-for-months-but-eu-dithered/\nhttps://stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-08-16/five-takeaways-examination-road-war-ukraine-7005121.html\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2022/03/31/french-military-intelligence-chief-leaves-job-over-ukraine-war-failures-report", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 123.727, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-burns-moscow-trip", "name": "William Burns warns the Kremlin in Moscow", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2021-11-02", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "After Biden's advisers concluded in October 2021 that Putin was preparing a large attack on Ukraine, the president sent CIA Director William Burns to Moscow to deliver a personal letter and a warning of severe consequences. Burns met Russian security officials and spoke with Putin by telephone from an office in the Kremlin while Putin was in Sochi. He judged that Putin had not yet made an irreversible decision to invade, but reported back that his level of concern had gone up, not down. The trip was an attempt to deter the invasion privately while the US prepared to publicise its intelligence; it did not change Russian behaviour, and the build-up continued into the winter.\n\nhttps://stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-08-16/five-takeaways-examination-road-war-ukraine-7005121.html", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 104.713, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-biden-putin-has-decided", "name": "Biden says Putin has decided to invade", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-18", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "By mid-February 2022 more than 150,000 Russian troops stood around Ukraine, Moscow was alleging that Kyiv planned its own attack, and Western governments were evacuating diplomats. On 18 February Biden told reporters at the White House that he was convinced Putin had made the decision to invade and that an attack could come within days, with Kyiv a likely target. He said the US had reason to believe this but gave few specifics of the intelligence, and he called Russian claims of a Ukrainian provocation baseless, a pretext of the kind Russia had used before. He left diplomacy open ahead of a planned Blinken-Lavrov call. Six days later Russia launched the full-scale invasion.\n\nhttps://themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/biden-convinced-putin-has-made-decision-to-invade-ukraine-a76462", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 160.974, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-viasat-hack", "name": "Cyberattack on the Viasat KA-SAT network", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-24", "Event kind": "Cyber attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Ukraine's armed forces and many civilian users relied on Viasat's KA-SAT satellite broadband service. At about 05:02 local time on 24 February 2022, an hour before Russian forces crossed the border, the network suffered a destructive attack that disabled modems in Ukraine and across Europe. Researchers linked the outages to a wiper they called AcidRain, and Viasat said its own analysis was consistent with that. The EU said the attack was meant to disrupt Ukrainian command and control at the start of the invasion; it also took thousands of customers in Ukraine and tens of thousands elsewhere offline, including terminals that ran wind farms. On 10 May 2022 the EU, the UK and the US formally blamed Russia, and Estonia named the GRU.\n\nhttps://www.satellitetoday.com/cybersecurity/2022/05/11/us-and-eu-officials-attribute-viasat-cyber-attack-to-russia/\nhttps://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2022/05/statement-on-russias-malicious-cyber-activity-affecting-europe-and-ukraine.html", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 176.064, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-discord-leaks", "name": "Leak of classified Pentagon documents", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2023-04-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "From late 2022 or early 2023 a US Air National Guard IT specialist, Jack Teixeira, began sharing photographs of classified documents in a private Discord chat group that discussed wars and geopolitics. In April 2023 the material spread to other platforms, including 4chan, Twitter and Russian Telegram channels, and became public. The documents appeared to detail US and NATO aid to Ukraine, battlefield positions and equipment counts from February and March, and an assessment that Ukraine's air-defence missiles could run out by late April or May without resupply. The Pentagon called the disclosure a deliberate criminal act, and some documents may have been altered. The leak embarrassed Washington before allies, led to Teixeira's arrest on 13 April 2023.\n\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/politics/2023/04/11/what-we-know-so-far-on-the-leaked-pentagon-documents/\nhttps://www.cbsnews.com/amp/miami/news/jack-teixeira-leaked-documents-pentagon-suspect", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 327.048, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-biden-briefed-oct-2021", "name": "Biden's advisers brief him on Putin's invasion plans", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2021-10-01", "Assessment kind": "Estimate", "Disclosure": "Declassified later", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 43 }, "description": "Through the autumn of 2021 US intelligence had penetrated several points of Russia's leadership, security services and military and was tracking a build-up on Ukraine's borders. In October 2021 Biden's top diplomatic, military and intelligence advisers met him in the Oval Office and laid out their conclusion that Putin planned a full-scale invasion aimed at seizing Kyiv, with General Mark Milley warning of a multi-directional attack. They could not say when it would begin. The briefing drove the next steps: the decision to send CIA Director William Burns to Moscow, the briefings of allied governments, and the choice to publicise intelligence. The account became public in the Washington Post's August 2022 reconstruction.\n\nhttps://stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-08-16/five-takeaways-examination-road-war-ukraine-7005121.html\nhttps://www.brusselstimes.com/world-all-news/274346/us-warned-of-russian-invasion-for-months-but-eu-dithered/", "size": 4.42, "position": { "x": 113.789, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-us-dec-2021-offensive", "name": "US intelligence finds Russia planning an offensive with 175,000 troops", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2021-12-03", "Assessment kind": "Estimate", "Disclosure": "Leaked", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "With Russian units gathering near Ukraine and the Kremlin demanding a guarantee that Ukraine would never join NATO, a US intelligence assessment became public in early December 2021. The Washington Post and other outlets reported, from US officials and an unclassified document with satellite imagery, that Russia was planning a multi-front offensive that could begin in early 2022 and involve up to 175,000 personnel, with about half already positioned. US estimates put about 70,000 troops near the border, while Ukraine's defence minister cited 94,300. Biden said he would make it very, very difficult for Putin to act and rejected Russia's red lines; the administration was already weighing new sanctions, possibly including a cut-off from SWIFT. Some officials argued Putin might be seeking concessions rather than war.\n\nhttps://www.arabnews.com/world/us-intelligence-finds-russia-planning-ukraine-offensive-1980436", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 138.612, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-uk-murayev-claim", "name": "UK says Kremlin plans to install a pro-Russian leader in Kyiv", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-01-22", "Assessment kind": "Declassified release", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "On 22 January 2022, a day after US and Russian diplomats failed to reach a breakthrough in Geneva, the UK Foreign Office took the unusual step of publishing intelligence. It said Russia was considering former Ukrainian lawmaker Yevhen Murayev as a candidate to head a pro-Russian government in Kyiv, and that Russian intelligence officers had contacted former Ukrainian politicians as part of invasion planning. Foreign Secretary Liz Truss said the UK would not tolerate such a plot. London gave no evidence; a Foreign Office source said the material was declassified after careful checks. Murayev mocked the claim and Russia's Foreign Ministry called it disinformation. The release was an early example of Western governments publicising intelligence to expose Russian plans.\n\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/uk-accuses-kremlin-trying-install-russian-leader-ukraine-rcna13188", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 131.311, "y": -48.16, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-sullivan-any-day", "name": "Sullivan warns an invasion could begin any day", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-11", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 11 February 2022, with about 100,000 Russian troops around Ukraine and the Beijing Winter Olympics under way, US national security adviser Jake Sullivan told a White House briefing that Russia could launch an invasion in very short order, even before the Games ended. He said the US had no evidence that Putin had formally decided but could not pinpoint the day or hour, and he urged Americans in Ukraine to leave within 24 to 48 hours. He added that an assault would probably start with air and missile strikes and could include a rapid assault on Kyiv. The US cut its embassy staff in Kyiv and several allies told citizens to leave. Ukraine's president publicly pushed back the next day.\n\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 146.385, "y": -34.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-blinken-un-false-flag", "name": "Blinken warns the UN of Russian false-flag pretexts", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-17", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "As Russia alleged Ukrainian attacks on the Donbas separatist areas, President Biden asked Secretary of State Antony Blinken to address the UN Security Council on 17 February 2022. Blinken said US information indicated an attack on Ukraine in the coming days and that Russian media were laying the groundwork for an invented justification. He described possible pretexts, including a staged bombing, a drone strike on civilians in Russian-held areas, a real or fabricated chemical attack and an invented mass grave, and said Moscow could then claim it had to protect ethnic Russians. He acknowledged scepticism about US intelligence, saying he was there not to start a war but to prevent one. The speech was part of a strategy of publicising intelligence to pre-empt Russian disinformation.\n\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/17/us-russia-un-ukraine/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 146.391, "y": -48.16, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-house-hearing-russia-misjudged", "name": "Haines and Burns say Russia misjudged Ukraine's resistance", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-03-08", "Assessment kind": "Estimate", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "Two weeks into the invasion, with Kyiv still standing, US intelligence leaders gave Congress their first public read of the war. Testifying to the House Intelligence Committee on 8 March 2022, Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines said Russia had underestimated Ukrainian resistance and faced internal problems, and that Putin saw the conflict as one he could not afford to lose. CIA Director William Burns said Putin had expected to seize Kyiv within two days and had wrongly believed his military was modernised and could win quickly and cheaply, while stressing Putin was not crazy but isolated. They said it was unclear whether Putin would seek full control of Ukraine or accept less. The testimony shaped Western expectations of a long war.\n\nhttps://spectrumnews1.com/wi/green-bay/ap-online/2022/03/08/russia-underestimated-ukraines-resistance-us-official-says", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 197.357, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-iran-drones-declassified", "name": "US says Iran will supply Russia with hundreds of drones", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-07-11", "Assessment kind": "Declassified release", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "By mid-2022 Western officials believed Russia was burning through its precision weapons and needed new sources. On 11 July 2022 White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan said the US had information that Iran was preparing to give Russia up to several hundred drones, including weapons-capable ones, and could start training Russian forces as early as that month. A National Security Council spokesperson said the information rested on recently declassified intelligence. Sullivan said it was unclear whether any had been delivered. The disclosure came just before Biden's Middle East trip and was another example of publicising intelligence to deter and expose supply deals; Iranian-designed Shahed drones were later used against Ukraine from September 2022.\n\nhttps://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/us-iran-aims-send-drones-russia-use-ukraine", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 259.117, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-nord-stream-dutch-tip", "name": "Dutch intelligence warns the CIA of a plan to hit Nord Stream", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-06-01", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Leaked", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "In June 2022 the Dutch military intelligence service MIVD learned from a Ukrainian source of an imminent plan to attack the Nord Stream gas pipelines and passed an alarming message to the CIA. According to Dutch broadcaster NOS, with German outlets ARD and Die Zeit, the CIA then warned Ukraine not to go ahead. The Washington Post reported that the CIA first doubted the source until a trusted European service judged him reliable. NOS said the reported plan involved divers on a sailing boat acting on the orders of General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, and that President Zelensky was not aware of it. Ukraine denies responsibility, and the investigation into the September 2022 explosions has not established who carried them out.\n\nhttps://www.dutchnews.nl/2023/06/dutch-secret-service-tipped-off-cia-about-nord-stream-plan-nos/", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 249.646, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-north-korea-shells", "name": "US says Russia is buying North Korean shells and rockets", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-09-06", "Assessment kind": "Declassified release", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "As Russia's offensive consumed ammunition faster than it could produce it, newly declassified US intelligence reported on 6 September 2022 that Moscow was buying millions of artillery shells and rockets from North Korea. The New York Times first reported the finding, and the Pentagon and National Security Council said Russia had approached North Korea for ammunition on the scale of millions of rounds. Officials gave few details on timing or quantities and framed the purchase as a sign that sanctions and export controls were squeezing Russian supply chains. Russia's UN ambassador called the claim fake. It was the first public signal of the arms relationship that later grew into shell deliveries and the deployment of North Korean troops.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/6/russia-to-buy-north-korean-artillery-shells-rockets-report", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 270.33, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-prigozhin-plan", "name": "US learns of Prigozhin's plan for armed action", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2023-06-15", "Assessment kind": "Warning", "Disclosure": "Leaked", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin had feuded with the Russian defence leadership for months over ammunition and the fight for Bakhmut. According to the Washington Post and CNN, reporting on 25 and 26 June 2023, US intelligence agencies learned in mid-June that Prigozhin was planning armed action against the Russian defence establishment, and CNN said Washington built a detailed and accurate picture of his plans. The Post's officials said the US lacked exact goals and timing until Wagner columns moved on Rostov-on-Don; the Wall Street Journal later said the information was held tightly and shared with only a few allies, including senior British officials. The mutiny began on 23 June and ended within about 24 hours.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/06/25/7408418", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 344.95, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-leaked-air-defence-shortage", "name": "Leaked assessment: Ukraine's air-defence missiles near exhaustion", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2023-04-01", "Assessment kind": "Leak", "Disclosure": "Leaked", "Borne out": "Not yet known", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Among the Pentagon papers that spread online in April 2023 were estimates of Ukraine's air-defence stocks. As Kyiv prepared a spring counteroffensive, the documents suggested that Ukraine's air-defence systems were close to running out of missiles, with stocks expected to be exhausted as soon as late April or May without resupply. They also gave real-time details of battlefield positions from February and March and counts of equipment lost and delivered. The material was embarrassing for Washington and gave Moscow a view of Ukrainian vulnerabilities, although officials said some documents may have been altered.\n\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/politics/2023/04/11/what-we-know-so-far-on-the-leaked-pentagon-documents/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 317.048, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ia-nis-north-korea-troops", "name": "South Korean spy agency says North Korea is sending troops to Russia", "type": "Intelligence assessment", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2024-10-23", "Assessment kind": "Estimate", "Disclosure": "Public at the time", "Borne out": "Yes", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "On 23 October 2024, after Ukraine and Western officials had been reporting a possible deployment for weeks, South Korea's National Intelligence Service told lawmakers in a closed session that about 3,000 North Korean troops had reached Russia, with about 10,000 expected by December. The NIS said they were based at several Russian sites, training on drones and other equipment, and had not yet been committed to battle. The same day US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said there was evidence North Korea had sent troops, and Zelensky said Ukraine had intelligence on 10,000 soldiers being prepared. Russia and North Korea denied the movement. The US 2026 Annual Threat Assessment later described North Korean troops as participating in combat against Ukraine.\n\nhttps://www.koreatimes.co.kr/amp/foreignaffairs/northkorea/20241023/n-korea-so-far-sent-3000-soldiers-to-russia-total-10000-to-be-dispatched-by-dec-nis\nhttps://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/10/23/pentagon-chief-austin-confirms-north-korea-has-sent-troops-to-russia/\nhttps://archive.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ATA-2026-Unclassified-Report.pdf", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 427.428, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ev-whispergate", "name": "WhisperGate wiper and website defacements hit Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-01-14", "Event kind": "Cyber attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "With Russian forces massing and diplomacy stalling, a wave of cyber operations struck Ukraine in mid-January 2022. On 14 January Ukrainian government websites were replaced with messages claiming citizens' data had been breached, and Microsoft reported on 15 January a destructive malware campaign, later called WhisperGate, that had begun on 13 January. It posed as ransomware but overwrote boot records and files and offered no recovery. Ukraine's security service said more than 70 government sites were attacked, with unauthorised access on 10, and the defacement images carried metadata pointing to a Polish location, an apparent attempt to suggest a Polish origin. Russia denied responsibility. The attacks were an early sign of the cyber campaign that accompanied the invasion.\n\nhttps://www.sophos.com/blog/disruptive-attacks-in-ukraine-likely-linked-to-escalating-tensions", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 131.224, "y": -35.16, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ev-fsb-fifth-service-reports", "name": "Reports that FSB Fifth Service chiefs were put under house arrest", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-03-11", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 18 }, "description": "As the Russian offensive stalled in March 2022, journalists Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan reported in Meduza that Putin was turning on the FSB's Fifth Service, which handled foreign contacts and influence operations in the former Soviet space with Ukraine as a priority. According to their sources its head Sergey Beseda and his deputy were under house arrest over alleged misuse of funds and poor intelligence on Ukraine, and the authors suggested the service had told Putin what he wanted to hear. There was no official confirmation. The reports became a reference point for the thesis that Russia's planners misjudged Ukraine's will to resist because intelligence flattered expectations.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/03/11/from-bad-intel-to-worse", "size": 3.35, "position": { "x": 205.628, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-ev-viasat-attribution", "name": "EU, UK and US attribute the Viasat attack to Russia", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-05-10", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "Three months after the KA-SAT outage, Western governments made a rare coordinated attribution of a cyberattack. On 10 May 2022 the EU and its member states condemned Russia for the attack on Viasat's KA-SAT network, in what one analyst called the first collective EU public attribution; the UK's National Cyber Security Centre said it was almost certain that Russia was responsible, and Secretary of State Antony Blinken called Russian cyber conduct irresponsible and destructive. Canada said it assessed that the Russian military was behind it. Estonia went further and named the GRU. The EU said it was considering further steps to deter and respond, and the US said it was helping Ukraine with cyber defence, satellite phones and data terminals.\n\nhttps://www.satellitetoday.com/cybersecurity/2022/05/11/us-and-eu-officials-attribute-viasat-cyber-attack-to-russia/\nhttps://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2022/05/statement-on-russias-malicious-cyber-activity-affecting-europe-and-ukraine.html", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 236.324, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-william-burns", "name": "William Burns", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Director of the CIA 2021-2025", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2021-11-02", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "William Burns is the US diplomat who directed the CIA from 2021 and was the Biden administration's main intelligence voice on Russia's plans for Ukraine. A former ambassador to Moscow, he flew to the Russian capital in early November 2021 with a letter from Biden and a warning to Putin, and in March 2022 told the House Intelligence Committee that Putin had expected to take Kyiv within two days. His warnings helped persuade allies and shaped the decision to make intelligence public.\n\nhttps://stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-08-16/five-takeaways-examination-road-war-ukraine-7005121.html\nhttps://spectrumnews1.com/wi/green-bay/ap-online/2022/03/08/russia-underestimated-ukraines-resistance-us-official-says", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 129.213, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["d8ca372d-7ee9-498d-9205-b5a7e545608c"], "nodeImage": "d8ca372d-7ee9-498d-9205-b5a7e545608c" }, { "ID": "uw-p-avril-haines", "name": "Avril Haines", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "US Director of National Intelligence 2021-2025", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2021-11-01", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Avril Haines was the US Director of National Intelligence in the Biden administration. In autumn 2021 she briefed NATO allies in Brussels on the intelligence that Russia would probably attack Ukraine, and on 8 March 2022 she told the House Intelligence Committee that Russia had underestimated Ukrainian resistance and faced an ill-constructed plan and logistics problems. She oversaw the strategy of releasing intelligence to expose Russian plans.\n\nhttps://www.brusselstimes.com/world-all-news/274346/us-warned-of-russian-invasion-for-months-but-eu-dithered/\nhttps://spectrumnews1.com/wi/green-bay/ap-online/2022/03/08/russia-underestimated-ukraines-resistance-us-official-says", "size": 2.97, "position": { "x": 117.227, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c0f4c058-d0e8-4a77-a949-8b44883cceaa"], "nodeImage": "c0f4c058-d0e8-4a77-a949-8b44883cceaa" }, { "ID": "uw-p-jake-sullivan", "name": "Jake Sullivan", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "US National Security Adviser 2021-2025", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2022-02-11", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Jake Sullivan was President Biden's national security adviser and the public face of the US warnings about Russia's plans. On 11 February 2022 he told reporters an invasion could begin any day, before the Winter Olympics ended, and urged Americans to leave Ukraine within 24 to 48 hours. In July 2022 he disclosed US intelligence that Iran would supply Russia with drones. He also said that avoiding direct conflict with Russia was a stated aim of US arms decisions.\n\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house\nhttps://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/us-iran-aims-send-drones-russia-use-ukraine", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 141.385, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["3603cd7e-13d4-42ba-aae5-c169234dd405"], "nodeImage": "3603cd7e-13d4-42ba-aae5-c169234dd405" }, { "ID": "uw-int-p-john-ratcliffe", "name": "John Ratcliffe", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Director of the CIA 2025-", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2025-03-05", "Impact score": 30 }, "description": "John Ratcliffe became CIA Director in January 2025 under President Trump. On 5 March 2025 he confirmed on Fox News that the US had paused intelligence sharing with Ukraine at Trump's request, tying it to doubts about Zelensky's commitment to peace talks, and said the pause on the military and intelligence fronts would go away.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/amp/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html", "size": 2.73, "position": { "x": 468.228, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["b52ed209-db2d-46b2-9f09-85b2ef34b9ea"], "nodeImage": "b52ed209-db2d-46b2-9f09-85b2ef34b9ea" }, { "ID": "uw-c-hur", "name": "Defence Intelligence of Ukraine", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Intelligence agency", "First appearance": "2024-03-04", "Impact score": 48 }, "description": "The Main Intelligence Directorate of Ukraine's Ministry of Defence, known as HUR, is Ukraine's military intelligence service. Under Kyrylo Budanov it publicised operations against Russian targets, including a claimed breach of Russian Defence Ministry systems in 2024, and passed its own estimates on North Korean troop movements to Western partners. In January 2026 Oleh Ivashchenko took over from Budanov.\n\nhttps://kyivpost.com/post/28979\nhttps://news.liga.net/en/politics/news/budanov-has-officially-been-appointed-head-of-the-presidents-office-and-ivashchenko-hur", "size": [4.2, 4.2], "position": { "x": 395.304, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-sbu", "name": "Security Service of Ukraine", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Intelligence agency", "First appearance": "2022-01-14", "Impact score": 56 }, "description": "The Security Service of Ukraine, the SBU, is Ukraine's domestic security and counter-intelligence agency and a main actor in cyber defence and in covert operations against Russia. It reported the January 2022 website attacks, attributed the Kyivstar attack to Russian military intelligence, and, according to a source speaking to Reuters, was behind the December 2024 killing of General Igor Kirillov in Moscow.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/sbu-russian-hackers-behind-kyivstar\nhttps://ynetnews.com/article/hkjmyic41l", "size": [4.35, 4.35], "position": { "x": 135.224, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["7ba71382-71d4-40f0-8c35-3d5c9dab26d8"], "nodeImage": "7ba71382-71d4-40f0-8c35-3d5c9dab26d8" }, { "ID": "uw-c-cia", "name": "Central Intelligence Agency", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Intelligence agency", "First appearance": "2021-11-02", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "The CIA is the US foreign intelligence agency. Under William Burns it supplied much of the intelligence behind Washington's warnings of the 2022 invasion and its director carried Biden's warning to Putin in Moscow. In March 2025 director John Ratcliffe confirmed the pause on intelligence sharing with Ukraine. In 2022 the agency also received and passed on a Dutch warning of a plot against Nord Stream.\n\nhttps://stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-08-16/five-takeaways-examination-road-war-ukraine-7005121.html\nhttps://www.rferl.org/amp/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html", "size": [4.27, 4.27], "position": { "x": 123.213, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["2e221629-88d6-40da-9c31-f6fa152d792f"], "nodeImage": "2e221629-88d6-40da-9c31-f6fa152d792f" }, { "ID": "uw-k-declassification-strategy", "name": "Strategic declassification of intelligence", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "First appearance": "2022-01-22", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "From late 2021 the US and UK governments began releasing intelligence about Russian plans while events were still unfolding, instead of keeping it secret. The aim was to deter Moscow, expose false-flag pretexts before they could be used, win over sceptical allies and counter Russian disinformation. Examples were the UK's January 2022 claim of a plot to install a pro-Russian leader in Kyiv, Blinken's February 2022 warning to the UN Security Council about invented pretexts, and the declassified findings on Iranian drones and North Korean ammunition later in 2022. Critics noted the lack of evidence offered, and Blinken himself acknowledged public scepticism about US intelligence.\n\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/uk-accuses-kremlin-trying-install-russian-leader-ukraine-rcna13188\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/17/us-russia-un-ukraine/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/6/russia-to-buy-north-korean-artillery-shells-rockets-report", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 151.811, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-ap-us-intel-russia-offensive", "name": "US intelligence finds Russia planning Ukraine offensive", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2021-12-04", "Publisher": "AP", "Headline": "US intelligence finds Russia planning Ukraine offensive", "URL": "https://www.arabnews.com/world/us-intelligence-finds-russia-planning-ukraine-offensive-1980436", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "The AP story reported on 4 December 2021 that US intelligence officials had concluded Russia was preparing a possible military offensive against Ukraine that could start in early 2022. An anonymous Biden administration official said the plan involved about 175,000 troops, roughly half already near the border. It set US estimates of about 70,000 troops near the border against the 94,300 figure given by Ukraine's defence minister, and quoted Biden saying he would make it very, very difficult for Putin to act and that he did not accept anyone's red line. It added that the US was weighing sanctions, possibly including a SWIFT cut-off, and that some officials thought Putin might be seeking concessions rather than war.\n\nhttps://www.arabnews.com/world/us-intelligence-finds-russia-planning-ukraine-offensive-1980436", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 146.172, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-fp-white-house-imminent", "name": "White House warns Russian invasion could be imminent", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-11", "Publisher": "Foreign Policy", "Headline": "White House Warns Russian Invasion of Ukraine Could be Imminent", "URL": "https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Jack Detsch and Robbie Gramer" }, "description": "Foreign Policy reported on 11 February 2022 that Jake Sullivan told a White House briefing that Russia could launch an invasion in very short order, possibly before the Winter Olympics ended, though US intelligence did not show Putin had decided. It covered the call for Americans to leave Ukraine within 24 to 48 hours, further cuts at the Kyiv embassy, warnings from Britain, Israel and the EU, and the Pentagon's approval of 3,000 more paratroopers for Poland. Sullivan said an assault could include a rapid thrust on Kyiv and argued that a more united West would make an invasion costlier.\n\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 153.945, "y": -34.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-moscowtimes-biden-convinced", "name": "Biden convinced Putin has decided to invade Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-18", "Publisher": "The Moscow Times", "Headline": "Biden 'Convinced' Putin Has Made Decision to Invade Ukraine", "URL": "https://themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/biden-convinced-putin-has-made-decision-to-invade-ukraine-a76462", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "AFP" }, "description": "The Moscow Times, running AFP, reported Biden's statement of 18 February 2022 that he was convinced Putin had decided to attack Ukraine, possibly within days, and that US intelligence supported the view. It reported his warning that Russian forces could target Kyiv, his insistence that diplomacy remained possible ahead of a planned Blinken-Lavrov call, and his accusation that Moscow was spreading false claims of a planned Ukrainian attack as a pretext.\n\nhttps://themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/biden-convinced-putin-has-made-decision-to-invade-ukraine-a76462", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 168.534, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-brusselstimes-eu-dithered", "name": "US warned of Russian invasion for months but EU dithered", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-08-19", "Publisher": "Brussels Times", "Headline": "US warned of Russian invasion for months but EU dithered", "URL": "https://www.brusselstimes.com/world-all-news/274346/us-warned-of-russian-invasion-for-months-but-eu-dithered/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "The Brussels Times Newsroom" }, "description": "The Brussels Times summarised on 19 August 2022 the Washington Post's reconstruction from a European angle. It reported that after US leaders concluded in October 2021 that Russia would probably attack that winter, Avril Haines warned NATO allies in Brussels and only the UK and the Baltic states took the alert seriously, while France and Germany doubted a full invasion. It quoted Ghent University's Sven Biscop on how the Afghan withdrawal had damaged EU trust in US intelligence, and noted Macron's diplomatic opening before Putin recognised the Donetsk and Luhansk republics.\n\nhttps://www.brusselstimes.com/world-all-news/274346/us-warned-of-russian-invasion-for-months-but-eu-dithered/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 131.287, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-viasat-attribution", "name": "US and EU officials attribute Viasat cyber attack to Russia", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-05-11", "Publisher": "Via Satellite", "Headline": "US and EU Officials Attribute Viasat Cyber Attack to Russia", "URL": "https://www.satellitetoday.com/cybersecurity/2022/05/11/us-and-eu-officials-attribute-viasat-cyber-attack-to-russia/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Calvin Biesecker" }, "description": "Via Satellite reported that on 10 May 2022 the US government and the EU said Russia was responsible for cyberattacks on satellite communications networks in late February, meant to disrupt Ukraine's command and control at the start of the invasion. It said Viasat's KA-SAT network was hit on 24 February, an hour before the invasion, partly disrupting consumer broadband for several thousand customers in Ukraine and tens of thousands elsewhere in Europe and disabling terminals, including ones supporting wind farms. It added Blinken's reference to wiper malware used since January and US support for Ukrainian cyber defence.\n\nhttps://www.satellitetoday.com/cybersecurity/2022/05/11/us-and-eu-officials-attribute-viasat-cyber-attack-to-russia/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 243.044, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-ap-why-21-year-old-arrested", "name": "Why a 21-year-old has been arrested in document leak probe", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2023-04-11", "Publisher": "AP", "Headline": "Why a 21-year-old has been arrested in document leak probe", "URL": "https://www.news4jax.com/news/politics/2023/04/11/what-we-know-so-far-on-the-leaked-pentagon-documents/", "Article kind": "Explainer", "Language": "English", "Author": "Tara Copp and Nomaan Merchant" }, "description": "The AP explained on 11 April 2023 the arrest of Jack Teixeira, a 21-year-old Massachusetts Air National Guard IT specialist, over the disclosure of highly classified military documents that it said began on Discord. It reported that the documents appeared to detail US and NATO aid to Ukraine, battlefield positions and equipment counts from February and March, and suggested Ukraine's air-defence missiles could run out as soon as late April or May without resupply. It said he could face Espionage Act charges, though the penalty was unclear at the time.\n\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/politics/2023/04/11/what-we-know-so-far-on-the-leaked-pentagon-documents/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 334.458, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-koreatimes-nis-3000", "name": "North Korea sent 3,000 soldiers to Russia, 10,000 by December: NIS", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2024-10-23", "Publisher": "The Korea Times", "Headline": "N. Korea so far sent 3,000 soldiers to Russia; total 10,000 to be dispatched by Dec.: NIS", "URL": "https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/amp/foreignaffairs/northkorea/20241023/n-korea-so-far-sent-3000-soldiers-to-russia-total-10000-to-be-dispatched-by-dec-nis", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Yonhap" }, "description": "The Korea Times, carrying Yonhap, reported on 23 October 2024 South Korea's NIS briefing to lawmakers that about 3,000 North Korean soldiers had reached Russia, a first group of about 1,500 in mid-October followed by another 1,500, with around 10,000 expected by December. It said the troops were at Russian military sites training on equipment and drone operations and not yet fighting, that each soldier reportedly earned about 2,000 dollars a month, and that the NIS expected heavy casualties and saw Pyongyang seeking closer ties, economic relief and a modernised army.\n\nhttps://www.koreatimes.co.kr/amp/foreignaffairs/northkorea/20241023/n-korea-so-far-sent-3000-soldiers-to-russia-total-10000-to-be-dispatched-by-dec-nis", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 434.838, "y": -41.66, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-up-us-stops-intel-wsj", "name": "US stops sharing all intelligence with Ukraine, per WSJ", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2025-03-06", "Publisher": "Ukrainska Pravda", "Headline": "US stops sharing all intelligence with Ukraine, including on missile and drone launches – WSJ", "URL": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/03/06/7501480/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Ivan Diakonov" }, "description": "Ukrainska Pravda summarised on 6 March 2025 the Wall Street Journal's report that the US had halted intelligence sharing with Ukraine, including targeting data for military strikes and warnings of Russian missile and drone launches. It reported The Economist's account that a key alert link was cut around 2 p.m. Kyiv time, said Ratcliffe and Waltz confirmed the pause but suggested it could end soon, and quoted a senior US official saying the plan was a one- or two-week pause to pressure Zelensky. A former HUR head said European satellites partly offset the loss.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/03/06/7501480/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 468.658, "y": -100.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-na-ki-us-resumes-intel", "name": "US resumes sharing intelligence with Ukraine, Gabbard confirms", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2025-03-12", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "US resumes sharing intelligence with Ukraine, Gabbard confirms", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/us-resumes-sharing-intelligence-with-ukraine-gabbard-confirms/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Martin Fornusek" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent reported that DNI Tulsi Gabbard confirmed the US had resumed intelligence sharing with Ukraine at Trump's direction, after US-Ukraine talks in Jeddah on 11 March 2025 at which both sides preliminarily agreed to a 30-day ceasefire. It recounted that sharing was restricted on 5 March after the aid halt and the 28 February Oval Office clash, said Ukraine relies on the intelligence for precision strikes and air-attack warnings, noted that the full effect was unclear while Russia made a breakthrough in Kursk Oblast, and relayed Steve Witkoff's statement that defensive intelligence was unaffected.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-resumes-sharing-intelligence-with-ukraine-gabbard-confirms/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 468.075, "y": -98.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-dq-biden-convinced", "name": "Biden: convinced Putin has made the decision", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-18", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/biden-convinced-putin-has-made-decision-to-invade-ukraine-a76462" }, "description": "On 18 February 2022, six days before the invasion, Biden told reporters at the White House that he had concluded Putin would attack. The quote is in English and reads: 'As of this moment, I'm convinced he's made the decision.' He said the US had reason to believe it and that Kyiv could be a target, while leaving diplomacy open.\n\nhttps://themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/biden-convinced-putin-has-made-decision-to-invade-ukraine-a76462", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 168.034, "y": -39.16, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-dq-sullivan-leave-24-48-hours", "name": "Sullivan: Americans should leave within 24 to 48 hours", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2022-02-11", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house" }, "description": "At the White House briefing of 11 February 2022, national security adviser Jake Sullivan told Americans in Ukraine to depart immediately. The quote is in English: 'Any American in Ukraine should leave as soon as possible, and in any event, in the next 24 to 48 hours.' He added that US troops would not extract those who stayed.\n\nhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/11/russia-invasion-ukraine-imminent-white-house", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 153.445, "y": -32.16, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-int-dq-ratcliffe-pause-will-go-away", "name": "Ratcliffe: the pause will go away", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Intelligence and cyber", "Date": "2025-03-05", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.rferl.org/amp/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html" }, "description": "On 5 March 2025, as the US restricted intelligence sharing with Ukraine, CIA Director John Ratcliffe described the measure as temporary. The quote is in English: 'I think on the military front and the intelligence front, the pause will go away.' He said the US would work with Ukraine to push back against Russian aggression.\n\nhttps://www.rferl.org/amp/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 468.658, "y": -105.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-04", "name": "Full-scale invasion and the battle for Kyiv", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2022-02-24", "End date": "2022-04-02", "Duration days": 37, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 4 }, "description": "Russia began its full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022 after months of troop build-up on Ukraine's borders and demands that NATO rule out Ukrainian membership. Its forces attacked on three fronts: from Belarus toward Kyiv, from Crimea in the south, and from Donbas and the Russian border toward Kharkiv. The plan depended on speed, with an airborne assault on Hostomel airport and long columns driving on the capital. Ukrainian resistance, stalled columns and supply problems broke the advance, and on 29 March Russia said it would sharply reduce activity around Kyiv and Chernihiv. On 2 April Ukrainian authorities announced that the whole Kyiv region had been retaken, which ended this phase and moved the main fighting to the east and south.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-in-retreat-putin-appears-to-admit-defeat-in-the-battle-for-kyiv/", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 189.08, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-05", "name": "Battle of Donbas", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2022-04-03", "End date": "2022-09-05", "Duration days": 155, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 5 }, "description": "With the push on Kyiv abandoned, Russia concentrated its offensive on the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The phase opened on 3 April 2022 and was dominated by artillery-heavy fighting. Mariupol fell after the Azovstal garrison was ordered to stop defending in mid-May and the last troops surrendered by 20 May. Russian forces then took Sievierodonetsk (25 June) and Lysychansk (announced 3 July), which Russia presented as the capture of all Luhansk province, while Russia pulled out of Snake Island on 30 June. Ukraine said it had to withdraw to spare its soldiers against heavy Russian artillery and air power. Ukraine used the pause to prepare counteroffensives in the south and the north-east, which began in late August and early September and closed the phase.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol\nhttps://www.fox13news.com/news/russia-control-lysychansk-eastern-ukraine\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/30/russia-ukraine-war-the-struggle-for-snake-island", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 244.463, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-06", "name": "Kharkiv and Kherson counteroffensives", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2022-09-06", "End date": "2022-11-11", "Duration days": 66, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 6 }, "description": "After the loss of Lysychansk, Ukraine moved to the attack. A southern offensive toward Kherson, announced on 29 August 2022, drew Russian reserves south, and on 6 September Ukrainian brigades broke through thinly held lines in Kharkiv Oblast. Within days Balakliia, Izium and Kupiansk were retaken and Lyman followed on 1 October. Russia announced a partial mobilisation and the annexation of four regions during these weeks, and put General Sergei Surovikin in overall command on 8 October. Ukrainian pressure on bridges and supply lines around Kherson led Shoigu to order a withdrawal from the right bank of the Dnipro on 9 November, and Ukrainian troops entered the city on 11 November, ending the phase.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_counteroffensive\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_counteroffensive\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/10/analysis-russia-caught-out-by-ukraines-double-offensive", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 286.968, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-07", "name": "Winter strikes and the battle of Bakhmut", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2022-11-12", "End date": "2023-06-03", "Duration days": 203, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 7 }, "description": "Once Kherson was lost, Russia reinforced the Donetsk front with units redeployed from the south and newly mobilised recruits, and the fighting settled into trench warfare around Bakhmut and Soledar. Wagner Group, led by Yevgeny Prigozhin, spearheaded the assault with convicts and mercenaries, took Soledar in mid-January 2023 and entered Bakhmut's centre in April. In May Prigozhin accused the Defence Ministry of starving his forces of ammunition and, on 20 May, proclaimed the capture of Bakhmut; Ukraine disputed that the city was fully taken and counterattacked on the flanks. Russia's strike campaign on the power grid continued in parallel. The phase ends on 3 June 2023, the day before Ukraine's counteroffensive began.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/12/russian-forces-edge-closer-to-capturing-soledar", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 321.38, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-08", "name": "2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2023-06-04", "End date": "2023-11-30", "Duration days": 179, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 8 }, "description": "Ukraine launched its long-prepared counteroffensive on 4 June 2023, aiming through Zaporizhzhia Oblast toward the Sea of Azov. It faced dense minefields and the layered defences of the Surovikin line, and Western media estimated that Ukraine had assembled 50,000 to 60,000 soldiers in twelve brigades, nine of them trained by the United States. The Kakhovka Dam was destroyed on 6 June, and on 23 and 24 June the Wagner Group mutiny briefly shook Russia. Ukraine retook Staromaiorske (26 July) and Robotyne (23 August) but gained little ground overall. Russia opened its assault on Avdiivka on 10 October, and in a 1 November interview General Zaluzhnyi described the war as a stalemate, a view President Zelensky rejected. The phase closes on 30 November 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 358.782, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-invasion", "name": "Russia launches the full-scale invasion of Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-02-24", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "By February 2022 Russia had massed troops around Ukraine for months, demanded written guarantees that NATO would not expand, and on 21 February recognised the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics. On 24 February President Putin announced what Russia calls a “special military operation” to support those breakaway republics, saying its aim was to “demilitarise and denazify” Ukraine and claiming without evidence that Ukraine's government was committing genocide. Russian air strikes and a ground invasion followed on three fronts: north from Belarus toward Kyiv, south from Crimea, and east from Donbas toward Kharkiv. Ukraine imposed martial law and fought back. The invasion opened the largest war in Europe since 1945 and set off the battles of Kyiv, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Chernihiv, as well as the sanctions, aid and refugee responses that followed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/chernobyl-nuclear-plant-targeted-as-russia-invades-ukraine", "size": 6, "position": { "x": 165.564, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-battle-of-kyiv", "name": "Battle of Kyiv", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2022-02-24", "End date": "2022-04-02", "Duration days": 37, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Defence", "Outcome": "Russian withdrawal", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "Russian planners expected a short war: paratroopers were landed near Kyiv on 24 February 2022 to seize Hostomel airport as an air bridge, while a long column advanced on the capital from the north along a highway about 64 km long. Ukrainian forces, including the 72nd Mechanized Brigade and territorial defence units, held the airport's surroundings, blew bridges and fought on the outskirts, and poor Russian logistics and tactical decisions helped defenders thwart an encirclement. The UK Ministry of Defence said the column made “little discernable progress” over three days. On 29 March Russia announced it would cut activity near Kyiv and Chernihiv; on 2 April Ukrainian authorities said the whole Kyiv region had been recaptured. The failure forced Russia to abandon its aim of a rapid decapitation and to refocus on the east.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-in-retreat-putin-appears-to-admit-defeat-in-the-battle-for-kyiv/\nhttps://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/russia-says-it-will-drastically-cut-military-activity-near-kyiv-chernihiv-327786-2022-03-29", "size": [8.8, 4.4], "position": { "x": 163.964, "y": -138.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-siege-of-mariupol", "name": "Siege of Mariupol", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2022-02-24", "End date": "2022-05-20", "Duration days": 85, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Siege", "Outcome": "Russian territorial gain", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Mariupol, a port city on the Sea of Azov, stood between Russian forces in Crimea and in Donbas, so Russia attacked it from the first day of the invasion. The city was fully surrounded by 2 March 2022 and shelled heavily; on 16 March the Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre, which sheltered civilians, was destroyed in an airstrike. From 19 March the fighting centred on the Azovstal steelworks. On 21 April Putin ordered his troops to blockade rather than storm Azovstal; on 16 May the garrison was ordered to stop defending and the last Ukrainian troops there surrendered by 20 May. Ukrainian officials estimated that about 95% of the city was destroyed, and casualty figures vary widely by source, from 1,348 civilian deaths confirmed by the UN to Ukrainian claims above 25,000. Russia gained its land bridge to Crimea.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol", "size": [7.44, 3.72], "position": { "x": 176.284, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-kharkiv-counteroffensive", "name": "Kharkiv counteroffensive", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2022-09-06", "End date": "2022-10-02", "Duration days": 26, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Counteroffensive", "Outcome": "Ukrainian territorial gain", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 95 }, "description": "By late summer 2022 Russia had thinned its lines in Kharkiv Oblast to reinforce the south, where Ukraine had announced a counteroffensive on 29 August. On 6 September Ukrainian brigades, including the 25th Airborne and the 92nd Mechanized, broke through near Balakliia and advanced quickly. Balakliia was retaken by 8-10 September, and Izium and Kupiansk on 10 September, after which Russia's Defence Ministry confirmed it was pulling out of Izium to “regroup” in Donetsk. Lyman was retaken on 1 October. ISW assessed that about 2,500 km2 were retaken in the first days, while Zelensky claimed larger totals. Russian forces withdrew west of the Oskil River and the operation ended in early October. The collapse undermined trust in Russian command and contributed to Russia's partial mobilisation announced on 21 September.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_counteroffensive\nhttps://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/09/10/npr-ukraine-russia-troop-pullback-kharkiv\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/10/analysis-russia-caught-out-by-ukraines-double-offensive", "size": [8.64, 4.32], "position": { "x": 274.65, "y": -124.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-kherson-withdrawal", "name": "Russian withdrawal from the right bank of Kherson", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-11-11", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "Kherson was the only regional capital Russia had captured since February 2022. After Ukrainian HIMARS strikes damaged the Dnipro bridges and weeks of attacks on supply lines, General Sergei Surovikin told Defence Minister Shoigu on 9 November that supplying the city was no longer feasible and recommended pulling back to the east bank. Shoigu approved the order the same day. Ukraine's presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak responded cautiously, saying a withdrawal could not be discussed while Russian troops remained in the city. Russian forces completed the crossing and Ukrainian troops entered Kherson on 11 November. The retreat removed Russia's bridgehead on the west bank of the Dnipro, freed Russian units for other fronts and closed the phase of the two counteroffensives.\n\nhttps://english.aaj.tv/news/amp/30303825\nhttps://apr.org/2022-11-09/russia-says-its-withdrawing-from-the-key-city-of-kherson-but-ukraine-is-skeptical\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_counteroffensive", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 322.245, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-battle-of-bakhmut", "name": "Battle of Bakhmut", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2022-08-01", "End date": "2023-05-20", "Duration days": 292, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Offensive", "Outcome": "Russian territorial gain", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Bakhmut, a salt- and gypsum-mining city in Donetsk Oblast, became the focus of Russia's ground effort after the loss of Lysychansk. Attacks on its outskirts began in July-August 2022 and Wagner Group mercenaries, ex-convicts and later regular troops did most of the assaulting. Russia partly encircled the city on 22 February 2023, Ukraine pulled back east of the Bakhmutka River on 7 March, and Russian forces reached the centre on 6 April. On 20 May Prigozhin proclaimed the city captured; Ukraine disputed that and counterattacked on the flanks. Analysts disagreed about its value: the UK Ministry of Defence and the US National Security Council called it symbolic, while ISW saw a tactical success but an operational failure. The fight also fuelled the feud between Wagner and the Defence Ministry that led to the June mutiny.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut", "size": [7.82, 3.91], "position": { "x": 265.153, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-wagner-mutiny", "name": "Wagner Group mutiny", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-23", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The Wagner Group's leader Yevgeny Prigozhin had feuded for months with Defence Minister Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff Gerasimov over ammunition and credit at Bakhmut, and the ministry had ordered private units to sign contracts with it, which would have ended Wagner's independence. On 23 June 2023 Prigozhin accused the ministry of a missile strike on a Wagner camp, which the ministry denied, and declared an armed “march of justice”. Wagner fighters entered Rostov-on-Don early on 24 June and took the Southern Military District headquarters, and a column advanced toward Moscow. Putin called the revolt “a stab in the back”. After mediation by Belarusian President Lukashenko, Prigozhin halted the advance that evening and the charges were later dropped. Prigozhin died in a plane crash on 23 August 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion\nhttps://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/6/24/russia-ukraine-live-news-russia-accuses-wagner-chief-of-mutiny", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 348.455, "y": -121.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-counteroffensive-2023", "name": "2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2023-06-04", "End date": "2023-11-30", "Duration days": 179, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Counteroffensive", "Outcome": "No major change", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "After winter of building new brigades with Western tanks, vehicles and training, Ukraine began its counteroffensive on 4 June 2023, mainly in Zaporizhzhia Oblast and around Bakhmut. Russia had spent the winter building layered defences, including the Surovikin line, and mined a very large area; Robotyne marked the southern edge of a dense minefield that bogged down Ukrainian armour. Ukraine retook Staromaiorske on 26 July and Robotyne on 23 August and entered Verbove's outskirts on 30 August, but recaptured only 14 villages and about 370 km2 in total, less than Russia gained over 2023. By early December several international outlets described the offensive as stalled. Zaluzhnyi's early-November stalemate interview was widely read as an admission that it had failed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2023/08/22/robotyne-has-been-liberated-according-to-ukrainian-armys-47th-brigade\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "size": [8.5, 4.25], "position": { "x": 351.904, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-hostomel-airport-battle", "name": "Battle for Hostomel airport", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-02-24", "Event kind": "Battle", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "The plan for a quick capture of Kyiv needed an air bridge, and Hostomel (Antonov) airport, about 10 km from the city, was the intended hub. On 24 February 2022 Russian Airborne Forces attacked by helicopter, using roughly 20 to 34 aircraft; the garrison of about 300 National Guard troops shot down at least two helicopters, and a Ukrainian counterattack pushed the paratroopers back by evening. On 25 February Russian mechanised forces from Belarus and a second air assault took the airport. It was too damaged to serve as a functional airstrip, and the world's largest aircraft, the An-225 Mriya, was destroyed in its hangar. Analysts, including the Atlantic Council, argued that the failed air bridge stalled the Russian push on Kyiv. Casualty claims on both sides are disputed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 158.064, "y": -121.39, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-russia-scales-back-kyiv", "name": "Russia says it will cut military activity near Kyiv and Chernihiv", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-03-29", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "By late March 2022 Russia's advance on Kyiv had stalled and its columns were short of supplies. On 29 March, after peace talks in Istanbul at which Ukraine proposed neutrality in exchange for security guarantees, Deputy Defence Minister Alexander Fomin said Russia would “radically, by a large margin, reduce military activity in the Kyiv and Chernihiv directions”, presenting it as a confidence-building step. The Atlantic Council read it as an admission of defeat in the battle for Kyiv and as a shift of focus to Donbas and a possible land bridge to Crimea. The announcement was followed by Russian troop withdrawals from the north and by Ukraine's declaration, on 2 April, that the Kyiv region was retaken.\n\nhttps://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/russia-says-it-will-drastically-cut-military-activity-near-kyiv-chernihiv-327786-2022-03-29\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-in-retreat-putin-appears-to-admit-defeat-in-the-battle-for-kyiv/", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 213.914, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-kyiv-region-retaken", "name": "Ukraine declares the Kyiv region retaken", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-04-02", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "After Russia announced on 29 March 2022 that it would reduce activity near Kyiv and Chernihiv, its troops pulled back from the suburbs and towns north-west and north of the capital. On 2 April Ukrainian authorities announced that the entire Kyiv region had been recaptured; Ukrainian forces regained Hostomel airport by the same date. In Chernihiv Oblast, governor Viacheslav Chaus said on 5 April that the Russians had left but had planted mines in many areas. The recapture ended the battle for Kyiv, showed the scale of Russia's failure in the north, and opened access to towns such as Bucha, where evidence of killings of civilians was found soon after.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3445517-russians-retreating-from-chernihiv-region-local-administration-chief.html", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 229.201, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-izium-kupiansk-retaken", "name": "Ukraine retakes Izium and Kupiansk", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-09-10", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Russia had held Izium, a hub for its northern Donbas operations, since April 2022 and used Kupiansk, a rail junction, to supply troops across north-eastern Ukraine. After the 6 September breakthrough near Balakliia, Ukrainian forces reached both towns by 10 September. Russia's Defence Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov confirmed Russian forces had left Izium, saying the troops would be regrouped to liberate Donbas, while ISW said the Kharkiv gains were eroding trust in Russian command. Izium was the largest settlement retaken in the offensive, with a pre-war population of about 46,000. Reports from the retaken area described about 450 graves near Izium being exhumed and strong shortages of utilities.\n\nhttps://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/09/10/npr-ukraine-russia-troop-pullback-kharkiv\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/national/ukrainians-emerge-from-a-6-month-nightmare-in-newly-liberated-territories\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/10/analysis-russia-caught-out-by-ukraines-double-offensive", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 283.815, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-surovikin-appointed", "name": "Surovikin named commander of Russian forces in Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-10-08", "Event kind": "Appointment", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 33 }, "description": "By early October 2022 Russia had lost most of Kharkiv Oblast and was under pressure around Kherson. On 8 October General Sergei Surovikin, commander of the Aerospace Forces, was named commander of all Russian forces in Ukraine, succeeding Gennady Zhidko. He ordered the building of a defensive line across the south, later called the Surovikin line, and on 18 October said that defending Kherson was “not easy”. On 9 November he recommended withdrawing from the right bank of the Dnipro. He was replaced on 11 January 2023 by Chief of the General Staff Gerasimov. The appointment marked a shift from offensive to defensive operations on the southern front.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_counteroffensive", "size": 4.04, "position": { "x": 297.565, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-shoigu-orders-kherson-withdrawal", "name": "Shoigu orders the withdrawal from Kherson", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-11-09", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Ukrainian strikes on the Dnipro crossings and supply depots had left Russian forces on the west bank in a precarious position. On 9 November 2022, in a televised meeting, General Surovikin told Defence Minister Shoigu that supplying the city of Kherson was no longer feasible and that holding the right bank was “futile”; Shoigu ordered the troops to retreat to the east bank. President Biden said the order showed Russia had “some real problems with the Russian military”, while Ukraine's Mykhailo Podolyak said Ukraine saw no signs that Russia was leaving without a fight. The order started the withdrawal that ended on 11 November with Ukrainian forces entering Kherson.\n\nhttps://apr.org/2022-11-09/russia-says-its-withdrawing-from-the-key-city-of-kherson-but-ukraine-is-skeptical\nhttps://english.aaj.tv/news/amp/30303825", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 307.056, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-prigozhin-ammunition-ultimatum", "name": "Prigozhin threatens to pull Wagner out of Bakhmut", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-05-02", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "By spring 2023 Wagner Group had carried most of the assault on Bakhmut at a heavy cost, while Prigozhin's public criticism of the Defence Ministry grew. In early May he said his forces needed about 300 tonnes of ammunition a day, claimed the ministry supplied only about 10% of what had been promised, denounced Shoigu and Gerasimov, and threatened to withdraw Wagner by 10 May. The threat showed the open feud between a private army and the ministry. Wagner began handing positions to regular troops and DPR militia in late May, and the dispute fed into the Defence Ministry's June demand that private units sign contracts, which led to the mutiny.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 332.844, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-wagner-contract-order", "name": "Defence Ministry orders private units to sign contracts", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-10", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 38 }, "description": "As Wagner pulled out of Bakhmut, the Russian Defence Ministry moved to bring volunteer units under its control. In mid-June 2023, according to the account of the rebellion, the ministry ordered them to sign contracts with it before 1 July, which would have ended Wagner's independence. Prigozhin, who had long feuded with Defence Minister Shoigu and Gerasimov, refused. His refusal and his claim that the ministry had attacked a Wagner rear camp, which the ministry denied, led directly to the armed rebellion of 23-24 June 2023. Sources differ on whether the order dates from 10 June or 10 July in the Wagner timeline; the rebellion article places it on 10 June.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion\nhttps://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion", "size": 4.24, "position": { "x": 342.864, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-wagner-column-turns-back", "name": "Wagner halts its march after Lukashenko's mediation", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-24", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Putin refused to speak with Prigozhin on 24 June 2023, as a Wagner column advanced through Voronezh and Lipetsk oblasts toward Moscow, with the closest reported position about 95 km from the capital. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko said he had negotiated with Prigozhin. Al Jazeera reported that evening that Prigozhin ordered his forces to turn back to their bases “to avoid bloodshed” and would go into exile in Belarus. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the charges against Prigozhin would be dropped and the fighters would not be prosecuted. The rebellion ended after about 23 hours, leaving open questions about the Kremlin's control of its armed forces.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/6/24/russia-ukraine-live-news-russia-accuses-wagner-chief-of-mutiny\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 348.955, "y": -137.39, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-avdiivka-assault-begins", "name": "Russia launches its assault on Avdiivka", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-10-10", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Avdiivka, a fortified town on the edge of Donetsk, had been a Ukrainian strongpoint since 2014. On 10 October 2023, as Ukraine's counteroffensive slowed, Russian forces began an offensive to capture it, with three motor rifle brigades of the 8th Combined Arms Army attacking the northern, western and southern flanks with armoured assault groups, helicopters and artillery. On 11 October Ukraine's General Staff reported 18 combat engagements in the previous 24 hours, and on 12 October ISW assessed that Russia had not secured a major breakthrough. The assault turned into months of attrition that ended with Ukraine's withdrawal on 17 February 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023–2024)", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 369.269, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-ev-zaluzhnyi-stalemate-interview", "name": "Zaluzhnyi tells The Economist the war is at a stalemate", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-11-01", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "As the 2023 counteroffensive failed to break through, Ukraine's Commander-in-Chief General Valerii Zaluzhnyi gave an interview and essay to The Economist, published on 1 November 2023. He said that the war had reached a level of technology that put it in a stalemate, that a deep breakthrough should not be expected, and that breaking the deadlock would need air power, more domestic defence production and new drone, electronic-warfare and demining technology. The remarks caused a public dispute: on 4 November President Zelensky said “This is not a stalemate”. ISW read the essay as an argument about how to restore manoeuvre in a positional war. Zaluzhnyi was replaced by Syrskyi on 8 February 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 379.345, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-op-kherson-counteroffensive", "name": "Kherson counteroffensive", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2022-08-29", "End date": "2022-11-11", "Duration days": 74, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Counteroffensive", "Outcome": "Ukrainian territorial gain", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "Russia held the only regional capital it had captured, Kherson, on the west bank of the Dnipro, and relied on a few bridges to supply it. From July 2022 Ukrainian HIMARS rockets struck the Antonivka road bridge and other crossings, which a Ukrainian spokesman described as preparatory actions. Ukraine announced its counteroffensive on 29 August, advancing slowly and cutting supply lines while Russian reserves were also drawn to the south, and Al Jazeera's analysis read the southern attacks as a feint that helped the Kharkiv breakthrough. On 9 November Russia announced the withdrawal from the right bank, and Ukrainian forces entered Kherson on 11 November. Ukraine said it had retaken 1,170 km2 by 9 October.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_counteroffensive\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/10/analysis-russia-caught-out-by-ukraines-double-offensive", "size": [8.34, 4.17], "position": { "x": 273.991, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-op-krynky-bridgehead", "name": "Ukrainian bridgehead at Krynky", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2023-10-19", "End date": "2024-07-18", "Duration days": 273, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Incursion", "Outcome": "Ukrainian withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "The 2023 counteroffensive in Zaporizhzhia had stalled when Ukrainian marines crossed the Dnipro in Kherson Oblast in October 2023 to open a second front on the left bank. Supplies moved in small boats, without heavy equipment. The village of Krynky was recaptured on 30 October and the foothold became the centre of costly small-unit fighting; ISW and Ukrainian reports through December described advances and fighting near the village. In June 2024 ISW assessed that the bridgehead probably no longer existed, and Ukrainian forces withdrew on 16-18 July 2024. The village had been almost completely submerged after the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in June 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krynky\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/isw-ukraine-continues-advances-on-left-bank-of-dnipro-in-kherson-oblast/\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/12/11/7432501/", "size": [6.34, 3.17], "position": { "x": 374.581, "y": -122.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-dq-prigozhin-march-of-justice", "name": "Prigozhin: a march of justice, not a coup", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-24", "Language": "Russian", "Source URL": "https://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion" }, "description": "On 24 June 2023, as Wagner fighters moved into Rostov-on-Don and a column headed toward Moscow, Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin said his men would not surrender: “This is not a military coup, but a march of justice.” The words are from the Associated Press report, translated from Russian. He accused Defence Minister Shoigu and General Gerasimov of ordering attacks on Wagner camps, which the ministry denied.\n\nhttps://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 355.515, "y": -119.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-dq-zelensky-not-a-stalemate", "name": "Zelensky: This is not a stalemate", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-11-04", "Language": "Ukrainian", "Source URL": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/" }, "description": "On 4 November 2023, at a press conference with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, President Volodymyr Zelensky answered General Zaluzhnyi's Economist interview, which had described the front as being in a stalemate: “This is not a stalemate. Russia controls the sky.” He said air defence and F-16 jets were the way forward and that Ukraine would not negotiate or make concessions. The English wording is Ukrainska Pravda's translation of his Ukrainian remarks.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 386.555, "y": -127.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-zelenskyy-no-stalemate", "name": "Zelenskyy: There is no stalemate, no talks or concessions", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-11-04", "Publisher": "Ukrainska Pravda", "Headline": "Zelenskyy: There is no stalemate, and there will be no talks or concessions", "URL": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Kateryna Tyshchenko" }, "description": "Ukrainska Pravda reported on 4 November 2023 from the press conference at which President Zelenskyy rejected the claim by Commander-in-Chief Zaluzhnyi that the front had reached a stalemate. Zelenskyy said Russia's control of the air was the main obstacle, pointed to air defence and F-16 jets as the way forward and cited the liberation of Kharkiv Oblast as proof that earlier doubts were wrong. He ruled out talks with Russia or concessions and denied that Ukraine's partners were pressing him to negotiate.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/11/04/7427192/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 387.055, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-ukrainian-forces-break-through", "name": "Ukrainian forces break through Russia's front lines in the east", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-09-11", "Publisher": "NPR", "Headline": "Ukrainian forces break through Russia's front lines in the east and retake key towns", "URL": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/09/10/npr-ukraine-russia-troop-pullback-kharkiv", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Elissa Nadworny, Ashley Westerman" }, "description": "NPR reported on 11 September 2022 from Sloviansk that Ukraine's military had broken through Russian lines in the east, with officials claiming about 270 square miles regained, including Izium, Balakliya and Kupiansk. It quoted Kharkiv's regional military head Oleh Syniehubov, Izium's deputy mayor Volodymyr Matsokin (too early to call it liberated), and Russia's defence ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov, who said troops were regrouping to liberate Donbas. It cited an ISW analysis that the gains were eroding trust in Russian command.\n\nhttps://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/09/10/npr-ukraine-russia-troop-pullback-kharkiv", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 291.375, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-wagner-boss-orders-pullback", "name": "Russia-Ukraine updates: Wagner boss orders troops to pull back", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-24", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Russia-Ukraine updates: Wagner boss orders troops to pull back", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/6/24/russia-ukraine-live-news-russia-accuses-wagner-chief-of-mutiny", "Article kind": "Live blog", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Al Jazeera's live blog followed the Wagner mutiny on 24 June 2023 and ended with the news that Yevgeny Prigozhin had ordered his forces, which had been advancing on Moscow, to return to their bases to avoid bloodshed. Under the reported deal he would go into exile in Belarus after Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko said he had negotiated with him. Earlier entries quoted the Kremlin saying that charges against Prigozhin would be dropped and that Putin had called the revolt treason.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/6/24/russia-ukraine-live-news-russia-accuses-wagner-chief-of-mutiny", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 356.365, "y": -137.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-russia-in-retreat", "name": "Russia in retreat: Putin appears to admit defeat in Kyiv", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-03-29", "Publisher": "Atlantic Council", "Headline": "Russia in retreat: Putin appears to admit defeat in the Battle for Kyiv", "URL": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-in-retreat-putin-appears-to-admit-defeat-in-the-battle-for-kyiv/", "Article kind": "Analysis", "Language": "English", "Author": "Peter Dickinson" }, "description": "Peter Dickinson of the Atlantic Council's UkraineAlert argued on 29 March 2022 that Russia's announced pullback from the Kyiv region was the clearest sign yet that the invasion had failed and that Moscow was reframing its aims as a narrower focus on eastern Ukraine. He quoted Deputy Defence Minister Alexander Fomin and retired US Lieutenant General Ben Hodges (“they have completely failed in everything they've set out to do”), and expected Russia to concentrate on Donbas and possibly a land bridge to Crimea while warning the war was far from over.\n\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-in-retreat-putin-appears-to-admit-defeat-in-the-battle-for-kyiv/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 221.624, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-russia-says-withdrawing-kherson", "name": "Russia says it's withdrawing from Kherson, Ukraine skeptical", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-11-09", "Publisher": "NPR", "Headline": "Russia says it's withdrawing from the key city of Kherson, but Ukraine is skeptical", "URL": "https://apr.org/2022-11-09/russia-says-its-withdrawing-from-the-key-city-of-kherson-but-ukraine-is-skeptical", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Jason Beaubien, Charles Maynes" }, "description": "NPR reported on 9 November 2022 that Russia would pull its troops out of Kherson, the regional capital it had held since February, and fall back to the Dnipro's east bank. It quoted Defence Minister Shoigu saying he gave the order on General Surovikin's advice to save soldiers' lives, Ukrainian presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak saying there were no signs Russia was leaving without a fight, and President Biden saying it showed real problems in the Russian military. It noted Ukrainian strikes on the bridges.\n\nhttps://apr.org/2022-11-09/russia-says-its-withdrawing-from-the-key-city-of-kherson-but-ukraine-is-skeptical", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 314.146, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-putin-stab-in-the-back", "name": "Russia's Putin calls Wagner rebellion a stab in the back", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2023-06-24", "Publisher": "AP", "Headline": "Russia's Putin calls Wagner rebellion ‘a stab in the back’", "URL": "https://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "The Associated Press" }, "description": "The Associated Press reported on 24 June 2023 that Putin promised retribution against those behind the armed uprising led by Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin, who had moved his troops from Ukraine to Rostov-on-Don. In a televised address Putin called it a stab in the back and treason, without naming Prigozhin. Prigozhin said his fighters would not surrender, accused Shoigu and Gerasimov of ordering attacks on Wagner camps and called it a march of justice. A Chatham House analyst said the infighting could open an opportunity for Ukraine.\n\nhttps://globalnews.ca/news/9791119/putin-wagner-group-rebellion", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 356.015, "y": -121.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f22-na-russia-cut-activity-kyiv-chernihiv", "name": "Russia says it will drastically cut military activity near Kyiv, Chernihiv", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2022-03-29", "Publisher": "Reuters", "Headline": "Russia says it will drastically cut military activity near Kyiv, Chernihiv", "URL": "https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/russia-says-it-will-drastically-cut-military-activity-near-kyiv-chernihiv-327786-2022-03-29", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Reuters reported on 29 March 2022 that at peace talks in Istanbul Russia pledged to reduce its military operations near Kyiv and in northern Ukraine, while Ukraine proposed permanent neutrality backed by international security guarantees. It quoted Deputy Defence Minister Alexander Fomin promising to “radically, by a large margin, reduce military activity in the Kyiv and Chernihiv directions” and Ukrainian negotiator Oleksander Chaly on a non-bloc, non-nuclear status. It noted the invasion had stalled on most fronts.\n\nhttps://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/russia-says-it-will-drastically-cut-military-activity-near-kyiv-chernihiv-327786-2022-03-29", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 221.764, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-sergei-shoigu", "name": "Sergei Shoigu", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Russian Defence Minister 2012-2024; Secretary of the Security Council from 2024", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2021-04-22", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Sergei Shoigu was Russia's Defence Minister when the full-scale invasion began and, with Chief of the General Staff Gerasimov, the target of Yevgeny Prigozhin's attacks over ammunition at Bakhmut. He announced Russia's capture of Lysychansk to Putin on 3 July 2022, ordered the retreat from the right bank of the Dnipro at Kherson on 9 November 2022 on General Surovikin's recommendation, and in June 2023 oversaw the order that private units sign contracts with the ministry, which triggered the Wagner mutiny. By October 2024 he was Secretary of the Security Council of Russia.\n\nhttps://www.fox13news.com/news/russia-control-lysychansk-eastern-ukraine\nhttps://apr.org/2022-11-09/russia-says-its-withdrawing-from-the-key-city-of-kherson-but-ukraine-is-skeptical\nhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shoigu_2024-10-10.jpg\nPicture: Shoigu 2024-10-10.jpg, Press service of the President of Russia (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shoigu_2024-10-10.jpg", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 109.385, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["036a00e3-924f-4b7c-885e-e3e57ee2ebaa"], "nodeImage": "036a00e3-924f-4b7c-885e-e3e57ee2ebaa" }, { "ID": "uw-p-yevgeny-prigozhin", "name": "Yevgeny Prigozhin", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Founder and owner of the Wagner Group; died 23 August 2023", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-08-01", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Yevgeny Prigozhin founded the Wagner Group and became a public figure of the war by leading the assault on Bakhmut, recruiting fighters from prisons and feuding openly with Defence Minister Shoigu and General Gerasimov over ammunition. He announced the capture of Soledar in January 2023 and of Bakhmut on 20 May 2023. In June 2023 he refused to place Wagner under Defence Ministry contracts and led the armed rebellion of 23-24 June, ending it after mediation by Belarusian President Lukashenko. He died in a plane explosion on 23 August 2023, exactly two months after the rebellion.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut\nPicture: Евгений Пригожин (09-08-2016) (cropped 2).jpg, Mikhail Metsel / TASS, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_(09-08-2016)_(cropped_2).jpg", "size": 3.46, "position": { "x": 275.243, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["f265ac87-b8ec-4547-8dfb-9efff3ea5ed1"], "nodeImage": "f265ac87-b8ec-4547-8dfb-9efff3ea5ed1" }, { "ID": "uw-p-valerii-zaluzhnyi", "name": "Valerii Zaluzhnyi", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 8 February 2024", "Nationality": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2023-06-04", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Valerii Zaluzhnyi was Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the first two years of the war, overseeing the defence of Kyiv, the Kharkiv and Kherson counteroffensives and the 2023 counteroffensive, whose final plan reportedly diverged from the plans drawn up with US officials. In an interview and essay published by The Economist on 1 November 2023 he described a stalemate, which President Zelensky rejected. Zelensky replaced him with Oleksandr Syrskyi on 8 February 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive\nPicture: ValeriiZaluzhnyi-May-2026.jpg, Arno1Mikkor, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ValeriiZaluzhnyi-May-2026.jpg", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 339.154, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["979320e4-bc22-4375-9b7c-c53131d3857b"], "nodeImage": "979320e4-bc22-4375-9b7c-c53131d3857b" }, { "ID": "uw-c-armed-forces-of-ukraine", "name": "Armed Forces of Ukraine", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Armed force", "First appearance": "2014-04-13", "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "The Armed Forces of Ukraine defended against the full-scale invasion from 24 February 2022, holding Kyiv, Chernihiv and Kharkiv, then withdrawing from Mariupol, Sievierodonetsk, Lysychansk and Soledar, and retaking ground at Kharkiv Oblast, Kherson and, in smaller amounts, Zaporizhzhia in 2023. They were led by General Valerii Zaluzhnyi until February 2024. Territorial defence units, National Guard and marines fought alongside regular brigades such as the 72nd Mechanized and 47th Mechanized Brigades.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive", "size": [5, 5], "position": { "x": 61.804, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-russian-armed-forces", "name": "Russian Armed Forces", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Armed force", "First appearance": "2014-02-27", "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "The Russian Armed Forces carried out the invasion from 24 February 2022 on three axes, failed to take Kyiv, then concentrated on Donbas and took Mariupol, Sievierodonetsk, Lysychansk, Soledar and Bakhmut. They were commanded successively by Gennady Zhidko, General Sergei Surovikin (8 October 2022) and Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov (11 January 2023). Russia lost Kharkiv Oblast and Kherson's right bank in autumn 2022, then built the Surovikin line that slowed the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin", "size": [5, 5], "position": { "x": 43.829, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-wagner-group", "name": "Wagner Group", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Armed group", "First appearance": "2022-08-01", "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "The Wagner Group was a Russian private military company led by Yevgeny Prigozhin. In the war it led the assault on Soledar and Bakhmut in 2022-23, recruiting fighters from prisons, and Prigozhin reported 35,000 regular mercenaries plus 50,000 recruited from prisons. Wagner withdrew from Bakhmut from late May 2023 after Prigozhin's public feud with the Defence Ministry, and in June 2023 it rebelled when the ministry demanded that private units sign contracts. After the mutiny of 23-24 June and Prigozhin's death on 23 August, the group's role in Ukraine ended.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion", "size": [4.65, 4.65], "position": { "x": 261.243, "y": -23, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-l-kyiv", "name": "Kyiv", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 50.45, "Longitude": 30.5233, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2014-02-22", "Impact score": 88 }, "description": "Kyiv is Ukraine's capital and was the main objective of Russia's opening offensive in February 2022. Russian paratroopers landed at Hostomel airport on its north-western edge on 24 February and a long column approached from the north, but Ukrainian forces held the city, which Russian troops never entered in force. After Russia announced on 29 March that it would reduce activity there, Ukrainian authorities declared the Kyiv region retaken on 2 April, and evidence of killings of civilians in the suburbs came to light afterwards.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)", "size": 3.83, "position": { "x": 41.198, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-l-kharkiv", "name": "Kharkiv", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 49.9925, "Longitude": 36.2311, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "Kharkiv is Ukraine's second city, about 30 km from the Russian border, and was attacked on the first day of the invasion. Russian forces entered briefly on 27-28 February 2022 but were cut off, and a missile struck Freedom Square on 1 March. Ukrainian forces pushed the front back in May 2022, and in September 2022 the Kharkiv counteroffensive retook most of the surrounding oblast. ISW said on 13 May that Ukraine had likely won the battle of Kharkiv, though shelling continued.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)", "size": 3.62, "position": { "x": 152.064, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-l-mariupol", "name": "Mariupol", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 47.0958, "Longitude": 37.5495, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Mariupol is a port city on the Sea of Azov whose capture gave Russia a land bridge between Crimea and Donbas. It was encircled by 2 March 2022, its theatre was destroyed in an airstrike on 16 March, and the last Ukrainian troops left the Azovstal steelworks by 20 May. Ukrainian officials estimated that about 95% of the city was destroyed, and the UN confirmed 1,348 civilian deaths while saying the true toll was higher. The city has been under Russian control since.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol\nPicture: Вежа взимку.jpg, Mrpl.travel, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 166.564, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["0b0bc000-39ee-4035-9b29-1407b3e1a27b"], "nodeImage": "0b0bc000-39ee-4035-9b29-1407b3e1a27b" }, { "ID": "uw-l-hostomel-airport", "name": "Hostomel Airport", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Facility", "Latitude": 50.6036, "Longitude": 30.1919, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Hostomel (Antonov) Airport lies about 10 km north-west of Kyiv and was the base of Antonov Airlines and the An-225 Mriya, the largest aircraft in the world. Russian paratroopers tried to seize it by helicopter on 24 February 2022 to create an air bridge for troops into Kyiv, were pushed back, and returned with ground forces the next day. The runway was too damaged to use, the An-225 was destroyed, and Ukraine regained the airport by 2 April 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport\nPicture: Gostomel-airport.jpg, Oleksiynaumov, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gostomel-airport.jpg", "size": 2.97, "position": { "x": 159.564, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["1955ec15-28cd-482c-8288-2747c71424c6"], "nodeImage": "1955ec15-28cd-482c-8288-2747c71424c6" }, { "ID": "uw-l-kherson", "name": "Kherson", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 46.6425, "Longitude": 32.625, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-03-02", "Impact score": 78 }, "description": "Kherson is a Dnipro river port and the regional capital of Kherson Oblast, taken by Russian forces on 2 March 2022 and the only regional capital Russia captured. Ukrainian HIMARS strikes on the river crossings in summer 2022 made it hard to supply; Russia announced on 9 November that it would leave the right bank and Ukrainian forces entered the city on 11 November. Russia stays on the opposite bank, and the city has since been under frequent shelling and drone attacks.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_counteroffensive\nPicture: Художній музей Херсон.jpg, Oleg Marchuk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg", "size": 3.67, "position": { "x": 181.057, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["029b0784-48f8-426c-bac9-f835863e3b0a"], "nodeImage": "029b0784-48f8-426c-bac9-f835863e3b0a" }, { "ID": "uw-l-izium", "name": "Izium", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 49.2128, "Longitude": 37.2569, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-09-06", "Impact score": 42 }, "description": "Izium is a river town in Kharkiv Oblast that Russia captured on 1 April 2022 and used as a hub for its northern Donbas offensive. Ukrainian troops retook it on 10 September 2022 during the Kharkiv counteroffensive, after Russia's Defence Ministry confirmed it was pulling out. With a pre-war population of about 46,000 it was the largest settlement retaken in that offensive. Reports from the retaken area described about 450 graves being exhumed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izium\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/national/ukrainians-emerge-from-a-6-month-nightmare-in-newly-liberated-territories\nPicture: Izum Ascension Cathedral Panorama.jpg, D.Rovchak, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Izum_Ascension_Cathedral_Panorama.jpg", "size": 3.01, "position": { "x": 270.33, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c50c1458-ba5d-49be-a2f2-a266530378ce"], "nodeImage": "c50c1458-ba5d-49be-a2f2-a266530378ce" }, { "ID": "uw-ph-09", "name": "Attrition and the fall of Avdiivka", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2023-12-01", "End date": "2024-08-05", "Duration days": 248, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 9 }, "description": "After the 2023 counteroffensive failed to break Russian lines, the war settled into attrition. Ukraine faced a shortage of artillery shells and infantry while Russia kept up pressure with guided bombs and mass infantry assaults. In February 2024 Ukraine's leadership changed (Syrskyi replaced Zaluzhnyi) and Russian forces took Avdiivka, their biggest gain since Bakhmut. In spring Russia opened a new front in Kharkiv Oblast and pushed toward Chasiv Yar, while Ukraine passed a new mobilisation law. The phase ends the day before Ukraine's incursion into Russia's Kursk Oblast.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/russia-claims-full-control-of-avdiivka-says-ukrainian-troops-still-in-town\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/mobilization-in-ukraine-ramps-up-after-law-was-passed-zelensky-says/", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 399.078, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-10", "name": "Kursk incursion and the Pokrovsk drive", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2024-08-06", "End date": "2025-01-19", "Duration days": 166, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 10 }, "description": "On 6 August 2024 Ukrainian forces crossed into Russia's Kursk Oblast in a surprise operation meant to divert Russian forces from the east and to create a bargaining chip. The diversion largely failed: Russia kept advancing in Donetsk Oblast, took Vuhledar in October and approached Pokrovsk. North Korean troops arrived in Russia from October, and by winter fibre-optic drones and a single supply road made Ukraine's Kursk salient hard to hold. The phase runs to the day before Donald Trump's second inauguration, which opened a period of direct US-Russia contacts.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/north-korea-preparing-10-000-soldiers/", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 431.273, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-11", "name": "US policy shift and direct talks", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2025-01-20", "End date": "2025-08-14", "Duration days": 206, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 11 }, "description": "From the start of the second Trump administration the United States pressed for a ceasefire and opened direct talks with Moscow. In March 2025 Washington briefly halted military aid and intelligence sharing, and Russian forces retook Sudzha as Ukraine's Kursk position collapsed; on 26 April Russia declared Kursk Oblast cleared. Russian troops also took Toretsk and pushed toward Chasiv Yar and the Pokrovsk area. The phase ends the day before the Alaska summit between Trump and Putin.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/russia-confirms-north-korean-troops-kursk-rcna203137", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 463.539, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-12", "name": "Alaska summit and peace-plan diplomacy", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2025-08-15", "End date": "2026-02-10", "Duration days": 179, "Ongoing": false, "Phase order": 12 }, "description": "The 15 August 2025 meeting of Trump and Putin in Alaska opened a stretch of peace-plan diplomacy while the ground war continued. Russia launched new pushes toward Dobropillia and Huliaipole, claimed Pokrovsk (1 December), Siversk (11 December) and Huliaipole (27 December), and Ukraine retook part of Kupiansk in December. Ukraine said Russia was exaggerating its gains during negotiations. The phase closes on the day before the start of Ukraine's 2026 counteroffensives, which Wikipedia dates to 11 February 2026.\n\nhttps://novayagazeta.eu/en/articles/2025/12/24/ukraines-military-confirms-withdrawal-from-key-eastern-city-of-siversk-en-news\nhttps://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2025/12/ukraine-says-it-has-regained-ground-from-russian-forces-in-kupiansk.php", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 504.96, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ph-13", "name": "Ukrainian counteroffensives and the fight for the fortress belt", "type": "Phase", "properties": { "Start date": "2026-02-11", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 249, "Ongoing": true, "Phase order": 13 }, "description": "In early February 2026 Ukraine's defence ministry and SpaceX blocked Russian troops from using Starlink, and Ukrainian forces began counteroffensives in eastern Dnipropetrovsk and northeastern Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. Russia meanwhile fought for Kostiantynivka, claiming it on 3 July, and Ukraine denied this. In July a political crisis over Defence Minister Fedorov's dismissal ended with Syrskyi replaced by Drapatyi as commander-in-chief. In September and October Ukraine's Third Army Corps ran Operation Vivaldi near Lyman. DeepState counted only about 787 sq km of Russian gains by 25 August, far below 2025. The phase is ongoing as of 18 October 2026.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2026/02/17/ukraine-is-ramping-up-its-counteroffensive-regaining-territories-from-russian-troops\nhttps://militarnyi.com/en/news/operation-vivaldi-ukrainian-defense-forces-liberate-zelena-dolyna-lypove-and-kolodiazi/", "size": [9.5, 3], "position": { "x": 547.49, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-fall-of-avdiivka", "name": "Ukrainian withdrawal from Avdiivka", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-02-17", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Avdiivka, a fortified town less than 10 km north of Russian-held Donetsk, had been under assault since Russia's offensive began on 10 October 2023. Through the winter Ukrainian troops reported a heavy shortage of artillery shells, which commanders tied to delays in Western aid, while Russian aircraft dropped guided bombs and storm groups pushed through the south and north. On 17 February 2024 the new commander-in-chief, Oleksandr Syrskyi, ordered units out to avoid encirclement and preserve soldiers' lives. Russia called the capture an important victory; it was Russia's largest gain since Bakhmut in May 2023 and showed that Moscow had regained the initiative after the failed 2023 counteroffensive.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/russia-claims-full-control-of-avdiivka-says-ukrainian-troops-still-in-town\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023–2024)", "size": 5.76, "position": { "x": 403.146, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-kharkiv-offensive-2024", "name": "2024 Russian offensive in Kharkiv Oblast", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2024-05-10", "End date": "2024-06-09", "Duration days": 30, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Offensive", "Outcome": "No major change", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "With Ukraine short of ammunition and awaiting Western supplies, Russian forces crossed the border north of Kharkiv on 10 May 2024, aiming at Vovchansk and Lyptsi. Ukrainian officials said Russia had committed over 30,000 troops and was creating a buffer zone along the border; Ukraine's General Staff acknowledged Russian tactical success in Vovchansk. Over the following weeks Ukrainian reinforcements halted the advance short of Kharkiv city: on 8-9 June Zelensky said Russia had failed and US adviser Jake Sullivan said it had stalled. Russia kept several border villages and part of Vovchansk, and the front changed little for the rest of 2024. The end date marks that stall; fighting for Vovchansk continued.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/11/russia-says-it-has-captured-five-villages-in-northeast-ukraine\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/security-council-secretary-over-30-000-russian-troops-attack-kharkiv-oblast/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kharkiv_offensive", "size": [7.44, 3.72], "position": { "x": 417.601, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-kursk-incursion", "name": "Ukrainian incursion into Kursk Oblast", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2024-08-06", "End date": "2025-04-26", "Duration days": 263, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Incursion", "Outcome": "Ukrainian withdrawal", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "After months of Russian advances in Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian forces crossed the border into Russia's Kursk Oblast on 6 August 2024, pushing toward Sudzha. Kyiv wanted to pull Russian units away from the east and later to hold the ground as leverage for negotiations; at its peak Ukraine said it held up to 1,300 sq km. Russia gathered troops for a counterattack from mid-September and, from late 2024, received about 11,000-12,000 North Korean soldiers according to Ukrainian, Western and South Korean reports. Fibre-optic drones cut the single supply road into Sudzha, the US halted aid and intelligence for days in March 2025, and Ukrainian forces left Sudzha on 12-13 March. On 26 April 2025 Russia declared Kursk Oblast cleared; Syrskyi said in August 2025 that Ukrainian units still held positions in the Glushkovo district. The Kyiv Independent concluded the diversion had not stopped the Russian advance in the east.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4022625-ukrainian-forces-maintain-presence-in-russias-kursk-region-syrskyi.html", "size": [8.5, 4.25], "position": { "x": 430.496, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-north-korean-troops", "name": "North Korean troops deployed against Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-10-28", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "North Korea had supplied Russia with shells and ballistic missiles since 2023. In mid-October 2024 Zelensky said Pyongyang was preparing about 10,000 soldiers for Russia's war, and on 28 October NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte confirmed that North Korean troops had been sent to Russia and deployed to Kursk, calling it a significant escalation. Russia needed manpower to retake the Ukrainian-held part of Kursk Oblast. First clashes with Ukrainian forces were reported in early November. On 13 January 2025 South Korea's intelligence service, via a legislator, put North Korean losses at about 300 killed and 2,700 wounded. Russia confirmed the deployment on 26 April 2025 and Pyongyang on 28 April.\n\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_230105.htm\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/north-korea-preparing-10-000-soldiers/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/13/seoul-says-300-north-korean-soldiers-killed-2700-wounded-fighting-ukraine", "size": 5.38, "position": { "x": 429.846, "y": -138.39, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-battle-of-pokrovsk", "name": "Battle of Pokrovsk", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2024-07-18", "End date": "2026-01-28", "Duration days": 559, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Offensive", "Outcome": "Russian territorial gain", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Pokrovsk was Ukraine's logistics hub in western Donetsk Oblast, with a railway and roads supplying the front. Russian forces began the push on 18 July 2024 by entering Prohres, then took Vuhledar-area and Selydove territory and from mid-2025 sent small infiltration groups into the city, using drones to cut Ukrainian supply routes. Russia announced the full capture of Pokrovsk on 1 December 2025 and Ukraine denied it; Zelensky said Ukrainian troops were outnumbered 8 to 1. On 4 and 25 February 2026 the Institute for the Study of War assessed that Russia had taken Myrnohrad and the whole of Pokrovsk, seeing no Ukrainian forces in Pokrovsk since 28 January. Ukraine's General Staff still reports fighting on the Pokrovsk axis nearby in October 2026. The end date is ISW's inference, not an announced event.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4173405-ukraine-reports-264-frontline-clashes-in-past-24-hours-with-heaviest-fighting-in-pokrovsk-and-kostiantynivka-sectors.html", "size": [8.5, 4.25], "position": { "x": 421.526, "y": -125.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-op-kostiantynivka", "name": "Battle of Kostiantynivka", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2025-10-25", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 358, "Ongoing": true, "Operation kind": "Offensive", "Outcome": "Ongoing", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "After taking Toretsk and Chasiv Yar, Russian forces turned to Kostiantynivka, the southern anchor of Donetsk Oblast's fortress belt. First infiltration attempts began in late October 2025; by June 2026 DeepState reported Russian groups pushing deeper into the city while defenders lacked enough infantry. On 3 July 2026 Russia's Defence Ministry announced full capture and Ukraine denied it; Meduza judged on 8 July that neither side held the whole city and Ukraine resupplied southern units mainly by drone. On 18 July Ukraine's Skelia regiment filmed a flag-raising and two of its soldiers were later captured. The fight is ongoing; Ukraine's General Staff still reports it as one of the two busiest axes in October 2026.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/02/8037507/\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/07/08/russia-says-kostiantynivka-has-fallen-kyiv-claims-it-still-holds-the-city-both-are-wrong\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4173405-ukraine-reports-264-frontline-clashes-in-past-24-hours-with-heaviest-fighting-in-pokrovsk-and-kostiantynivka-sectors.html", "size": [7.44, 3.72], "position": { "x": 497.732, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-op-counteroffensives-2026", "name": "2026 Ukrainian counteroffensives", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Start date": "2026-02-11", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 249, "Ongoing": true, "Operation kind": "Counteroffensive", "Outcome": "Ongoing", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "Through January 2026 Russia advanced toward Huliaipole and into eastern Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. From late January or early February Ukrainian Air Assault Forces struck south from the Vovcha river on the Oleksandrivka direction, helped, according to the Institute for the Study of War as cited by Euronews, by the early-February block on Russian use of Starlink. Syrskyi claimed 480 sq km and 12 settlements by 5 April and 600 sq km by 8 June; Zelensky claimed 745 sq km and 26 settlements on 12 August. Russia recaptured some villages in April and the front moved little in summer, with DeepState recording a net Russian loss in August. These figures are Ukrainian claims; Wikipedia dates the start to 11 February.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2026/02/17/ukraine-is-ramping-up-its-counteroffensive-regaining-territories-from-russian-troops\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/04/06/ukraine-takes-back-480-sq-km-near-oleksandrivka-as-russia-pushes-for-dnipropetrovsk-buffer-zone-syrskyi-says/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Ukrainian_counteroffensives", "size": [8.34, 4.17], "position": { "x": 529.813, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-zaluzhnyi-dismissed", "name": "Zelensky replaces Zaluzhnyi with Syrskyi", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-02-08", "Event kind": "Appointment", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Relations between President Zelensky and Commander-in-Chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi had been strained since Zaluzhnyi's November 2023 interview describing a stalemate. On 8 February 2024, as the battle for Avdiivka reached its peak, Zelensky dismissed him and named Oleksandr Syrskyi, until then head of the Ground Forces. Reuters reported Zelensky saying the time had come for changes at the top of the military. Syrskyi took over a front short of shells and infantry, and nine days later ordered the withdrawal from Avdiivka.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 387.04, "y": -137.39, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-sudzha-lost", "name": "Russian forces retake Sudzha", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-03-12", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Sudzha was the main Ukrainian stronghold in Kursk Oblast and the supply hub of the salient, reached by a single road that fibre-optic drones had interdicted. In early March 2025 the US had halted military and intelligence aid for about a week, and Russian forces, supported by North Korean troops, pushed north of the town. DeepState showed Ukraine losing control of Sudzha on 12 March; on 13 March Russia claimed to have captured and cleared it, and Putin visited Kursk. Commander-in-chief Syrskyi said there was no threat of encirclement of Ukrainian units. The loss ended Ukraine's hold on most of the salient.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 463.186, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-kursk-declared-retaken", "name": "Russia declares Kursk Oblast cleared and confirms North Korean role", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-04-26", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After Sudzha fell in March 2025, Russian forces cleared the remaining border villages. On 26 April 2025 Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov reported to Putin that Kursk Oblast had been retaken and, for the first time, publicly credited North Korean military personnel with taking part; Putin said the victory would enable further operations elsewhere. Ukraine said its forces were still fighting in Kursk, and in August Syrskyi said Ukrainian units still held positions in the Glushkovo district. North Korea confirmed the deployment on 28 April.\n\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/russia-confirms-north-korean-troops-kursk-rcna203137\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4022625-ukrainian-forces-maintain-presence-in-russias-kursk-region-syrskyi.html", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 478.059, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-pokrovsk-claim", "name": "Russia says it has fully captured Pokrovsk", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-12-01", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "By autumn 2025 Russian infiltration groups were fighting inside Pokrovsk's ruins and Gerasimov claimed thousands of Ukrainian troops were encircled nearby. On 1 December 2025, shortly before talks with US envoys, Russia's Ministry of Defence announced the full capture of the city; Ukraine's General Staff denied it the next day, and a senior NATO official was quoted as saying over 95 percent had been taken. Zelensky said Ukrainian troops were outnumbered 8 to 1. Wikipedia records a Ukrainian flag-raising on 11 December and Ukrainian positions in northern Pokrovsk on 14 January 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 511.144, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-kostiantynivka-claim", "name": "Russia claims capture of Kostiantynivka", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-07-03", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "As Russian infiltration groups fought inside Kostiantynivka through June 2026, Russia's Defence Ministry announced on 3 July the full capture of the city, and Putin told Trump that Russia held it. Ukraine's General Staff denied this on 4 July and Zelensky called the claim just another Russian lie, suggesting Putin could come to the city if Russia controlled it. Russia then proposed a six-hour local ceasefire to hand over bodies and said Ukraine rejected it. Meduza judged on 8 July that Russia had not fully captured the city but Ukraine did not hold all of it either.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/5/russia-says-ukraine-rejects-local-ceasefire-in-dispute-over-kostiantynivka\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/07/08/russia-says-kostiantynivka-has-fallen-kyiv-claims-it-still-holds-the-city-both-are-wrong", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 550.539, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-fedorov-removed", "name": "Zelensky removes Defence Minister Fedorov", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-07-15", "Event kind": "Appointment", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 14 July 2026 Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko resigned and her cabinet, including Defence Minister Mykhailo Fedorov, was dismissed; Parliament approved Serhii Koretskyi as prime minister but left the defence post unfilled. Fedorov, in office since January 2026 and credited with coordinating long-range drone strikes into Russia, had clashed with Commander-in-Chief Syrskyi; Zelensky said he acted because of that tension. Fedorov said on 15 July that he had been removed. Protests followed in Kyiv and other cities on 16 July under slogans such as Reforms must go on, and a poll cited by Defense News found over 60 percent of Ukrainians opposed the removal. The protests led within a week to Syrskyi's dismissal.\n\nhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-ukraine-protests-defence-minister-mykhailo-fedorov/\nhttps://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2026/07/22/who-is-mykhailo-drapatyi-the-flying-bmp-who-now-leads-ukraines-military/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 584.476, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-ev-syrskyi-replaced", "name": "Zelensky replaces Syrskyi with Drapatyi as commander-in-chief", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-07-21", "Event kind": "Appointment", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "After Defence Minister Fedorov's dismissal, protests spread across Ukraine and demanded Syrskyi's removal; Fedorov had said Syrskyi issued an ultimatum to Zelensky and that his reforms met resistance from the General Staff. Critics pointed to Syrskyi's centralised command style and high losses. On 21 July 2026 Zelensky dismissed Syrskyi, thanking him for the defence of Kyiv, the Kharkiv counteroffensive and the Kursk operation, and named Major General Mykhailo Drapatyi, 43, then Joint Forces commander. On 22 July Ihor Skybiuk became chief of the General Staff. Syrskyi said he handed over an army that was holding and attacking and claimed 270 sq miles retaken that year. Drapatyi ordered an audit of unit staffing.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-zelensky-dismisses-commander-in-chief-syrskyi-amid-widespread-protests/\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/21/zelenskyy-replaces-oleksandr-syrskyi-with-mykhailo-drapatyi-as-ukraines-commander-in-chief\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/ukraine-recaptured-territory-year-outgoing-top-general-rcna588657", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 561.145, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-dq-syrskyi-avdiivka", "name": "Syrskyi on leaving Avdiivka", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-02-17", "Language": "Ukrainian", "Source URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says" }, "description": "Syrskyi's statement announcing the withdrawal on 17 February 2024, as quoted by Al Jazeera. English translation of Ukrainian: I decided to withdraw our units from the town and move to defence from more favourable lines. The withdrawal ended the battle that began with the Russian assault of 10 October 2023. Syrskyi, named commander-in-chief nine days earlier, said the units were pulled out to avoid encirclement and to save soldiers' lives.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 411.006, "y": -127.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-dq-rutte-north-korea", "name": "Rutte on North Korean troops in Russia", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-10-28", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_230105.htm" }, "description": "NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, speaking to reporters on 28 October 2024 after a North Atlantic Council briefing: North Korean troops have been sent to Russia. He called the deployment a dangerous expansion of Russia's war. The remark followed the South Korean intelligence briefing of 23 October and US confirmation of the deployment; North Korean units were then sent to fight in Russia's Kursk Oblast.\n\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_230105.htm", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 437.326, "y": -135.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-oleksandr-syrskyi", "name": "Oleksandr Syrskyi", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Feb 2024 to Jul 2026", "Nationality": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2024-02-08", "Impact score": 88 }, "description": "Oleksandr Syrskyi commanded Ukraine's Ground Forces before replacing Valerii Zaluzhnyi as commander-in-chief on 8 February 2024. He ordered the withdrawal from Avdiivka nine days later, directed the defence against the Kharkiv offensive and the Kursk incursion, and in 2026 claimed gains in the Dnipropetrovsk counteroffensive. Critics accused him of rigid, centralised command and high losses. Zelensky dismissed him on 21 July 2026 after protests over the removal of Defence Minister Fedorov, and Mykhailo Drapatyi succeeded him.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-zelensky-dismisses-commander-in-chief-syrskyi-amid-widespread-protests/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says", "size": 3.83, "position": { "x": 386.54, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["7cbb522b-d455-48cc-8ca6-ad3d28ebd181"], "nodeImage": "7cbb522b-d455-48cc-8ca6-ad3d28ebd181" }, { "ID": "uw-c-north-korea", "name": "North Korea", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2024-10-28", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "North Korea became a direct participant in the war's later phase. It shipped shells and ballistic missiles to Russia, and from October 2024 sent soldiers to Kursk Oblast, which NATO confirmed on 28 October 2024; Russia confirmed on 26 April 2025 and Pyongyang on 28 April. South Korean intelligence reported about 300 killed and 2,700 wounded by January 2025, and Ukraine's intelligence chief said in August 2026 that about 90 soldiers of a North Korean missile brigade were in Voronezh Oblast. The countries opened a road bridge in September 2026.\n\nhttps://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_230105.htm\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_involvement_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war", "size": [4.27, 4.27], "position": { "x": 429.846, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-l-avdiivka", "name": "Avdiivka", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 48.1394, "Longitude": 37.7497, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2023-10-10", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Avdiivka is an industrial town in Donetsk Oblast less than 10 km north of Russian-held Donetsk, with a large coke plant. It was held by separatists briefly in 2014 and retaken by Ukraine, then fortified for eight years and attacked from October 2023. Its pre-war population was about 34,000; about 1,000 remained in February 2024. Ukraine withdrew on 17 February 2024 and Russia controls it.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/russia-claims-full-control-of-avdiivka-says-ukrainian-troops-still-in-town", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 369.269, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-l-pokrovsk", "name": "Pokrovsk", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 48.2819, "Longitude": 37.1761, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2024-07-18", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "Pokrovsk is a city in western Donetsk Oblast that was Ukraine's logistics hub for the eastern front. Its population fell from tens of thousands to about 7,000 in January 2025 and below 1,500 by late July 2025. Russian forces approached from July 2024, fought inside the ruins in autumn 2025, and the Institute for the Study of War judged on 25 February 2026 that Russia had captured the city.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive\nPicture: DonNTU (Pokrovsk) 2021.jpg, Leon II, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DonNTU_(Pokrovsk)_2021.jpg", "size": 3.4, "position": { "x": 417.276, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["df96c96e-e08e-43ed-9388-532038201f4a"], "nodeImage": "df96c96e-e08e-43ed-9388-532038201f4a" }, { "ID": "uw-l-kostiantynivka", "name": "Kostiantynivka", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 48.5277, "Longitude": 37.705, "Control in October 2026": "Contested", "First appearance": "2025-10-25", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "Kostiantynivka is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast and the southern anchor of Ukraine's fortress belt, with Druzhkivka, Kramatorsk and Sloviansk. Russian infiltration began in late October 2025; by April 2026 about 2,500 residents remained. Russia claimed full capture on 3 July 2026 and Ukraine denied it; Meduza judged on 8 July that both sides hold parts of the city. Control is treated as contested.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/02/8037507/\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/07/08/russia-says-kostiantynivka-has-fallen-kyiv-claims-it-still-holds-the-city-both-are-wrong\nPicture: 14 поверхові будинки близнюки (Костянтинівка) (cropped).png, Volodymyr Beketov, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:14_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_%28cropped%29.png", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 494.012, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["f9e7d4d8-95e9-439d-a590-edfcdf027294"], "nodeImage": "f9e7d4d8-95e9-439d-a590-edfcdf027294" }, { "ID": "uw-l-kursk-oblast", "name": "Kursk Oblast", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Region", "Latitude": 51.7, "Longitude": 36.2, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2024-08-06", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Kursk Oblast is a Russian region bordering Ukraine's Sumy Oblast. Ukrainian forces entered it on 6 August 2024 and at their peak said they held up to 1,300 sq km, around the town of Sudzha. North Korean troops were deployed there from late 2024. Russian forces retook Sudzha on 12-13 March 2025 and Russia declared the oblast cleared on 26 April 2025, while Syrskyi said in August 2025 that Ukrainian units still held positions in the Glushkovo district.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4022625-ukrainian-forces-maintain-presence-in-russias-kursk-region-syrskyi.html", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 424.746, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-l-sudzha", "name": "Sudzha", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Town", "Latitude": 51.1914, "Longitude": 35.2711, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2024-08-15", "Impact score": 42 }, "description": "Sudzha is a small Russian town in Kursk Oblast near the Ukrainian border, an entry point for Russian gas transit to Europe before 2025. Ukrainian forces took it in August 2024; Zelensky confirmed its full capture on 15 August 2024, and it became the Ukrainian military administration's centre and supply hub in the salient. Fibre-optic drones interdicted the road, and Russian forces retook it on 12-13 March 2025.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-zelensky-confirms-full-capture-of-russian-town-of-sudzha-in-kursk-oblast/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff\nPicture: Парк им. М.С. Щепкина.JPG, Cusik, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BC._%D0%9C.%D0%A1._%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG", "size": 3.01, "position": { "x": 431.798, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["b4de3141-d7c9-492c-8e9a-324aa1c4e355"], "nodeImage": "b4de3141-d7c9-492c-8e9a-324aa1c4e355" }, { "ID": "uw-k-attrition-warfare", "name": "Attrition warfare", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "First appearance": "2023-12-01", "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "From the end of the 2023 counteroffensive the war became one of attrition: neither side could break the other's line, so both traded space and time for losses. Russia advanced in small infantry groups under guided bombs and drones, taking Avdiivka, Vuhledar, Toretsk, Chasiv Yar and Pokrovsk at great cost; Ukraine relied on drone kill zones and holding positions. The Kyiv Independent wrote on 30 July 2026 that the front was more stable than a year earlier but expected Russia to pursue attrition, perhaps with mass mobilisation.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/analysis-new-commander-in-chief-drapatyi-faces-a-manpower-mess-of-syrskyis-creation/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/russia-claims-full-control-of-avdiivka-says-ukrainian-troops-still-in-town", "size": 3.62, "position": { "x": 392.91, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-avdiivka-claim", "name": "Russia claims capture of Avdiivka after Ukraine withdraws", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-02-17", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Russia claims capture of Avdiivka after Ukraine withdraws from key city", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Al Jazeera reported on 17 February 2024 that Putin called the capture of Avdiivka an important victory after Defence Minister Shoigu briefed him, while Ukraine's new army chief Syrskyi said he had withdrawn units to avoid encirclement. It gave the town's pre-war population (about 34,000, about 1,000 remaining) and noted the battle was compared to Bakhmut.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/ukraine-troops-withdraw-from-frontline-city-of-avdiivka-army-chief-says", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 411.506, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-kharkiv-30000", "name": "Over 30,000 Russian troops involved in attack on Kharkiv Oblast", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-05-14", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "Security council secretary: Over 30,000 Russian troops involved in attack on Kharkiv Oblast", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/security-council-secretary-over-30-000-russian-troops-attack-kharkiv-oblast/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Kateryna Denisova" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent reported on 14 May 2024 that Ukraine's security council secretary told AFP more than 30,000 Russian troops were involved in the Kharkiv offensive, that the General Staff acknowledged Russian tactical success at Vovchansk, and that officials saw no threat to Kharkiv city. It gave an evacuation count of 7,023 civilians.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/security-council-secretary-over-30-000-russian-troops-attack-kharkiv-oblast/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 423.921, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-nk-10000", "name": "North Korea preparing 10,000 soldiers to join Russia's war, Zelensky confirms", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2024-10-17", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "'First step to World War' — North Korea preparing 10,000 soldiers to join Russia's war, Zelensky confirms", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/north-korea-preparing-10-000-soldiers/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Kateryna Denisova" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent reported on 17 October 2024 that Zelensky said North Korea was preparing about 10,000 soldiers for Russia's war after a Western diplomat said they had been sent, called it the first step to a world war, and that Ukrainian military intelligence said some North Korean officers were already in occupied Ukraine.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/north-korea-preparing-10-000-soldiers/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 437.826, "y": -138.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-kursk-recapture", "name": "Russian forces recapture Kursk, raising questions about US-Ukraine cutoff", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-03-13", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Russian forces recapture Kursk, raising questions about US-Ukraine cutoff", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "John T Psaropoulos" }, "description": "Al Jazeera's John T Psaropoulos reported on 13 March 2025 that Russian forces had retaken ground north of Sudzha, that Putin visited Kursk, and that a Ukrainian source told Time the US halt of military and intelligence aid had been key. It quoted Syrskyi saying there was no threat of encirclement and noted Europe moved to replace US intelligence and Starlink.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/13/russian-forces-recapture-kursk-raising-questions-about-us-ukraine-cutoff", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 470.746, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-kursk-gambit", "name": "The rise and fall of Ukraine's Kursk gambit", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-04-01", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "The rise and fall of Ukraine's Kursk gambit", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/", "Article kind": "Analysis", "Language": "English", "Author": "Asami Terajima" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent's Asami Terajima assessed on 1 April 2025 that the Kursk incursion had not diverted Russian forces from Donetsk, that its aim shifted to a bargaining chip, and that fibre-optic drones, North Korean troops and a single supply road made withdrawal inevitable. It cited Oryx on equipment losses and analyst Michael Kofman's doubts.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-ukraines-kursk-gambit/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 437.346, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-russia-confirms-nk", "name": "Russia confirms North Korean troops are in Ukraine and claims Kursk region is retaken", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-04-26", "Publisher": "NBC News", "Headline": "Russia confirms North Korean troops are in Ukraine and claims Kursk region is retaken", "URL": "https://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/russia-confirms-north-korean-troops-kursk-rcna203137", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Astha Rajvanshi" }, "description": "NBC News reported on 26 April 2025 that Gerasimov told Putin North Korean personnel had helped retake Kursk Oblast, the first Russian acknowledgement, and that Putin said the victory would enable operations elsewhere. It added that Ukraine had not responded and cited South Korean reports of more than 11,000 North Korean troops.\n\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/russia-confirms-north-korean-troops-kursk-rcna203137", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 485.469, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-kursk-presence", "name": "Ukrainian forces maintain presence in Russia's Kursk region – Syrskyi", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2025-08-06", "Publisher": "Ukrinform", "Headline": "Ukrainian forces maintain presence in Russia's Kursk region – Syrskyi", "URL": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4022625-ukrainian-forces-maintain-presence-in-russias-kursk-region-syrskyi.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Ukrinform reported on 6 August 2025 that Syrskyi, on the incursion's first anniversary, said Ukrainian forces still held positions in the Glushkovo district, that Ukraine had controlled up to 1,300 sq km at the peak, and that Russia lost over 77,000 troops in Kursk, about 4,000 of them North Korean. These are his claims.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4022625-ukrainian-forces-maintain-presence-in-russias-kursk-region-syrskyi.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 437.346, "y": -127.39, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-480-sq-km", "name": "Ukraine takes back 480 sq km near Oleksandrivka as Russia pushes for Dnipropetrovsk buffer zone", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-04-06", "Publisher": "Euromaidan Press", "Headline": "Ukraine takes back 480 sq km near Oleksandrivka as Russia pushes for Dnipropetrovsk \"buffer zone\" – Syrskyi says", "URL": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/04/06/ukraine-takes-back-480-sq-km-near-oleksandrivka-as-russia-pushes-for-dnipropetrovsk-buffer-zone-syrskyi-says/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Maria Tril" }, "description": "Euromaidan Press reported on 6 April 2026 that Syrskyi said Ukraine had recaptured 480 sq km and 12 settlements (eight in Dnipropetrovsk, four in Zaporizhzhia Oblast) since late January, that Russia aimed at a buffer zone, recorded 64 attacks in a week, and was regrouping. The figures are Syrskyi's.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/04/06/ukraine-takes-back-480-sq-km-near-oleksandrivka-as-russia-pushes-for-dnipropetrovsk-buffer-zone-syrskyi-says/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 536.583, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-fedorov-protest", "name": "Ukrainians take to the streets to protest dismissal of defence minister", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-07-16", "Publisher": "The Globe and Mail", "Headline": "Ukrainians take to the streets to protest dismissal of defence minister", "URL": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-ukraine-protests-defence-minister-mykhailo-fedorov/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Paul Waldie" }, "description": "The Globe and Mail's Paul Waldie reported on 16 July 2026 that protesters rallied in several cities against Fedorov's removal, that the crisis began when Prime Minister Svyrydenko resigned and her cabinet was dismissed, that Koretskyi was approved as prime minister, and that Zelensky cited tension between Fedorov and Syrskyi.\n\nhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-ukraine-protests-defence-minister-mykhailo-fedorov/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 592.036, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-drapatyi-second-chance", "name": "New Ukrainian commander-in-chief Mykhailo Drapatyi offers 'second chance' for army reforms, military experts tell The Insider", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-07-23", "Publisher": "The Insider", "Headline": "New Ukrainian commander-in-chief Mykhailo Drapatyi offers \"second chance\" for army reforms, military experts tell The Insider", "URL": "https://theins.press/en/news/295247", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "The Insider reported on 23 July 2026 that Skybiuk replaced Hnatov as chief of the General Staff, that Fedorov said he had proposed removing Syrskyi and Hnatov and met resistance, and that retired colonel Oleh Zhdanov called Drapatyi a second chance for reform, warning that change would be slow.\n\nhttps://theins.press/en/news/295247", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 568.705, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-f24-na-clashes-oct-12", "name": "Ukraine reports 264 frontline clashes in past 24 hours, with heaviest fighting in Pokrovsk and Kostiantynivka sectors", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Front line", "Date": "2026-10-12", "Publisher": "Ukrinform", "Headline": "Ukraine reports 264 frontline clashes in past 24 hours, with heaviest fighting in Pokrovsk and Kostiantynivka sectors", "URL": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4173405-ukraine-reports-264-frontline-clashes-in-past-24-hours-with-heaviest-fighting-in-pokrovsk-and-kostiantynivka-sectors.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Ukrinform reported on 12 October 2026 the General Staff's daily count of 264 clashes, the heaviest at Pokrovsk (36 attacks) and Kostiantynivka (32), with 238 guided bombs and 8,985 kamikaze drones used, and the settlements attacked on each axis. Figures are Ukrainian General Staff claims.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4173405-ukraine-reports-264-frontline-clashes-in-past-24-hours-with-heaviest-fighting-in-pokrovsk-and-kostiantynivka-sectors.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 504.052, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-w-javelin", "name": "FGM-148 Javelin", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Anti-tank missile", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 48 }, "description": "The Javelin is a US-made, fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile that attacks armour from above. Before the full-scale invasion the US and allies shipped Javelins to Ukraine, and in the first weeks of the invasion Ukrainian infantry used them against Russian columns approaching Kyiv and other cities. The missiles let small teams destroy tanks and armoured vehicles from concealed positions, which helped blunt the initial Russian advance. Their heavy use drew down Western stocks: a CSIS commentary of April 2022 said the US had already supplied about a third of its Javelin inventory, and the manufacturer promised to raise output. The exact day of the first Ukrainian combat firing is not documented; it is set to the first day of the invasion.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGM-148_Javelin\nhttps://taskandpurpose.com/analysis/ukraine-javelin-stinger-missiles-russia/", "size": 3.14, "position": { "x": 153.064, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["8656191e-d389-4720-99a3-83f69460837e"], "nodeImage": "8656191e-d389-4720-99a3-83f69460837e" }, { "ID": "uw-w-nlaw", "name": "NLAW", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Anti-tank missile", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United Kingdom", "First use in war": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 38 }, "description": "The NLAW (Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon) is a short-range, shoulder-fired anti-tank missile developed in the UK and Sweden. In January 2022, as Russian forces massed near Ukraine, the UK flew in 2,000 NLAWs; by mid-March 2022 the UK said more than 4,000 had been delivered and on 24 March it pledged 6,000 more. Ukrainian infantry used them in ambushes against Russian armour in the opening weeks, and a Ukrainian officer called the NLAW his troops' weapon of choice. Its low weight and simple training made it the most numerous advanced guided anti-tank missile in Ukrainian hands by April 2022. The first documented firing is not dated; the first day of the invasion is used.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLAW\nhttps://news.sky.com/story/russia-invasion-fears-as-britain-sends-2-000-anti-tank-weapons-to-ukraine-12520950", "size": 2.93, "position": { "x": 159.564, "y": -152.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-himars", "name": "M142 HIMARS", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Rocket artillery", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2022-06-24", "Impact score": 82 }, "description": "The M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System is a US truck-mounted launcher for guided rockets with a range of about 80 km. Ukraine asked for long-range precision fires through spring 2022 as Russian artillery out-ranged Ukrainian guns in Donbas. The US approved four HIMARS in a USD 700 million package on 1 June 2022, Ukrainian crews trained in early June, and Defence Minister Reznikov announced on 23 June that the first launchers were at the front; first combat footage followed on 24 June and Commander-in-Chief Zaluzhnyi confirmed they were in action on 25 June. They allowed Ukraine to hit ammunition depots and command posts far behind the line, and later fired ATACMS missiles.\n\nhttps://mezha.media/en/2022/06/24/the-first-combat-application-of-himars-in-ukraine\nhttps://oboronka.mezha.ua/en/2022/06/23/hot-summer-for-occupiers-the-first-m142-himars-systems-are-already-in-ukraine/amp/", "size": 3.74, "position": { "x": 260.749, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["0c1b215f-71b2-4cc6-9478-da7c677f84e0"], "nodeImage": "0c1b215f-71b2-4cc6-9478-da7c677f84e0" }, { "ID": "uw-w-leopard-2", "name": "Leopard 2", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Main battle tank", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Germany", "First use in war": "2023-06-08", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "The Leopard 2 is Germany's main battle tank, operated by many European armies. After weeks of debate, Berlin and Washington agreed in January 2023 to send main battle tanks to Ukraine, and Poland, Portugal, Germany and others supplied Leopard 2A4 and 2A6 tanks (about 54 2A4s had arrived by July 2023). Ukraine began fielding them in June 2023 for the counteroffensive in Zaporizhzhia Oblast; the earliest dated engagement is 8 June 2023, when drone footage showed several Leopard 2s hit during attacks near Novopokrovka and Mala Tokmachka. Mines, anti-tank missiles and drones took a heavy toll; Oryx counted at least 24 Ukrainian Leopard 2s destroyed by July 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_2", "size": 3.4, "position": { "x": 346.214, "y": -166.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-bradley", "name": "M2 Bradley", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Infantry fighting vehicle", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2023-06-01", "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "The M2 Bradley is the US infantry fighting vehicle. The Pentagon confirmed 50 Bradleys on 5 January 2023 in a USD 3 billion package, with 59 more added later that month, and the first arrived in Ukraine in April 2023. Ukraine first used them in combat in early June 2023, in the counteroffensive in Zaporizhzhia Oblast; Russian drone footage on 8 June showed damaged Bradleys. Soldiers of the 47th Brigade told ABC News that the vehicle's armour protected them from mines, artillery and drones in the first days, and that crews often recovered disabled vehicles for repair. Oryx counted 185 Ukrainian Bradleys lost by November 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_Bradley\nhttps://www.twz.com/bradley-fighting-vehicles-have-officially-arrived-in-ukraine\nhttps://abcnews.com/International/ukrainian-soldiers-owe-lives-us-supplied-bradley-vehicles/story?id=100479782", "size": 3.08, "position": { "x": 340.456, "y": -151.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-patriot", "name": "MIM-104 Patriot", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Air defence", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2023-05-04", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "The Patriot is the US long-range surface-to-air missile system. Through winter 2022-23 Russia struck Ukraine's cities and grid with cruise and ballistic missiles that Soviet-era air defences could not reliably stop, and Western leaders agreed to supply Patriots, with the first deliveries from the US, Germany and the Netherlands arriving in late April 2023. Ukraine's air force said the new system shot down a Russian Kinzhal missile over Kyiv on the night of 4 May 2023, the first known Ukrainian use of the Patriot and the first interception of a Kinzhal. Later, supply shortages and Russian missile modifications reduced interception rates, and in July 2026 the Ukrainian air force said it could not stop ballistic missiles on Kyiv because of a Patriot shortage.\n\nhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/ukraine-says-it-downed-russian-hypersonic-missile-with-u-s-patriot-defense-system\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 341.847, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["518451ee-5a37-44e9-b558-53d173d91f18"], "nodeImage": "518451ee-5a37-44e9-b558-53d173d91f18" }, { "ID": "uw-w-iris-t-slm", "name": "IRIS-T SLM", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Air defence", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Germany", "First use in war": "2022-10-19", "Impact score": 48 }, "description": "IRIS-T SLM is a German medium-range surface-to-air missile system. After the Russian missile barrages of early October 2022 hit Kyiv and other cities, Germany said it would speed up delivery of its first IRIS-T launcher; evidence of it in action near Kyiv appeared within days, with a missile fragment found in the capital's woods on 19 October 2022. The system's guided missiles intercepted cruise missiles and drones, and Ukraine's air force commander later said IRIS-T units had destroyed more than 60 air targets since October 2022. Ukraine became the only country to have used the system in combat. Germany delivered further batteries in 2023-2025.\n\nhttps://aircosmosinternational.com/article/ukraine-s-missile-defense-system-makes-a-splash-with-the-iris-t-3474\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS-T", "size": 3.14, "position": { "x": 296.561, "y": -165.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-nasams", "name": "NASAMS", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Air defence", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Norway", "First use in war": "2022-11-15", "Impact score": 42 }, "description": "NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System) is a Norwegian-US medium-range air defence system. The US announced NASAMS for Ukraine on 1 July 2022 in an USD 820 million package, and the first batteries arrived in early November 2022, as Russia stepped up missile strikes on Ukraine's energy grid. The earliest documented combat performance is the Russian missile barrage of 15 November 2022, when the Pentagon said the system had a 100 percent success rate and President Zelensky said it shot down 10 of 10 targeted missiles. NASAMS thereafter formed a layer of Ukraine's air defence alongside Patriot, IRIS-T and Gepard.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAMS\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/12/16/7433377/\nPicture: Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System.jpg, Soldatnytt, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Norwegian_Advanced_Surface_to_Air_Missile_System.jpg", "size": 3.01, "position": { "x": 304.649, "y": -150.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["7d6a86dc-0b6a-459a-bcf9-55a6d05c34d8"], "nodeImage": "7d6a86dc-0b6a-459a-bcf9-55a6d05c34d8" }, { "ID": "uw-w-gepard", "name": "Gepard", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Air defence", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Germany", "First use in war": "2022-10-18", "Impact score": 33 }, "description": "The Gepard is a German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun with two 35 mm cannon, retired by the Bundeswehr and sold to Ukraine. Germany approved the transfer of about 50 refurbished vehicles on 26 April 2022, the first three arrived on 25 July 2022, and 30 were delivered by the end of September. When Russia began using Iranian-designed Shahed drones from September 2022, the Gepard proved cheap and effective against slow, low-flying targets, and one unit is credited with more than ten Shaheds and two cruise missiles. The earliest dated engagement is 18 October 2022, when Conflict Intelligence Team judged a Gepard likely destroyed a Kh-101 over Kyiv. All 52 pledged vehicles were delivered by December 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugabwehrkanonenpanzer_Gepard\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136\nPicture: 010 FZD 030.jpg, Maverikkk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:010_FZD_030.jpg", "size": 2.81, "position": { "x": 296.212, "y": -152.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["0c8db4bd-badb-46b4-a95d-0b0c31bc6833"], "nodeImage": "0c8db4bd-badb-46b4-a95d-0b0c31bc6833" }, { "ID": "uw-w-f-16", "name": "F-16 Fighting Falcon", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Combat aircraft", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2024-08-26", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "The F-16 is the US-designed multirole fighter that Ukraine sought from 2022 and that a coalition led by the Netherlands and Denmark agreed to supply in 2023. The first jets arrived in summer 2024, with Zelensky welcoming them on 4 August. On 27 August 2024 he said F-16s had been used to shoot down Russian missiles and drones during the large strike on the power grid the previous day, when Ukraine said it downed 102 of 127 missiles and 99 of 109 drones. The aircraft mainly flies air defence and carries Western air-to-air missiles; by October 2026 a report cited by the Atlantic Council said about half the fleet might be grounded for maintenance.\n\nhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/38047\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/jet-drones-are-putins-secret-weapon-as-he-seeks-to-break-ukraine/", "size": 3.4, "position": { "x": 432.44, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["f8488f3c-cd36-42c3-882e-5c8bfe4a2034"], "nodeImage": "f8488f3c-cd36-42c3-882e-5c8bfe4a2034" }, { "ID": "uw-w-atacms", "name": "ATACMS", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Ballistic missile", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2023-10-17", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "The MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System is a US surface-to-surface ballistic missile fired from HIMARS and M270 launchers. Kyiv had asked for it since 2022, and Washington held back over fears of escalation; unnamed US officials told CNN on 17 October 2023 that Ukraine had used ATACMS for the first time, against Russian airfields at Luhansk and Berdiansk, reportedly destroying nine helicopters. The first missiles were the shorter-range cluster-munition type, about 160 km. After US approval on 17 November 2024, ATACMS struck targets inside Russia from 19 November. On 24 February 2026 Ukraine fired ATACMS at a Russian army command post in Donetsk Oblast.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-uses-atacms-in-strikes-against-russia-first-time-missiles-used-in-battle/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-140_ATACMS", "size": 3.4, "position": { "x": 368.809, "y": -153.08, "z": 0 }, "images": ["960c8671-ab37-45ac-9bb9-e7dcff0c2f4c"], "nodeImage": "960c8671-ab37-45ac-9bb9-e7dcff0c2f4c" }, { "ID": "uw-w-storm-shadow", "name": "Storm Shadow", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Cruise missile", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "United Kingdom", "First use in war": "2023-05-13", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Storm Shadow (SCALP-EG in France) is an Anglo-French air-launched cruise missile with a range of about 250 km. Ukraine had asked for longer-range weapons in 2022, and on 11 May 2023 UK Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said London had sent Storm Shadows to Ukraine. First evidence of use appeared around 13 May and, on 24 May 2023, Ukrainian Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov confirmed at a Kyiv briefing with Wallace that Ukrainian pilots were already using them; Russia attributed a 21 May strike on Berdiansk to the missiles. They hit the Black Sea Fleet headquarters in Sevastopol on 22 September 2023 and, from 20 November 2024, targets inside Russia.\n\nhttps://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/05/24/ukraine-confirms-use-of-british-storm-shadow-missiles-for-first-time-en-news\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/military-russian-black-sea-fleet-commander-33-other-officers-killed-in-sevastopol-strike/", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 333.753, "y": -150.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-neptune", "name": "R-360 Neptune", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Cruise missile", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Ukraine", "First use in war": "2022-04-13", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "The R-360 Neptune is a Ukrainian-designed subsonic anti-ship cruise missile, developed from the Soviet Kh-35 and fielded in 2021. It entered the war in April 2022 when Ukraine said two Neptunes hit the cruiser Moskva on 13 April; Russia first said an ammunition fire had caused the damage, and a senior US official later confirmed the two-missile hit. The missile became Ukraine's main answer to Russian warships in the Black Sea and was later adapted for land attack, notably against an S-400 radar at Cape Tarkhankut in August 2023, and, as 'Long Neptune', claimed to reach 1,000 km in 2025. An earlier claim of a Neptune hit on the frigate Admiral Essen on 3 April 2022 is unconfirmed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-360_Neptune\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 225.423, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-sea-baby", "name": "Sea Baby", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Naval drone", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Ukraine", "First use in war": "2023-07-17", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "Sea Baby is a Ukrainian uncrewed surface vessel developed by the Security Service (SBU) in 2022. Ukraine lacked a conventional navy able to challenge the Black Sea Fleet, so the SBU built explosive-laden boats that travel at speed to ships and ports. The earliest documented attack is the 17 July 2023 strike on the Crimean Bridge, where two Sea Babys damaged a span; SBU chief Vasyl Maliuk also credited the drones with hitting the landing ship Olenegorsky Gornyak off Novorossiysk in August 2023. In December 2025 the SBU said a Sub Sea Baby underwater drone hit a Russian submarine at Novorossiysk, a claim Russia denied.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Baby\nhttps://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/12/ukraine-strikes-russian-submarine-with-sub-sea-baby-drone/", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 356.347, "y": -151.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-magura-v5", "name": "Magura V5", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Naval drone", "Used by": "Ukraine", "Origin": "Ukraine", "First use in war": "2023-11-01", "Impact score": 42 }, "description": "The Magura V5 is a Ukrainian uncrewed surface vessel built for the military intelligence directorate HUR, publicly shown in July 2023. Ukraine used boat drones against the Black Sea Fleet from the October 2022 raid on Sevastopol, and the V5 became the HUR's main version. Its earliest combat use described is November 2023 at Chornomorske, where two landing craft were destroyed. On 1 February 2024 Magura drones sank the missile corvette Ivanovets near Lake Donuzlav, on 14 February 2024 the landing ship Tsezar Kunikov, and on 5 March 2024 the patrol ship Sergey Kotov near the Kerch Strait; HUR said seven crew died on the Kotov. Ukraine's navy chief said the fleet then left Sevastopol.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGURA_V5\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/03/4/7444793/", "size": 3.01, "position": { "x": 368.845, "y": -163.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-shahed-136", "name": "Shahed-136", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Long-range strike drone", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "Iran", "First use in war": "2022-09-13", "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "The Shahed-136 is an Iranian delta-wing, propeller-driven one-way attack drone with a range estimated at 1,350 to 1,500 km and a unit cost of about USD 20,000 to 30,000. After Iran supplied the drones in 2022 and Russia and Iran agreed in November 2022 on Russian manufacture, Russia began using them as the Geran-2; Ukraine's military said it shot down the first on 13 September 2022 near Kupiansk. Russia later assembled them at Alabuga in Tatarstan and by 2025 launched thousands a month. Cheap mass attacks forced Ukraine to build layered defences with guns, mobile fire groups, interceptor drones and fighters.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136\nhttps://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russias-iranian-made-uavs-technical-profile\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/drone-saturation-russias-shahed-campaign\nPicture: 2023 IRGC Aerospace Force achievements Exhibition in Qom (33).jpg, Mohammadreza Jabbari, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2023_IRGC_Aerospace_Force_achievements_Exhibition_in_Qom_(33).jpg", "size": 3.62, "position": { "x": 285.832, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "images": ["d5ff079f-c41e-462e-93df-a2d9e36159ad"], "nodeImage": "d5ff079f-c41e-462e-93df-a2d9e36159ad" }, { "ID": "uw-w-iskander", "name": "9K720 Iskander", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Ballistic missile", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "Russia", "First use in war": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 30 }, "description": "The 9K720 Iskander is Russia's short-range ballistic missile system, using a road-mobile launcher for 9M723 ballistic and 9M728 cruise missiles with a range of 400 to 500 km. It formed part of the opening missile barrage on 24 February 2022 against Ukrainian airfields, air defences and command posts, and was later used against cities and military sites across the country, often with decoys and manoeuvring warheads that challenged Ukrainian air defence. Ukraine has repeatedly hit Iskander launchers and storage sites in Crimea and Russia: in February and March 2026 its forces reported destroying launchers and bunkers near Simferopol. The first-use date is set to the first day of the invasion and is not sourced to a dated report.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_January_2026_%E2%80%93_31_May_2026)", "size": 2.73, "position": { "x": 159.564, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-kalibr", "name": "Kalibr", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Cruise missile", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "Russia", "First use in war": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Kalibr is a family of Russian ship- and submarine-launched cruise missiles with ranges of up to about 2,500 km. The Black Sea Fleet used them against Ukraine from the start of the invasion, firing from ships and Kilo-class submarines such as the Kolpino, which also launched Kalibrs at Syria in 2017. Sevastopol was the fleet's main storage and loading site for these missiles, so Ukrainian strikes on Sevastopol and its move to Novorossiysk in 2024 disrupted Russian cruise-missile operations, according to Ukraine's navy chief. In December 2025 the SBU said an underwater drone hit a Kilo-class submarine at Novorossiysk; the UK Ministry of Defence judged it likely to be the Kolpino. First use is set to 24 February 2022 and is not sourced to a dated report.\n\nhttps://militarnyi.com/en/news/osint-by-paint-submarine-struck-by-ukrainian-underwater-drone-identified-as-b-271-kolpino/\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2024/07/09/russia-is-losing-crimean-hub-in-black-sea-says-ukrainian-navy-chief/", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 166.064, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-kh-101", "name": "Kh-101", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Cruise missile", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "Russia", "First use in war": "2022-03-06", "Impact score": 46 }, "description": "The Kh-101 is a Russian air-launched stealthy cruise missile with a range of over 2,500 km, carried by Tu-95MS and Tu-160 bombers. Ukraine's air force reported the earliest dated use on 6 March 2022, when eight missiles launched from over the Black Sea hit the airfield at Vinnytsia. Kh-101s later formed the core of Russia's large strikes on cities and the power grid; one hit the Okhmatdyt children's hospital in Kyiv on 8 July 2024, according to the UN monitoring mission's assessment, and one hit an apartment building in Ternopil on 19 November 2025. Ukraine's strike on bombers in Operation Spiderweb targeted aircraft that carry the missile.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3422140-missile-strikes-on-vinnytsia-airfield-launched-from-black-sea.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-101\nhttps://www.twz.com/air/firm-evidence-of-russian-aircraft-losses-after-ukrainian-drone-strikes", "size": 3.1, "position": { "x": 192.976, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-oreshnik", "name": "Oreshnik", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Ballistic missile", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "Russia", "First use in war": "2024-11-21", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "The Oreshnik is a Russian intermediate-range ballistic missile with multiple reentry vehicles, which the Pentagon describes as experimental and based on the RS-26 Rubezh. Russia fired the first on 21 November 2024 at the Pivdenmash plant in Dnipro, days after the US allowed ATACMS strikes inside Russia; Putin called it a response and claimed a speed of about Mach 10, while Ukraine later said the warheads were inert. A second struck the Lviv region on 8 January 2026 and two were launched on 24 May 2026, one hitting garages at Bila Tserkva. Analysts such as Konrad Muzyka and Pavel Podvig see the strikes mainly as signalling, because kinetic penetrators with no explosive charge do little ground damage; Russia deployed the system to Belarus.\n\nhttps://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2026/01/09/russias-use-of-its-hypersonic-missile-in-western-ukraine-is-seen-as-a-warning-to-kyivs-allies\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-missile-oreshnik-kinetic-strike-war-invasion/33766001.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreshnik_(missile)", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 435.497, "y": -165.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-kn-23", "name": "KN-23", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Ballistic missile", "Used by": "Russia", "Origin": "North Korea", "First use in war": "2023-12-30", "Impact score": 38 }, "description": "The KN-23 (Hwasong-11A) is a North Korean short-range ballistic missile resembling the Russian Iskander. US intelligence indicated North Korean transfers from October 2023, and Conflict Armament Research documented debris from Russian attacks on 30 December 2023 matching Hwasong-11 control-vane rings; the White House said on 4 January 2024 that Russia had used North Korean missiles, and a missile hit Kharkiv on 2 January. Ukrainian sources said about half failed in 2024, but a Ukrainian official in February 2025 reported a marked accuracy gain, with a CEP of 50 to 100 m. Its low or high trajectories challenge Patriot interception. The supply preceded North Korea's troop deployment to Russia in late 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KN-23", "size": 2.93, "position": { "x": 394.6, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-w-starlink", "name": "Starlink", "type": "Weapon system", "properties": { "Weapon class": "Communications", "Used by": "Both", "Origin": "United States", "First use in war": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Starlink is the SpaceX satellite internet service. After Russia's cyber attack on Viasat's KA-SAT network on the invasion's first day, Ukrainian officials asked SpaceX on 26 February 2022 to activate Starlink, and the first terminals arrived on 28 February. About 5,000 terminals had arrived by April 2022 and more than 20,000 by August; Poland, Germany and others later paid for more. Starlink linked front-line units, drones and artillery. Russian forces obtained terminals through third countries, and in May 2024 the Pentagon said it was blocking Russian use. On 1 February 2026 SpaceX disabled all terminals not on a Ukrainian whitelist, which disrupted Russian military communications, and on 14 October 2026 Starshield speed limits were reported.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/bloomberg-pentagon-blocks-russian-military-from-accessing-starlink-in-ukraine/", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-drone-kill-zone", "name": "Drone kill zone", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "First appearance": "2023-06-01", "Impact score": 72 }, "description": "A drone kill zone is the belt along the front, up to about 20 km deep, where FPV and bomber drones watch and hit anything that moves. It formed as both sides filled the front with cheap drones in 2023-2024, once artillery and armour could no longer mass without being seen. AP reported in August 2025 that medics in the Pokrovsk area had not treated gunshot wounds for months, that evacuations were slower and that mortality among the wounded rose; a Russian military medical survey of over 6,000 wounded put drones behind as much as 75 percent of Russian casualties. The result is thin, dispersed infantry, tiny infiltration groups and slow offensives, with robots and drones taking logistics and evacuation tasks.\n\nhttps://www.adn.com/nation-world/2025/08/17/high-tech-drones-turn-ukraines-front-line-into-a-deadly-kill-zone-complicating-evacuations/\nhttps://www.kyivpost.com/amp/post/49712", "size": 3.58, "position": { "x": 338.456, "y": -165.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-deep-strike", "name": "Long-range strikes into Russia", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "First appearance": "2022-12-05", "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "Long-range strikes into Russia are Ukraine's use of drones, missiles and boats to hit military and industrial targets far behind the front. The campaign began with attacks on bomber bases at Engels and Dyagilevo on 5 December 2022 and expanded in early 2024 with strikes on Ust-Luga, Saint Petersburg and Tuapse. Ukraine built its own weapons, such as Liutyi drones, Neptune and Flamingo missiles, because Western missiles carried range limits. By June 2026 Ukraine launched around 200 to 300 drones a night at Russian targets, and a strike on the Omsk refinery on 7-8 October 2026 reached about 2,500 km. Ukraine's claims about the effect of the strikes have not been independently confirmed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_strike_campaign\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/6/ukraine-launches-major-drone-attack-on-russias-moscow-region-killing-two", "size": 3.7, "position": { "x": 309.702, "y": -167.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-k-mobile-fire-groups", "name": "Mobile fire groups", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "First appearance": "2022-10-01", "Impact score": 43 }, "description": "Mobile fire groups are small Ukrainian teams in pickup trucks with machine guns, anti-aircraft guns or shoulder-fired missiles, backed by spotters and a civilian reporting app, who hunt low-flying Russian drones. They emerged in autumn 2022 as Russian Shahed-136 raids began and Ukraine could not afford to shoot cheap drones with expensive missiles. Mobile groups, supported by Gepard guns, an acoustic network of about 10,000 microphones and thermal-sight machine guns, formed the cheap base of Ukraine's layered air defence. Interceptor drones, introduced in 2024, and AI turrets in October 2026 extended the approach as Russia shifted to faster jet-powered Gerans.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136\nhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/jet-drones-are-putins-secret-weapon-as-he-seeks-to-break-ukraine/", "size": 3.04, "position": { "x": 293.305, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-c-iran", "name": "Iran", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-07-11", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "Iran supplied Russia with Shahed-136 drones and technology in 2022. The US Treasury sanctioned the transfers on 15 November 2022 after Ukraine shot down the first Shaheds in September. In November 2022 Russia and Iran agreed on Russian manufacture, with Iran exporting key components, and the drones were localised at Alabuga in Tatarstan, with a target of 6,000 Geran-2s by summer 2025. By 2024, RUSI judged Russia had become independent of Iran in producing the drone. In May 2023 the White House said Iran had supplied more than 400 drones. The support turned a design into a mass campaign and shaped Western sanctions and air-defence aid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136\nhttps://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russias-iranian-made-uavs-technical-profile", "size": [4.27, 4.27], "position": { "x": 256.617, "y": -11, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-black-sea-fleet", "name": "Black Sea Fleet", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Armed force", "First appearance": "2022-02-24", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The Black Sea Fleet is the Russian navy's southern fleet, headquartered at Sevastopol in annexed Crimea. At the start of the invasion it dominated the Black Sea, blockaded Odesa and launched Kalibr missiles. Ukraine's sinking of its flagship Moskva on 14 April 2022, strikes on Snake Island and Sevastopol, the Storm Shadow strike on its headquarters on 22 September 2023 and sea-drone sinkings of the Ivanovets and Sergey Kotov in early 2024 then pushed it out of the western Black Sea. On 9 July 2024 Ukraine's navy chief said most warships had left Sevastopol for Novorossiysk, where Ukrainian drones attacked again in 2025 and on 12 August 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2024/07/09/russia-is-losing-crimean-hub-in-black-sea-says-ukrainian-navy-chief/", "size": [4.5, 4.5], "position": { "x": 159.564, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-l-sevastopol", "name": "Sevastopol", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 44.6167, "Longitude": 33.5254, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-10-29", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Sevastopol is the port city in Crimea and the historic base of the Black Sea Fleet. Russia seized control of Crimea in 2014 and kept the fleet headquarters there, so Sevastopol held the ships and missile stores that threatened Ukraine's coast. Ukraine attacked it repeatedly: a drone and boat-drone raid on 29 October 2022, a Storm Shadow strike on the fleet headquarters on 22 September 2023, and ATACMS fragments that hit a beach on 23 June 2024. By July 2024 Ukraine's navy chief said most warships had left for Novorossiysk, and strikes on the port continued into 2026. The city has been under Russian control since 2014.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters\nPicture: 1356 Памятник затопленным кораблям.jpg, GIC198, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1356_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC.jpg", "size": 3.28, "position": { "x": 305.87, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["0a559244-f931-4d4a-8e5d-52480ca3103a"], "nodeImage": "0a559244-f931-4d4a-8e5d-52480ca3103a" }, { "ID": "uw-l-crimean-bridge", "name": "Crimean Bridge", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Infrastructure", "Latitude": 45.3117, "Longitude": 36.5128, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-10-08", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "The Crimean (Kerch Strait) Bridge is the road and rail link between Russia and the annexed Crimean peninsula, opened in 2018. It carries military supplies as well as civilian traffic, so Ukraine called it a legitimate target; Zelensky told the Aspen Security Forum in July 2023 that any target that brings war must be neutralised. It was damaged on 8 October 2022 by a truck explosion, which Russia blamed on Ukraine and a Ukrainian defence official later claimed; on 17 July 2023 by Sea Baby sea drones; and on 3 June 2025, when the SBU said it detonated underwater explosives at the support pillars. Repairs restored traffic within weeks or months each time.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Bridge\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-the-crimean-bridge-must-be-neutralized/\nPicture: Крымский мост 13 сентября 2019 года (1).jpg, Rosavtodor, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_13_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_2019_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 298.565, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["0413cbec-c3ca-41bf-a2c8-ae30e3cb4afb"], "nodeImage": "0413cbec-c3ca-41bf-a2c8-ae30e3cb4afb" }, { "ID": "uw-l-black-sea", "name": "Black Sea", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Sea", "Latitude": 43, "Longitude": 34, "Control in October 2026": "Contested", "First appearance": "2022-04-14", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The Black Sea is the inland sea bordering Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Georgia, through which Ukraine exported most of its grain before 2022. Turkey closed the Bosporus and Dardanelles to warships on 28 February 2022, which meant Russia could not reinforce the Black Sea Fleet. Ukraine's Moskva strike in April 2022, sea-drone sinkings in 2024 and strikes on ports pushed Russian warships away from the north-west; Ukraine's navy chief said on 9 July 2024 that they no longer entered about 25,000 square kilometres, and Ukraine ran its own shipping corridor from Odesa without Russian approval. Both sides now attack commercial ships, and in June 2026 a stray Ukrainian drone exploded in the Romanian port of Constanta.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022%E2%80%93present)\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2024/07/09/russia-is-losing-crimean-hub-in-black-sea-says-ukrainian-navy-chief/", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 226.052, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-l-alabuga", "name": "Alabuga Special Economic Zone", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Facility", "Latitude": 55.8315, "Longitude": 52.0349, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-09-13", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Alabuga is a special economic zone of about 20 square kilometres in Tatarstan, near Yelabuga, where Russia assembles the Shahed-136 as the Geran-2. After Russia and Iran agreed in November 2022 on local manufacture, Alabuga planned 100 drones a month by January 2023 and 226 a month by January 2024; Conflict Armament Research confirmed Russian-made drones in use by July 2023. By late spring 2025 output reportedly reached about 170 Geran-2s a day, relying partly on young migrant women recruited under the Alabuga Start programme. Ukraine struck the plant on 2 April 2024 with a converted light aircraft, and the zone is sanctioned by the US, EU, UK and other states.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabuga_Special_Economic_Zone\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 283.832, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-moskva-sinking", "name": "Sinking of the cruiser Moskva", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-04-14", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "The Moskva was the flagship of Russia's Black Sea Fleet and its only warship with the long-range S-300F air-defence system. On 13 April 2022 Ukraine said two Neptune missiles hit it east of Snake Island; Russia's Defence Ministry first said an ammunition fire had caused an explosion and later that the ship sank under tow in a storm. Pentagon spokesman John Kirby called the Ukrainian account plausible, and a senior US official said on 15 April that two Neptunes had hit it. The loss pushed Russian ships further from the Ukrainian coast, left the fleet without a flagship, and boosted Ukrainian morale. Casualty figures were never officially given in the sources used.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 234.552, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-first-himars-use", "name": "First HIMARS strikes in Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-06-24", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Through spring 2022 Russian artillery out-ranged Ukrainian guns in Donbas, and Kyiv pressed Washington for precision rocket launchers. After the US approved four HIMARS on 1 June 2022, crews trained quickly; Defence Minister Reznikov announced on 23 June that the first were at the front, first combat footage appeared on 24 June, and Commander-in-Chief Zaluzhnyi said on 25 June they were in action. A report cited by one outlet said the first strike hit a Russian base near Izium; that detail and its casualty figure are unverified. HIMARS then hit ammunition depots and command posts, forcing Russian logistics back from the line and later supporting the Kherson and Kharkiv operations.\n\nhttps://mezha.media/en/2022/06/24/the-first-combat-application-of-himars-in-ukraine\nhttps://oboronka.mezha.ua/en/2022/06/23/hot-summer-for-occupiers-the-first-m142-himars-systems-are-already-in-ukraine/amp/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 251.249, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-shahed-first-use", "name": "First Shahed drone attacks on Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-09-13", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Iran had supplied Shahed-136 drones to Russia in 2022 as Russian missile stocks ran low and Moscow sought cheap long-range weapons. Photos of a wreck inscribed Geran-2 and Ukraine's statement that its military shot down the first Shahed on 13 September 2022 near Kupiansk mark the first use in Ukraine. In October 2022 the drones hit Kyiv and energy sites, with 46 launched on 6 October and 47 on 17 October according to Ukrainian figures. The attacks forced Ukraine to find cheap ways of shooting down drones, such as Gepard guns and mobile fire groups, and began a campaign that grew to thousands of launches a month.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahed_136\nhttps://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/russias-iranian-made-uavs-technical-profile", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 276.832, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-crimean-bridge-explosion", "name": "Crimean Bridge explosion", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-10-08", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The Crimean Bridge carries Russian road and rail supplies to Crimea and the southern front. On 8 October 2022 an explosion collapsed part of the road span and set fuel tank wagons on fire. Crimea's State Council chairman blamed Ukraine, and a Ukrainian defence official later said Ukraine carried out the attack, which the BBC could not verify. Limited traffic resumed quickly; the road bridge fully reopened on 23 February 2023 and the rail line on 5 May 2023. Russia answered two days later with large missile strikes on Ukrainian cities and power infrastructure, and the bridge became a repeated target.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Bridge", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 302.065, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-oreshnik-strike", "name": "Oreshnik missile strike on Dnipro", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-11-21", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "After the US allowed Ukraine to use ATACMS inside Russia on 17 November 2024 and the first such strikes followed, Russia fired a new missile at Dnipro on 21 November. The Oreshnik, probably launched from Kapustin Yar, struck the Pivdenmash facility. Ukraine's military said it carried six warheads with submunitions; Ukrainian officials later said the warheads were inert. Putin called it a live-fire test and a response to Western approval of ATACMS and Storm Shadow strikes in Russia, though Reuters and the New York Times reported that Gerasimov privately said it had been planned earlier. Russia reportedly warned the US 30 minutes before launch. Analysts read it as nuclear signalling.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreshnik_(missile)\nhttps://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2026/01/09/russias-use-of-its-hypersonic-missile-in-western-ukraine-is-seen-as-a-warning-to-kyivs-allies", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 435.997, "y": -150.08, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-operation-spiderweb", "name": "Operation Spiderweb", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2025-06-01", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "By 2025 Russia's strategic bombers launched Kh-101 cruise missiles at Ukrainian cities from bases thousands of kilometres from the front. On 1 June 2025 the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) hit five Russian air bases (Olenya, Ivanovo, Ukrainka, Belaya and Dyagilevo) using FPV drones smuggled into Russia and launched from wooden cabins on lorries, after about 18 months of planning according to Zelensky. The SBU claimed 41 aircraft hit; Ukraine's security council said at least 13 were destroyed, US officials told Reuters about 20 were hit and 10 destroyed, and imagery confirmed about 11 Tu-95MS and Tu-22M3. The bombers cannot be replaced; Russia dispersed those that remained.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spiderweb\nhttps://www.twz.com/air/firm-evidence-of-russian-aircraft-losses-after-ukrainian-drone-strikes\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2025/06/01/operation-spiderweb-how-ukraine-destroyed-over-a-third-of-russian-military-aircraft", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 475.798, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-poland-drone-incursion", "name": "Russian drones enter Polish airspace", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2025-09-10", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "During a Russian strike on Ukraine on the night of 9-10 September 2025 (415 drones and 35 missiles, per Ukraine's air force), drones crossed from Belarus into Poland. Poland said at least 19 entered its airspace, later raised to over 30 by prosecutors; four were shot down, mostly by Dutch F-35s. Poland invoked NATO Article 4 and NATO launched Operation Eastern Sentry on 12 September. Russia's Defence Ministry said it targeted only Ukraine, and Belarus said some drones strayed due to electronic warfare. Poland closed the Belarus border from 12 to 25 September. The raid was the first time NATO jets shot down drones over an ally's territory, exposing the cost of using expensive missiles against cheap drones.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russian_drone_incursion_into_Poland\nhttps://abcnews.com/International/poland-airspace-repeatedly-violated-drone-type-objects-amid/story?id=125422386", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 488.515, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-sevastopol-drone-raid", "name": "Drone and sea-drone raid on Sevastopol", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-10-29", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Ukraine's pressure on the Black Sea Fleet escalated on 29 October 2022 around 4:20 am, when nine aerial drones and seven uncrewed boats attacked the Sevastopol naval base, according to Sevastopol governor Mikhail Razvozhaev. Russia said the minesweeper Ivan Golubets and a boom in Yuzhnaya Bay were damaged and blamed Ukraine and British specialists in Ochakiv, which the UK called a lie of epic scale. Ukrainian channels claimed up to four ships hit, including the frigate Admiral Makarov; analysts at GeoConfirmed estimated at least three ships hit. Russia suspended its part in the Black Sea grain deal that day, and sea drones became a main Ukrainian weapon.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 312.37, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-engels-dyagilevo", "name": "Drone attacks on Engels and Dyagilevo air bases", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-12-05", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Russia's long-range bombers launched cruise missiles at Ukraine's cities and power grid from bases deep inside Russia. On 5 December 2022 explosions hit the Engels-2 air base in Saratov Oblast and the Dyagilevo base in Ryazan Oblast, more than 600 km from Ukrainian territory. Russia's Defence Ministry said Ukraine used Soviet-made jet drones, which were intercepted at low altitude, and that falling debris injured people; satellite images showed at least one Tu-95MS damaged. Ukraine did not clearly claim the attack in the sources used. It was the first major strike on Russia's strategic bomber bases and began the deep-strike campaign that Operation Spiderweb continued.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels-2_air_base", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 322.702, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-patriot-downs-kinzhal", "name": "Patriot shoots down a Kinzhal over Kyiv", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-05-04", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After months of Russian missile raids, the first Patriot batteries arrived in late April 2023 from the US, Germany and the Netherlands. In a night attack on Kyiv on 4 May 2023, Ukraine's air force said a Patriot downed a Kinzhal air-launched ballistic missile launched by a MiG-31K, announced by commander Mykola Oleshchuk on 6 May after the air force spokesman first denied it. It was the first known Ukrainian use of the Patriot and the first interception of a Kinzhal; the Pentagon confirmed it on 9 May. On 16 May Ukraine said it intercepted six Kinzhals; Russia claimed a Kinzhal destroyed a Patriot battery, which US officials said caused minimal damage.\n\nhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/ukraine-says-it-downed-russian-hypersonic-missile-with-u-s-patriot-defense-system\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 332.847, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-storm-shadow-confirmed", "name": "Ukraine confirms use of Storm Shadow missiles", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-05-24", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The UK announced on 11 May 2023 that it had sent Storm Shadow cruise missiles with a 250 km range, far beyond the 80 km range of earlier Western systems, to help Ukraine's expected counteroffensive. On 24 May, at a Kyiv briefing with UK Defence Secretary Ben Wallace, Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov said Ukrainian pilots trained in Britain were already using the weapon. Russian officials had said Storm Shadows struck Berdiansk on 21 May. An anonymous source said Ukraine pledged not to use the missiles against Russian territory. The missiles enabled strikes on headquarters and depots in occupied territory and Crimea, including the Black Sea Fleet headquarters in September.\n\nhttps://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/05/24/ukraine-confirms-use-of-british-storm-shadow-missiles-for-first-time-en-news", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 351.084, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-crimean-bridge-2023", "name": "Sea-drone attack on the Crimean Bridge", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-07-17", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "On 17 July 2023 two explosions in the early morning hit the Crimean Bridge, collapsing at least one road section and halting rail traffic; two people in a car were killed and a child injured, according to Russian-installed officials. Ukrainian and Russian sources indicated an attack by uncrewed surface vessels, and the SBU's Sea Baby drones are described in Wikipedia as the two that struck the bridge. A day earlier Russia had ended the Black Sea grain deal. Zelensky told the Aspen Security Forum on 21 July that the bridge must be neutralised as a military supply route. The road bridge fully reopened on 14 October 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Bridge\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-the-crimean-bridge-must-be-neutralized/", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 361.347, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-bsf-hq-strike", "name": "Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-09-22", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "On 22 September 2023 around noon, two or more Storm Shadow missiles hit the Black Sea Fleet headquarters in Sevastopol, partly destroying the building; local officials said six were fired and five shot down. Ukraine's Special Operations Forces said on 25 September that 34 officers including fleet commander Admiral Viktor Sokolov were killed and 105 injured. Military intelligence chief Kyrylo Budanov first said at least nine were killed. Russia denied Sokolov's death and showed video of him, later dated to before the attack. The strike came nine days after another that damaged the landing ship Minsk and the submarine Rostov-on-Don. It undermined the fleet's safety in Sevastopol.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/military-russian-black-sea-fleet-commander-33-other-officers-killed-in-sevastopol-strike/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 375.931, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-atacms-first-use", "name": "Ukraine uses ATACMS for the first time", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-10-17", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After more than a year of Ukrainian requests and US caution about escalation, the US secretly delivered ATACMS to Ukraine in 2023 so that Russian forces would not move equipment out of range. In overnight strikes reported on 17 October 2023, Ukraine hit Russian military airfields at Luhansk and Berdiansk. Unnamed US officials told CNN the strikes reportedly destroyed nine helicopters, an air defence system and an ammunition warehouse; Ukraine's Special Operations Forces claimed dozens of soldiers killed or wounded. The Kyiv Independent noted the cities lie 85 and 100 km from the front, so the strikes did not show that Ukraine had the 300 km version. Russian aviation had to move aircraft further back.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-uses-atacms-in-strikes-against-russia-first-time-missiles-used-in-battle/", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 386.309, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-ivanovets-sunk", "name": "Sea drones sink the corvette Ivanovets", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-02-01", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After the Sevastopol raids and the 2023 Crimean Bridge attack, Ukraine pushed its sea-drone campaign into Crimea's western coast. On 1 February 2024 (31 January in one account) Magura drones reportedly sank the missile corvette Ivanovets in Donuzlav Bay, the first Russian ship sunk using only naval drones. Two weeks later, on 14 February, the landing ship Tsezar Kunikov was also sunk near Alupka. Russia largely stayed silent, so the claims rest on Ukrainian statements and imagery. The sinkings showed a navy-less country sinking warships with cheap boats and led to the fleet's departure from Sevastopol that summer.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crimea_(2022%E2%80%93present)\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGURA_V5", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 381.611, "y": -149.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-sergey-kotov-sunk", "name": "Naval drones sink the patrol ship Sergey Kotov", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-03-05", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Ukraine's HUR, the military intelligence directorate, used Magura sea drones on 5 March 2024 (4 March in one account) to sink the Russian patrol ship Sergey Kotov, with its helicopter, near the Kerch Strait, after three earlier attempts. HUR said seven crew members died. It followed the sinkings of the Ivanovets and Tsezar Kunikov in February. Russia did not confirm the losses in the sources used. Together the three losses removed some of the fleet's most modern small warships from the western Black Sea, and by July 2024 Ukraine's navy chief said Russia had pulled its remaining combat-ready ships out of Sevastopol.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crimea_(2022%E2%80%93present)\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/03/4/7444793/", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 402.651, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-bsf-leaves-sevastopol", "name": "Black Sea Fleet moves its main warships out of Sevastopol", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-07-09", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Years of Ukrainian missile, drone and sea-drone strikes made Sevastopol unsafe for Russian ships. On 9 July 2024 Ukraine's navy chief, Vice-Admiral Oleksiy Neizhpapa, said almost all combat-ready ships had left for Novorossiysk and the Sea of Azov, and that Sevastopol, the main storage and loading site for cruise missiles, was no longer a hub. He said Ukraine had destroyed or damaged 27 Russian vessels, five of them by sea mines laid by naval drones, and that Russian warships no longer entered about 25,000 square kilometres of the north-west Black Sea. These are Ukrainian claims; Russia's Dmitry Rogozin was reported confirming relocations. Ukraine could then run its own shipping corridor.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2024/07/09/russia-is-losing-crimean-hub-in-black-sea-says-ukrainian-navy-chief/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 414.282, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-f16-first-combat", "name": "F-16s first used in combat in Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-08-26", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Ukraine's air force had few modern fighters, and the Netherlands and Denmark led a coalition to supply F-16s; Zelensky welcomed the first on 4 August 2024. On 26 August 2024 Russia launched a large strike on the power grid (127 missiles and 109 drones, with Ukraine saying it downed 102 and 99). At a Kyiv press conference on 27 August Zelensky said Ukraine had destroyed some missiles and drones using the F-16, the first official statement of combat use, without detail. A Dutch official had said the jets would mainly be used for air defence. The claim is Ukraine's own and was not independently confirmed in the source used.\n\nhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/38047", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 423.94, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-atacms-strikes-russia", "name": "First ATACMS strikes on Russian territory", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2024-11-19", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Ukraine had asked since 2022 to use Western long-range missiles against targets inside Russia, and the US refused until Russia deployed North Korean troops. Biden approved ATACMS use against military targets in mainland Russia on 17 November 2024. On 19 November Ukraine fired them at an ammunition storage facility in Bryansk Oblast, and on 25 November hit an S-400 system at an airbase in Kursk Oblast. The UK allowed Storm Shadow strikes in Russia on the next day. The Kremlin said it would answer, and Russia fired the Oreshnik at Dnipro on 21 November, calling it a response.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-140_ATACMS\nhttps://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2026/01/09/russias-use-of-its-hypersonic-missile-in-western-ukraine-is-seen-as-a-warning-to-kyivs-allies", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 441.212, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-oreshnik-lviv", "name": "Oreshnik missile strike on the Lviv region", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2026-01-08", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Days after Ukraine's European allies agreed key elements of post-war security guarantees, including troop deployment after a ceasefire that Russia rejects, Russia fired a second Oreshnik at Ukraine late on 8 January 2026, as part of a barrage of 242 drones and 36 missiles per Ukrainian figures. It hit the Lviv region near the Polish border; officials said critical infrastructure was damaged and no casualties were reported, and Russia's Defence Ministry later named the Lviv State Aviation Repair Plant. Moscow tied it to an alleged Ukrainian drone attack on Putin's residence, which Kyiv and Washington deny; the CIA found no evidence. Analysts saw a warning to NATO, given the target's proximity to Poland.\n\nhttps://www.twz.com/air/russias-oreshnik-intermediate-range-ballistic-missile-used-in-large-scale-attack-on-ukraine\nhttps://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2026/01/09/russias-use-of-its-hypersonic-missile-in-western-ukraine-is-seen-as-a-warning-to-kyivs-allies\nhttps://www.fdd.org/analysis/2026/01/09/russia-uses-new-oreshnik-missile-for-second-time-in-ukraine/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 516.85, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-starlink-whitelist", "name": "SpaceX disables unlisted Starlink terminals in Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2026-02-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Russian forces had been using Starlink terminals in front-line operations, bought through intermediaries, despite a block announced in 2024. On 1 February 2026 SpaceX shut down Starlink terminals across Ukraine except those pre-approved by Ukraine's Defence Ministry. The Guardian reported on 9 February that the Russian military was scrambling to find alternatives, and Wikipedia says it significantly disrupted Russian military communications. Ukraine's SBU separately arrested two Izmail residents on 24 February for registering terminals for Russian forces. The step also cut off Ukrainian units whose terminals were not on the list.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_January_2026_%E2%80%93_31_May_2026)", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 526.796, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-ev-moscow-drone-attack-oct-2026", "name": "Large Ukrainian drone attack on the Moscow region", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2026-10-06", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "As Ukraine's deep-strike campaign grew to hundreds of drones a night, a major attack reached the Russian capital on the night of 5-6 October 2026. Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin said 650 drones were bound for the city, most shot down, while the standfirst cited Russia's figure of 290 drones against Moscow and nearby regions. Regional governor Andrei Vorobyov said two people died, seven were injured and 185 drones were destroyed or neutralised across the region. A war blogger claimed the Volodarskaya oil storage facility was hit, which is unconfirmed. The counts differ and are Russian figures, not independently verified.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/6/ukraine-launches-major-drone-attack-on-russias-moscow-region-killing-two", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 567.57, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-op-black-sea-naval-campaign", "name": "Black Sea naval campaign", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Start date": "2022-04-14", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 1648, "Ongoing": true, "Operation kind": "Naval campaign", "Outcome": "Ongoing", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Ukraine had no significant navy when the invasion began, and the Black Sea Fleet blockaded its ports and fired Kalibr missiles at its cities. Starting with the Neptune strike on the Moskva on 13-14 April 2022, Ukraine used missiles, aerial drones, sea drones and later underwater drones against Russian ships, bases and the Crimean Bridge. Key steps were the Sevastopol raid of 29 October 2022, the strike on the fleet headquarters on 22 September 2023, and sea-drone sinkings in early 2024. Ukraine's navy chief said the fleet left Sevastopol by July 2024. Ukraine claims it now runs its own shipping corridor; attacks on Novorossiysk and on tankers continued in 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022%E2%80%93present)\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2024/07/09/russia-is-losing-crimean-hub-in-black-sea-says-ukrainian-navy-chief/", "size": [7.64, 3.82], "position": { "x": 217.872, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-op-shahed-campaign", "name": "Shahed and Geran drone campaign", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Start date": "2022-09-13", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 1496, "Ongoing": true, "Operation kind": "Strike campaign", "Outcome": "Ongoing", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "After Iran supplied Shahed-136 drones and Russia built its own copies at Alabuga, Russia began a campaign of mass one-way drone raids on Ukraine from 13 September 2022. Launches grew from dozens in October 2022 to about 130 a week before September 2024 and over 1,000 a week by March 2025, per CSIS; monthly totals from Ukrainian air force data reached 6,297 in July 2025 and 8,161 in May 2026, according to the Institute for Science and International Security. The aim was to overwhelm air defences with cheap drones and decoys such as the Gerbera. Ukraine responded with guns, mobile fire groups, interceptor drones and, as Russia added jet-powered Gerans in 2026, AI-aimed turrets and jets.\n\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/drone-saturation-russias-shahed-campaign\nhttps://isis-online.org/isis-reports/monthly-analysis-of-russian-shahed-136-deployment-against-ukraine", "size": [8.5, 4.25], "position": { "x": 281.082, "y": -151.08, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-op-glide-bomb-campaign", "name": "Russian glide bomb campaign", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Start date": "2023-01-01", "End date": "2026-10-18", "Duration days": 1386, "Ongoing": true, "Operation kind": "Strike campaign", "Outcome": "Ongoing", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Russia's aircraft could not safely fly over Ukrainian air defences, so from early 2023 it fitted old Soviet FAB bombs with UMPK wings and guidance and dropped them from tens of kilometres away. Ukraine's air force noted more frequent use in March 2023; the bombs hampered the Zaporizhzhia counteroffensive in August 2023, and at Avdiivka in February 2024 ISW said Russia gained temporary local air superiority, likely for the first time in the war. FAB-1500 versions appeared by September 2023. Ukraine began jamming the guidance in 2025, and its General Staff claimed over 100 UMPK bombs destroyed in September and October 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMPK_(bomb_kit)\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war", "size": [7.64, 3.82], "position": { "x": 318.629, "y": -151.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-st-shahed-launches-2026-05", "name": "Shahed-type launches, May 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2026-05-01", "Indicator": "Drone launches", "Value": 8161, "Unit": "units per month", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "In May 2026 Russia launched 8,161 Shahed-type drones, including decoys, about 263 a day, the highest monthly total in the series, of which an estimated 5,181 were strike Gerans produced at Alabuga. Ukraine's Defence Ministry reported 8,150 launches and 7,476 intercepts, an interception rate of 91.73 percent, covering all drone types. The month included the 24 May raid with about 600 drones and 90 missiles. The Geran split after early May is an estimate by the Institute for Science and International Security, and June 2026 fell to 5,749.\n\nhttps://isis-online.org/isis-reports/monthly-analysis-of-russian-shahed-136-deployment-against-ukraine\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/11/8038825/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 540.716, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-na-isis-shahed-monthly", "name": "Monthly Analysis of Russian Shahed 136 Deployment Against Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2026-07-07", "Publisher": "Institute for Science and International Security", "Headline": "Monthly Analysis of Russian Shahed 136 Deployment Against Ukraine (August 2025 - June 2026)", "URL": "https://isis-online.org/isis-reports/monthly-analysis-of-russian-shahed-136-deployment-against-ukraine", "Article kind": "Analysis", "Language": "English", "Author": "Igor Anokhin" }, "description": "Igor Anokhin of the Institute for Science and International Security published on 7 July 2026 a monthly analysis (August 2025 to June 2026) of Shahed-type launches from Ukrainian Air Force reports. Tables give 54,538 launches in 2025 and 36,456 in January to June 2026, a peak of 8,161 in May 2026, and separate estimates for Geran strike drones.\n\nhttps://isis-online.org/isis-reports/monthly-analysis-of-russian-shahed-136-deployment-against-ukraine", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 547.966, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-na-ukrinform-moskva-neptune", "name": "Ukrainian military hits Russian cruiser by Neptune missiles", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2022-04-13", "Publisher": "Ukrinform", "Headline": "Ukrainian military hits Russian cruiser by Neptune missiles", "URL": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Ukrinform reported on 13 April 2022 that Maksym Marchenko, head of the Odesa regional military administration, announced on Telegram that Ukrainian forces had hit the cruiser Moskva with Neptune missiles, causing very serious damage. The report carried only the Ukrainian official's claim, without independent confirmation or a Russian response.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3456892-ukrainian-military-hits-russian-cruiser-by-neptune-missiles.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 242.402, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-na-abc-bradley-lives", "name": "Ukrainian soldiers say they owe lives to US-supplied Bradley vehicles", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-06-29", "Publisher": "ABC News", "Headline": "Ukrainian soldiers say they owe lives to US-supplied Bradley vehicles", "URL": "https://abcnews.com/International/ukrainian-soldiers-owe-lives-us-supplied-bradley-vehicles/story?id=100479782", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Ian Pannell, Patrick Reevell, Dragana Jovanovic, Ivan Pereira" }, "description": "ABC News reported on 29 June 2023 from the front that soldiers of the 47th Mechanized Brigade said Bradleys protected them from mines, shelling and drone strikes in the first days of the counteroffensive. One soldier said the vehicle saved his life; crews often recovered disabled vehicles for repair. It cited Oryx's count of at least 24 Bradleys lost.\n\nhttps://abcnews.com/International/ukrainian-soldiers-owe-lives-us-supplied-bradley-vehicles/story?id=100479782", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 358.754, "y": -129.89, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-na-ki-crimea-bridge-neutralized", "name": "Zelensky: The Crimean Bridge must be neutralized", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2023-07-22", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "Zelensky: The Crimean Bridge must be neutralized", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-the-crimean-bridge-must-be-neutralized/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Rachel Amran" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent's Rachel Amran reported on 22 July 2023 that Zelensky told the Aspen Security Forum the Crimean Bridge was a legitimate military target because it carries ammunition and militarises the peninsula. It also covered the 17 July explosions, which Russia blamed on Ukraine, and Zelensky's remark that the counteroffensive was slower than expected.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-the-crimean-bridge-must-be-neutralized/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 368.757, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-arm-na-abc-poland-drones", "name": "NATO downs Russian drones over Poland after 'unprecedented' aggression", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Weapons and drones", "Date": "2025-09-10", "Publisher": "ABC News", "Headline": "NATO downs Russian drones over Poland after 'unprecedented' aggression", "URL": "https://abcnews.com/International/poland-airspace-repeatedly-violated-drone-type-objects-amid/story?id=125422386", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Will Gretsky, Jack Moore, Kevin Shalvey, David Brennan" }, "description": "ABC News reported on 10 September 2025 that Poland said at least 19 Russian drones entered its airspace and four were shot down. It described scrambled Polish F-16s and Dutch F-35s, Poland's Article 4 request, Rutte's remark that it was not an isolated incident, Russia's statement that it targeted only Ukraine, and von der Leyen's figure of more than 10 Shahed drones.\n\nhttps://abcnews.com/International/poland-airspace-repeatedly-violated-drone-type-objects-amid/story?id=125422386", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 496.075, "y": -158.58, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-volodymyr-zelensky", "name": "Volodymyr Zelensky", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of Ukraine 2019-", "Nationality": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Volodymyr Zelensky has been President of Ukraine since 2019 and is the central Ukrainian voice in every round of diplomacy since the full-scale invasion. He agreed to talks with Russia in the first days of the war, presented a ten-point peace plan at the G20 in November 2022, hosted the Bürgenstock summit in 2024 and was at the centre of the Oval Office clash with Donald Trump in February 2025. In 2026 he has repeatedly said Ukraine is ready for US-brokered trilateral talks and that any deal involving territory should go to a referendum, while tying elections to a ceasefire.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-proposes-trilateral-talks-with-russia-ukraine-by-end-of-october-zelensky-says/\nPicture: Volodymyr Zelensky 2022 official portrait (cropped).jpg, Press Service of the President of Ukraine, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volodymyr_Zelensky_2022_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg", "size": 3.86, "position": { "x": 152.903, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["4657c39e-2c94-490c-baae-5b63faaaf6a7"], "nodeImage": "4657c39e-2c94-490c-baae-5b63faaaf6a7" }, { "ID": "uw-p-vladimir-putin", "name": "Vladimir Putin", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of Russia 2012-", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-03-10", "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "Vladimir Putin, President of Russia, ordered the full-scale invasion and sets Russia's terms in every negotiation. He announced partial mobilisation on 21 September 2022, signed the annexation treaties for four Ukrainian regions on 30 September 2022, met Donald Trump in Alaska on 15 August 2025 and in 2026 has told Washington that talks are unlikely while Ukrainian drone strikes continue. Russia's stated demands, as reported by Reuters, have included Ukrainian withdrawal from Donetsk Oblast, a bar on NATO membership and recognition of the annexations.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/10/putin-tells-trump-peace-talks-are-unlikely-cites-ukraine-drone-attacks\nPicture: Vladimir Putin (2026 02 23).jpg, Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_(2026_02_23).jpg", "size": 4, "position": { "x": 200.749, "y": -10.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["9fc036fe-382d-4374-ae98-ce5a682773b6"], "nodeImage": "9fc036fe-382d-4374-ae98-ce5a682773b6" }, { "ID": "uw-p-joe-biden", "name": "Joe Biden", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of the United States 2021-2025", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2024-07-09", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Joe Biden was US President from January 2021 to January 2025 and led the Western response to the invasion, including sanctions, military aid and NATO enlargement diplomacy. At the July 2024 Washington NATO summit he announced that the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Romania would supply equipment for five air defence systems to Ukraine. According to the reporting summarised on the peace-negotiation record, he and his national security adviser rejected a Putin ceasefire proposal that would have frozen the front line in early 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Washington_summit\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 3.86, "position": { "x": 414.282, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c9dc8049-95e4-44cd-89c0-50fa660915ca"], "nodeImage": "c9dc8049-95e4-44cd-89c0-50fa660915ca" }, { "ID": "uw-p-donald-trump", "name": "Donald Trump", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of the United States 2017-2021 and 2025-", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2024-12-07", "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "Donald Trump returned to the White House on 20 January 2025 and made a negotiated end to the war a personal priority. He spoke to Putin by phone on 12 February 2025, clashed with Zelensky in the Oval Office on 28 February, met Putin in Alaska on 15 August, hosted European leaders on 18 August and, after the 28-point plan of November 2025, backed envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner in 2026 trilateral talks. In October 2026 he announced, after a call with Putin, a Russian diesel delivery to global markets that Zelensky criticised.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/10/putin-tells-trump-peace-talks-are-unlikely-cites-ukraine-drone-attacks", "size": 4, "position": { "x": 439.651, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c5b49088-a3f7-4cb1-b73c-16bcc8ad3e8f"], "nodeImage": "c5b49088-a3f7-4cb1-b73c-16bcc8ad3e8f" }, { "ID": "uw-p-sergei-lavrov", "name": "Sergei Lavrov", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Foreign Minister of Russia 2004-", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-03-10", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "Sergei Lavrov, Russia's foreign minister, is Moscow's long-serving diplomatic spokesman. He met Ukraine's Dmytro Kuleba in Antalya on 10 March 2022, the first high-level face-to-face contact after the invasion, and represented Russia in Riyadh on 18 February 2025 and at the Alaska summit in August 2025. In February 2026 he told state media that Russia had no deadlines, only tasks, as the US-brokered rounds continued without a breakthrough.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/top-russia-ukraine-diplomats-arrive-in-turkey-for-talks\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/26/us-ukraine-to-meet-in-geneva-as-russia-attacks-kyiv-with-missiles-drones", "size": 3.22, "position": { "x": 209.249, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-alexander-lukashenko", "name": "Alexander Lukashenko", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of Belarus 1994-", "Nationality": "Belarus", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus, allowed Russian forces to attack Ukraine from Belarusian territory and, on 27 February 2022, agreed with Zelensky that Ukrainian and Russian delegations would meet on the Belarus border. The first round took place the next day. The UN General Assembly resolution of 2 March 2022 deplored Belarus's involvement in the use of force against Ukraine, and Belarus voted with Russia against it.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1", "size": 2.97, "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -24.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-rustem-umerov", "name": "Rustem Umerov", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine; head of the negotiating delegation", "Nationality": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2025-11-23", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Rustem Umerov, Secretary of Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council, has led Ukraine's delegation in the 2025-2026 US-brokered talks. He travelled to Florida in late November 2025 to work on the US plan with Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, headed the Ukrainian side in Abu Dhabi in January and February 2026, and on 26 February 2026 reported in Geneva that a document on Ukraine's recovery had been worked out in detail.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Abu_Dhabi\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/26/us-ukraine-to-meet-in-geneva-as-russia-attacks-kyiv-with-missiles-drones", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 498.122, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-antony-blinken", "name": "Antony Blinken", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "US Secretary of State 2021-2025", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2022-10-21", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Antony Blinken was US Secretary of State from 2021 to 2025 and the chief American diplomat during the first three years of the war. In October 2022, as the Kremlin signalled interest in talks, he said Putin was far from willing to engage in meaningful diplomacy and that Moscow was doubling and tripling down on its aggression. He was succeeded in the post by Marco Rubio in January 2025.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/21/much-softer-is-russia-eyeing-a-way-out-of-the-ukraine-war", "size": 2.97, "position": { "x": 297.718, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-marco-rubio", "name": "Marco Rubio", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "US Secretary of State 2025-", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2025-02-18", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Marco Rubio, US Secretary of State since January 2025, represented Washington at the Riyadh talks with Russia on 18 February 2025 and sat in the Oval Office meeting ten days later. On 22 May 2026 he said that US-mediated trilateral talks were not producing meaningful results and that Washington was not interested in endless meetings that lead to nothing; on 8 October 2026 he described the war as a dangerous stalemate while saying the United States would keep working for a deal.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/10/putin-tells-trump-peace-talks-are-unlikely-cites-ukraine-drone-attacks", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 444.967, "y": -10.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["01a9bf82-95fa-4452-a52e-8a1ebe566d74"], "nodeImage": "01a9bf82-95fa-4452-a52e-8a1ebe566d74" }, { "ID": "uw-p-steve-witkoff", "name": "Steve Witkoff", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "US Special Envoy; lead US negotiator on Russia and Ukraine", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2025-02-18", "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "Steve Witkoff is the US special envoy who became Donald Trump's main channel to the Kremlin. He took part in the Riyadh talks of February 2025, met Putin in Moscow on 13 March 2025, helped draft the 28-point plan in Miami in October 2025, met Putin again on 2 December 2025 and led the US side in the 2026 Abu Dhabi and Geneva rounds. In early September 2026 he and Jared Kushner met Putin again and, according to the Kyiv Independent, also visited Kyiv.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-proposes-trilateral-talks-with-russia-ukraine-by-end-of-october-zelensky-says/\nPicture: Steve Witkoff (2025) (cropped).jpg, U.S. Embassy Jerusalem, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Witkoff_(2025)_(cropped).jpg", "size": 3.7, "position": { "x": 445.967, "y": -25, "z": 0 }, "images": ["23cc6511-0d08-4a48-bc2c-0ff0407ec131"], "nodeImage": "23cc6511-0d08-4a48-bc2c-0ff0407ec131" }, { "ID": "uw-p-jd-vance", "name": "JD Vance", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Vice President of the United States 2025-", "Nationality": "United States", "First appearance": "2025-02-28", "Impact score": 48 }, "description": "JD Vance, Vice President of the United States since January 2025, led the US delegation at the Munich Security Conference meeting with Zelensky in mid-February 2025 and was a central voice in the Oval Office exchange of 28 February 2025. When a reporter asked about Poland's worry that Trump was moving too close to Putin, Vance answered that diplomacy was the path to peace, and he later told Zelensky it was disrespectful to argue the point in front of the American media.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting", "size": 3.14, "position": { "x": 461.659, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-vladimir-medinsky", "name": "Vladimir Medinsky", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Aide to the President of Russia; head of Russian delegation in Russia-Ukraine talks", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Vladimir Medinsky, a presidential aide and former culture minister, has fronted Russia's delegation in the formal Russia-Ukraine talks. He led the Russian side in the Belarus rounds of February-March 2022, at the Istanbul talks of 29 March 2022 and in the direct Istanbul talks of May 2025, and returned as chief Russian negotiator in the Geneva round of 17-18 February 2026, where the political track stalled over Russia's positions according to Axios sources cited by Euromaidan Press.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/02/18/geneva-talks-hit-impasse-over-medinskys-demands-as-witkoff-claims-meaningful-progress/\nPicture: Vladimir Medinsky 2025-06-05 (cropped).jpg, kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Medinsky_2025-06-05_(cropped).jpg", "size": 3.18, "position": { "x": 191.903, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["29d75f8d-422f-48ba-a283-8264a8bdcf2d"], "nodeImage": "29d75f8d-422f-48ba-a283-8264a8bdcf2d" }, { "ID": "uw-p-boris-johnson", "name": "Boris Johnson", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2019-2022", "Nationality": "United Kingdom", "First appearance": "2022-04-09", "Impact score": 38 }, "description": "Boris Johnson was UK Prime Minister until September 2022 and one of the first Western leaders to visit Kyiv after the invasion, around 9 April 2022. Putin later claimed that Western pressure, including from Johnson, stopped Ukraine from signing a deal after the Istanbul talks; Ukrainian officials, including Zelensky, have rejected that account.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 2.93, "position": { "x": 231.401, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-emmanuel-macron", "name": "Emmanuel Macron", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of France 2017-", "Nationality": "France", "First appearance": "2024-12-07", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Emmanuel Macron, President of France, has been a leading European voice on the diplomacy of the war. He hosted Donald Trump and Zelensky at the Elysee on 7 December 2024, joined the London summit of 2 March 2025 where he and Keir Starmer proposed a one-month truce, attended the White House meeting of 18 August 2025 and co-led the coalition of the willing whose Paris Declaration on security guarantees was adopted on 6 January 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/paris-declaration-robust-security-guarantees-solid-and-lasting-peace-ukraine_en", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 448.151, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["5b479d6f-82ed-4424-b3cc-5bab1c24b246"], "nodeImage": "5b479d6f-82ed-4424-b3cc-5bab1c24b246" }, { "ID": "uw-p-keir-starmer", "name": "Keir Starmer", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2024-", "Nationality": "United Kingdom", "First appearance": "2025-03-02", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Keir Starmer, UK Prime Minister since July 2024, hosted the London Summit on Ukraine at Lancaster House on 2 March 2025, days after the Oval Office clash, and proposed with Emmanuel Macron a one-month truce. He set out a four-point plan: continued military aid and sanctions, Ukraine at the table in any talks, strengthened defences after a deal, and a coalition of the willing to guarantee any agreement. He also attended the White House meeting of 18 August 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine\nPicture: Prime Minister Keir Starmer Portrait (cropped).jpg, Prime Minister's Office (Simon Dawson / No 10), OGL v3, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_Portrait_(cropped).jpg", "size": 3.28, "position": { "x": 454.114, "y": -24, "z": 0 }, "images": ["be4d63ec-1382-420d-b56c-5de95207880e"], "nodeImage": "be4d63ec-1382-420d-b56c-5de95207880e" }, { "ID": "uw-p-friedrich-merz", "name": "Friedrich Merz", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Chancellor of Germany 2025-", "Nationality": "Germany", "First appearance": "2025-08-18", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Friedrich Merz, German Chancellor since May 2025, is one of the European leaders at the centre of the 2025-2026 diplomacy. He joined the White House meeting of 18 August 2025, where he said Russia's demand that Ukraine cede the free part of Donbas was like asking the United States to give up Florida, and on 4 October 2026 stood beside Zelensky in Kyiv when Zelensky said Ukraine was ready for trilateral talks that month.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/4/ukraine-ready-for-us-backed-talks-with-russia-zelenskyy", "size": 3.28, "position": { "x": 485.662, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-jens-stoltenberg", "name": "Jens Stoltenberg", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Secretary General of NATO 2014-2024", "Nationality": "Norway", "First appearance": "2022-06-29", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Jens Stoltenberg was NATO Secretary General through the invasion and the first two and a half years of the war. At the Vilnius summit in July 2023 he said Ukraine would not become a member while the war continued and that the summit was not a formal invitation, and at the Washington summit of July 2024 he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Joe Biden. He pushed for a long-term NATO role in coordinating security assistance to Ukraine.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Washington_summit", "size": 3.28, "position": { "x": 267.953, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-p-mark-rutte", "name": "Mark Rutte", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Secretary General of NATO 2024-", "Nationality": "Netherlands", "First appearance": "2025-06-24", "Impact score": 58 }, "description": "Mark Rutte succeeded Jens Stoltenberg as NATO Secretary General and has tied Ukraine's support to the Alliance's higher defence-spending target. He attended the White House meeting of 18 August 2025, made an unannounced visit to Kyiv on 3 February 2026 to address Ukraine's parliament, and hosted the Ankara summit of 7-8 July 2026, where Zelensky also met him.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-lands-in-turkey-for-nato-summit/\nPicture: Mark Rutte NATO Secretary General 2026 (cropped).jpg, Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Rutte_NATO_Secretary_General_2026_(cropped).jpg", "size": 3.33, "position": { "x": 478.405, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["1c3bbf09-741a-4a92-b171-077b5d90e013"], "nodeImage": "1c3bbf09-741a-4a92-b171-077b5d90e013" }, { "ID": "uw-dip-p-yuri-ushakov", "name": "Yuri Ushakov", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Foreign policy aide to the President of Russia", "Nationality": "Russia", "First appearance": "2025-02-18", "Impact score": 30 }, "description": "Yuri Ushakov, the Kremlin's foreign policy aide, is a key Russian channel to the White House. He took part in the Riyadh talks of 18 February 2025 and the Alaska summit, and after the Putin-Trump call of 9 October 2026 he said that Kyiv had effectively blocked an immediate return to negotiations by its drone attacks and that Moscow would assess when talks could resume.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/10/putin-tells-trump-peace-talks-are-unlikely-cites-ukraine-drone-attacks", "size": 2.73, "position": { "x": 454.967, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-c-ukraine", "name": "Ukraine", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Ukraine is the state defending itself against Russia's full-scale invasion of 24 February 2022. In diplomacy it has asked for EU candidate status (granted 23 June 2022), applied for fast-track NATO membership on 30 September 2022, opened EU accession talks in 2024 and pursued security guarantees in talks brokered by the United States in 2025-2026. Its stated position is that Russian sovereignty over occupied territory is unacceptable and that any territorial deal must be put to a referendum.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": [4.87, 4.87], "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -11, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-russia", "name": "Russia", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "Russia launched the full-scale invasion in February 2022 and has held to a set of negotiating demands since the first talks in Belarus. Its leadership annexed four Ukrainian regions by treaty on 30 September 2022, announced partial mobilisation nine days earlier, and held its first wartime State Duma election on 18-20 September 2026, which the UN and most states say was illegally extended to occupied territory. Moscow has said it will negotiate with Kyiv only on terms that include Ukrainian withdrawal from Donbas and recognition of its annexations, as reported by Reuters.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts\nhttps://aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/21/russia-election-results-show-putins-party-winning-what-we-know", "size": [4.87, 4.87], "position": { "x": 185.403, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-united-states", "name": "United States", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-05-13", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "The United States moved from leading the Western coalition under Joe Biden to acting as broker under Donald Trump. Since January 2025 Washington has held direct talks with Moscow, paused military aid and intelligence sharing for about a week in March 2025, met Putin in Alaska, tabled the 28-point plan in November 2025 and sponsored the trilateral rounds of 2026. In May 2026 Marco Rubio said trilateral talks were on hold; in October 2026 Washington proposed new technical-level talks by month's end.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-proposes-trilateral-talks-with-russia-ukraine-by-end-of-october-zelensky-says/", "size": [4.87, 4.87], "position": { "x": 248.179, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-united-kingdom", "name": "United Kingdom", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-04-09", "Impact score": 72 }, "description": "The United Kingdom has been one of Ukraine's most consistent backers and, with France, a convener of the coalition of the willing. Boris Johnson visited Kyiv in April 2022; Keir Starmer hosted the London Summit on Ukraine on 2 March 2025, which committed 1.6 billion pounds to air defence missiles made in Belfast, and the UK co-signed the Paris Declaration of 6 January 2026. A UK spokesperson said in October 2026 that Britain would keep pressuring Russia through sanctions.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/10/putin-tells-trump-peace-talks-are-unlikely-cites-ukraine-drone-attacks", "size": [4.61, 4.61], "position": { "x": 225.401, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-france", "name": "France", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-03-17", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "France has pushed for a European role in any settlement. President Macron hosted Trump and Zelensky in Paris on 7 December 2024, and Paris is the seat of the coalition's operational headquarters that the Paris Declaration of 6 January 2026 describes for coordinating security guarantees with the United States and Ukraine. On 17 March 2022 French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said Russia was only pretending to negotiate.\n\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/paris-declaration-robust-security-guarantees-solid-and-lasting-peace-ukraine_en\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": [4.54, 4.54], "position": { "x": 215.299, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-turkey", "name": "Turkey", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-03-10", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Turkey has acted as host and go-between for Russia and Ukraine while remaining a NATO member. It hosted the Lavrov-Kuleba meeting in Antalya on 10 March 2022, the Istanbul talks of 29 March 2022 and the direct talks of May 2025, held back Finland's and Sweden's accession until the Madrid memorandum of 28 June 2022, and hosted the NATO summit in Ankara on 7-8 July 2026.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/top-russia-ukraine-diplomats-arrive-in-turkey-for-talks\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit", "size": [4.54, 4.54], "position": { "x": 203.249, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-finland", "name": "Finland", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-05-18", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "Finland, which shares a 1,340-kilometre border with Russia, abandoned military non-alignment after the invasion. Parliament backed the bid 188 to 8 on 17 May 2022, Finland applied jointly with Sweden on 18 May 2022 and it became a NATO member on 4 April 2023, more than doubling the Alliance's land border with Russia. Finnish President Alexander Stubb joined the White House meeting of 18 August 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine", "size": [4.45, 4.45], "position": { "x": 240.971, "y": -12.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-sweden", "name": "Sweden", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-05-18", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Sweden ended roughly two centuries of military non-alignment by applying for NATO membership with Finland on 18 May 2022. Its accession was delayed by Turkish and Hungarian objections until Ankara and Budapest ratified, and Sweden became the 32nd member on 7 March 2024. Sweden hosted a NATO foreign ministers' meeting in May 2026 where Marco Rubio spoke about the suspended talks.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/", "size": [4.33, 4.33], "position": { "x": 240.971, "y": -22.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-nato", "name": "NATO", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Bloc", "First appearance": "2022-06-29", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "NATO is the Western military alliance whose enlargement Russia cited as a grievance and whose membership Ukraine seeks. Since the invasion it has added Finland (4 April 2023) and Sweden (7 March 2024), adopted a Strategic Concept in Madrid in June 2022 calling Russia the most significant and direct threat to Allies, declined to offer Ukraine a membership timetable at Vilnius in 2023, agreed a 5 percent of GDP spending target at The Hague in 2025 and met in Ankara on 7-8 July 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Hague_summit", "size": [4.87, 4.87], "position": { "x": 261.453, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-coalition-of-the-willing", "name": "Coalition of the willing", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Bloc", "First appearance": "2025-03-02", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The coalition of the willing is the group of mainly European states, led by the United Kingdom and France, that agreed to prepare reassurance for Ukraine after a ceasefire. It was launched at the London Summit on Ukraine of 2 March 2025 and, with the United States and Ukraine, adopted the Paris Declaration on 6 January 2026, which commits members to join a US-led ceasefire monitoring mechanism, support Ukraine's armed forces and form a European-led multinational force once a ceasefire is in place.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/paris-declaration-robust-security-guarantees-solid-and-lasting-peace-ukraine_en", "size": [4.41, 4.41], "position": { "x": 454.114, "y": -12, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-l-moscow", "name": "Moscow", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 55.7558, "Longitude": 37.6173, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-09-21", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Moscow is the seat of the Kremlin, where Russia's decisions on war and talks are made. Putin announced partial mobilisation from there on 21 September 2022 and signed the annexation treaties in the Grand Kremlin Palace on 30 September 2022. US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner have travelled to Moscow to meet Putin, including on 2 December 2025 and, according to Axios, on 5 September 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "size": 3.46, "position": { "x": 291.3, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c8c793ef-9ee3-4173-83ee-93f2af898416"], "nodeImage": "c8c793ef-9ee3-4173-83ee-93f2af898416" }, { "ID": "uw-l-istanbul", "name": "Istanbul", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 41.0082, "Longitude": 28.9784, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-03-29", "Impact score": 42 }, "description": "Istanbul has twice hosted direct Russia-Ukraine negotiating delegations. On 29 March 2022 the delegations met there and Ukraine publicly presented proposals on neutrality and security guarantees; in mid-May 2025 they met again for the first direct talks since early 2022, which produced agreement mainly on humanitarian steps such as prisoner exchanges.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/16/7340072/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 3.01, "position": { "x": 213.914, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["196c9a1d-b231-4010-b99e-133494d6dd3f"], "nodeImage": "196c9a1d-b231-4010-b99e-133494d6dd3f" }, { "ID": "uw-k-nuclear-signalling", "name": "Nuclear signalling", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "First appearance": "2022-02-25", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Nuclear signalling is the use of public statements and deployments to remind opponents that nuclear weapons stand behind Russian policy. After Finland and Sweden applied to NATO in May 2022 the Russian foreign ministry warned of military and political consequences, and former president Dmitry Medvedev and spokeswoman Maria Zakharova warned of consequences including possible deployment of nuclear weapons, according to the account of Finland's accession. Western governments have treated such statements as pressure aimed at deterring support for Ukraine.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations", "size": 3.28, "position": { "x": 162.977, "y": -62.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-nato-enlargement", "name": "NATO enlargement", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "First appearance": "2022-05-18", "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "NATO enlargement is the issue Russia put at the centre of its pre-war demands and the one the invasion most visibly changed. Finland and Sweden, long non-aligned, joined in 2023 and 2024 because of the invasion; Ukraine's own path has been left open at the Vilnius, Washington and Hague summits without a timetable; and Russia's proposals in 2025-2026, as reported by Reuters, include a bar on Ukrainian NATO membership.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit", "size": 3.54, "position": { "x": 250.471, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-security-guarantees", "name": "Security guarantees for Ukraine", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "First appearance": "2022-03-29", "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Security guarantees are the commitments that would deter a renewed Russian attack once fighting stops. Ukraine proposed them in Istanbul in March 2022 as the counterpart to neutrality; in August 2025 Giorgia Meloni and Ursula von der Leyen floated a model based on NATO's Article 5; in December 2025 Zelensky said US-Ukraine guarantees were fully agreed at Mar-a-Lago; and the Paris Declaration of 6 January 2026 set the coalition's conditional commitments. Their duration and the extent of any US role have remained disputed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/paris-declaration-robust-security-guarantees-solid-and-lasting-peace-ukraine_en", "size": 3.54, "position": { "x": 227.414, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-territorial-concessions", "name": "Territorial concessions", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "First appearance": "2022-03-29", "Impact score": 72 }, "description": "Territorial concessions are the question that has blocked every negotiation. Russia's side has demanded that Ukraine give up the part of Donetsk Oblast it still holds and recognise the annexations; Ukraine proposes freezing the conflict along current lines and says any ceding of land must go to a referendum. At the Alaska summit Putin rejected sanctions relief for a ceasefire and insisted on Donbas, and the Abu Dhabi rounds of 2026 again turned on Donbas, according to Al Jazeera and the Kyiv Independent.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/4/russia-ukraine-war-second-round-of-peace-talks-set-to-begin-in-abu-dhabi", "size": 3.58, "position": { "x": 221.914, "y": -74.31, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-istanbul-talks-2022", "name": "Istanbul peace talks", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-03-29", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "After three rounds in Belarus and a failed Lavrov-Kuleba meeting in Antalya, the Ukrainian and Russian delegations met in Istanbul on 29 March 2022 as Russian forces were failing around Kyiv. Ukraine presented proposals to drop NATO ambitions and accept neutrality in exchange for security guarantees from states such as the UK, US, Italy and Turkey, with the status of Crimea and Donbas left for later talks; Russia's Vladimir Medinsky said Ukraine had declared readiness to meet Russia's fundamental demands. Talks fell apart in April after the discovery of killings in Bucha and Russian refusal of Ukraine's draft; Russia's foreign minister called it unacceptable on 7 April, and Putin later said the talks had reached a dead end.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/16/7340072/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 213.914, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-annexation-four-regions", "name": "Russia annexes four Ukrainian regions", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-09-30", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "After Ukraine's Kharkiv counteroffensive and Russia's partial mobilisation, occupation authorities announced on 20 September 2022 referendums on joining Russia, held from 23 to 27 September in areas where fighting continued and many residents had fled. Russian officials claimed, for example, 93.11 percent support in Zaporizhzhia Oblast; observers and most governments condemned the votes as shams. On 30 September Putin signed accession treaties with the Russian-installed leaders in the Grand Kremlin Palace, although Russia held only part of each region. Ukraine responded by applying for NATO membership and Zelensky signed a decree barring talks with Putin; the UN General Assembly declared the annexation invalid on 12 October by 143 votes to 5.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts\nPicture: Moscow Annexation Ceremony (free image).png, kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moscow_Annexation_Ceremony_(free_image).png", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 303.812, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "images": ["7ff73128-38a8-4c24-8d53-951fddb224e6"] }, { "ID": "uw-a-partial-mobilisation", "name": "Russian partial mobilisation", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-09-21", "Policy kind": "Mobilisation", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "After Ukraine's Kharkiv counteroffensive in early September 2022 retook large areas, Putin announced partial mobilisation in a pre-recorded address on the morning of 21 September 2022 and signed Decree No. 647 the same day. Defence minister Sergei Shoigu said Russia planned to call up 300,000 reservists from a pool of about 25 million; the clause setting the exact number is classified, and Novaya Gazeta reported it allowed up to one million, which Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov called a lie. Putin said on 28 October 2022 that mobilisation was complete. Men leaving the country and poorly trained recruits sent to the front were reported consequences.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization", "size": [6.94, 4.34], "position": { "x": 283.3, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-eu-candidate-status", "name": "Ukraine granted EU candidate status", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-06-23", "Policy kind": "Accession decision", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Ukraine applied for EU membership on 28 February 2022, four days after the invasion, and the Council asked the Commission for an opinion on 10 March. After Ukraine returned the Commission's questionnaire on 9 May, the Commission recommended candidate status on 17 June, and the European Council granted it on 23 June 2022 subject to seven reforms. The decision turned a symbolic wartime application into a formal accession path, which led to the opening of negotiations decided in December 2023.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 257.824, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-finland-joins-nato", "name": "Finland joins NATO", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2023-04-04", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Finland applied with Sweden on 18 May 2022 after the invasion pushed public support for membership from roughly 20 to 30 percent to about 76 percent. The holdouts were Turkey and Hungary: Turkey objected over groups it classes as terrorist until the Madrid memorandum of 28 June 2022, and Hungary's parliament approved on 27 March 2023, Turkey's on 31 March-1 April. Finland formally became NATO's 31st member on 4 April 2023, doubling the Alliance's land border with Russia. Russia warned of military and political consequences and later halted gas supplies to Finland over payment in roubles.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 336.328, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-sweden-joins-nato", "name": "Sweden joins NATO", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2024-03-07", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Sweden's application of 18 May 2022 was held up after Finland joined because Turkey and Hungary delayed ratification of Sweden's protocol. Once both had ratified, Sweden acceded on 7 March 2024 as NATO's 32nd member. The accession closed a two-year process that had been triggered by the Russian invasion and extended the Alliance's presence across the Baltic Sea.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 396.334, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-oval-office-meeting", "name": "Zelensky and Trump clash in the Oval Office", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-02-28", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "Zelensky came to Washington on 28 February 2025 to sign a minerals agreement and press for security guarantees. About 40 minutes into a televised meeting, a Polish reporter asked about concerns that Trump was aligning with Putin; JD Vance answered that diplomacy was the path to peace, Zelensky challenged him and the exchange became a public argument, with Trump telling Zelensky he did not have the cards. Zelensky was asked to leave, the joint press conference and the signing were cancelled, and on 3 March the administration suspended military aid and shortly afterwards intelligence sharing. Allies, including European leaders at the London summit, publicly backed Zelensky; aid resumed on 11 March after talks in Jeddah.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 472.659, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "images": ["c029e022-8c8a-48d9-8415-672585076f62"] }, { "ID": "uw-a-alaska-summit", "name": "Trump and Putin meet in Alaska", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-08-15", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "After Trump's 50-day ultimatum to Russia lapsed on 8 August 2025 without sanctions, he announced a summit with Putin instead. The two met on 15 August 2025 at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson near Anchorage, in a three-on-three format. Putin argued that Ukraine and Russia were one nation, reportedly irritating Trump, who cancelled the working lunch; Trump had proposed lifting sanctions for a ceasefire, and Putin rejected that and insisted Ukraine cede Donbas. No agreement was announced and neither leader took questions. Three days later Trump hosted Zelensky and European leaders at the White House, and by October Russian deputy foreign minister Sergei Ryabkov said Anchorage's momentum was largely exhausted.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit", "size": 5.51, "position": { "x": 500.278, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "images": ["7ef19198-626a-4dfe-805a-4a367da4867a"] }, { "ID": "uw-a-us-peace-plan-2025", "name": "US 28-point peace plan", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-11-21", "Agreement kind": "Peace framework", "Status": "Proposed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "In late October 2025 Steve Witkoff, Jared Kushner and Kirill Dmitriev drafted a 28-point framework in Miami; Rustem Umerov said he was involved only technically. Axios published the text on 21 November 2025. It reportedly froze the front line in Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, barred Ukrainian NATO membership, capped the army at 600,000 and required Ukraine to cede the rest of Donbas, drawing criticism that it read as a Russian wish list. After talks in Geneva on 23 November and in Florida, Zelensky said on 2 December that the plan had been reduced to 20 points; the Financial Times reported 19. As of October 2026 it has not been agreed by Russia and remains a proposal.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "size": [6.53, 4.08], "position": { "x": 497.574, "y": -60.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-belarus-talks-first-round", "name": "First Russia-Ukraine talks in Belarus", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-02-28", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "On 27 February 2022, with Russian forces advancing on Kyiv, Zelensky and Alexander Lukashenko agreed that Ukrainian and Russian delegations would meet on the Belarus border. On 28 February the first round took place, with Arakhamia, Reznikov and Podolyak for Ukraine and Vladimir Medinsky for Russia. It produced no agreement; a second round on 3 March agreed humanitarian corridors and a third on 7 March ended with Russia saying Ukraine must accept neutrality and the independence of Donetsk and Luhansk. The rounds were the first direct negotiation of the war and set the pattern of talks running alongside fighting.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 177.403, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-un-ga-condemns-invasion", "name": "UN General Assembly condemns the invasion", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-03-02", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Russia vetoed a Security Council draft on 25 February 2022 that would have deplored the invasion, which opened the way for an emergency special session of the General Assembly. On 2 March 2022 the Assembly adopted resolution ES-11/1 by 141 votes to 5, with 35 abstentions and 12 absent, deploring the invasion, demanding full Russian withdrawal and reversal of the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk republics, and deploring Belarus's involvement. Belarus, Eritrea, North Korea, Russia and Syria voted against. The vote showed the breadth of the diplomatic isolation of Russia while many large states abstained.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 187.557, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-antalya-lavrov-kuleba", "name": "Lavrov and Kuleba meet in Antalya", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-03-10", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "With the Belarus rounds having produced little, Turkey brought the two foreign ministers together in Antalya on 10 March 2022, the first high-level face-to-face contact since the invasion. Dmytro Kuleba said he raised a 24-hour ceasefire and access for civilians leaving besieged Mariupol and got no promise from Russia; Sergei Lavrov said Russia wanted to keep negotiating and that Putin would not refuse a meeting with Zelensky on specific issues. Turkey's foreign minister said the meeting aimed to pave the way for a presidents' meeting that Erdoğan would facilitate. No such meeting happened.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/top-russia-ukraine-diplomats-arrive-in-turkey-for-talks", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 200.749, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-finland-sweden-apply", "name": "Finland and Sweden apply to join NATO", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-05-18", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "The invasion overturned decades of Finnish and Swedish non-alignment. Finland's parliament backed a bid 188 to 8 on 17 May 2022, and on 18 May both countries submitted applications together. Russia had warned on 25 February of military and political consequences; Medvedev and Zakharova later spoke of possible nuclear deployment. Turkey blocked a quick decision until a tripartite memorandum at the Madrid summit, after which NATO invited both countries on 29 June 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 240.971, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-nato-madrid-summit", "name": "NATO summit in Madrid", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-06-29", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Held on 29-30 June 2022 at the IFEMA fairgrounds, the Madrid summit came a day after Turkey dropped its objection to Finland and Sweden by signing a memorandum with them. NATO formally invited both countries on 29 June and adopted a new Strategic Concept replacing the 2010 version, which changed Russia from a strategic partner to the most significant and direct threat to Allies' security. Zelensky addressed the summit by video. The summit set the Alliance's long-term footing against Russia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 266.453, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-annexation-referendums", "name": "Russian-run referendums in occupied regions", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-09-23", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Following the Ukrainian counteroffensive and the mobilisation order, occupation authorities announced on 20 September 2022 that votes on joining Russia would run from 23 to 27 September in parts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia that Russia only partly controlled. Russian officials reported overwhelming support, for example 93.11 percent in Zaporizhzhia Oblast; independent observers and Western governments called the votes shams held under armed supervision. The result was used on 30 September to justify the annexation treaties.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 292.401, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-unsc-veto-annexation", "name": "Russia vetoes Security Council resolution on annexation", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-09-30", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "On 30 September 2022, the day Putin signed the annexation treaties, the Security Council voted on a draft condemning the annexation. It received ten votes in favour, four abstentions (Brazil, China, Gabon, India) and Russia's veto. Under the procedure adopted in 2022 a veto triggers a General Assembly debate, so the draft was carried over to the Assembly, which adopted its own resolution on 12 October.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 285.312, "y": -61.31, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-un-ga-rejects-annexation", "name": "UN General Assembly rejects the annexation", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-10-12", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "With the Security Council blocked by Russia's veto, the General Assembly took up the draft on 12 October 2022. Russia asked for a secret ballot, which the Assembly rejected 107 to 13 with 39 abstentions. Resolution ES-11/4 then passed 143 to 5 with 35 abstentions and 10 absent, declaring the referendums and annexation invalid, calling on states not to recognise them and demanding that Russia withdraw. Belarus, North Korea, Nicaragua, Russia and Syria voted against. It drew more support than the first resolution of March 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 315.204, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-g20-ten-point-plan", "name": "Zelensky presents a ten-point peace formula at the G20", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-11-15", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "After Ukrainian forces retook Kherson in November 2022, Zelensky addressed the G20 summit in Bali by video and set out a ten-point peace plan: nuclear safety around Zaporizhzhia, food and energy security, release of prisoners and deported children, restoration of Ukraine's territorial integrity and Russian withdrawal, a special tribunal, protection from ecocide, security guarantees and a signed end to the war. In December he asked G7 leaders to back a global peace summit built on it. Russia rejected it and Western leaders answered cautiously; it became the basis of the later Bürgenstock summit.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/28/what-is-zelenskyys-10-point-peace-plan", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 325.649, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-nato-vilnius-summit", "name": "NATO summit in Vilnius", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2023-07-11", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Held on 11-12 July 2023, the Vilnius summit was expected to settle Ukraine's membership path. Jens Stoltenberg said Ukraine would not become a member while the war continued and that the summit was not a formal invitation, and allies remained divided on post-war membership. On 11 July eleven nations signed a memorandum with Ukraine to create the F-16 training coalition led by Denmark and the Netherlands, and Stoltenberg said NATO had pledged 500 million euros for critical needs.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 354.264, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-pd-eu-opens-accession-talks", "name": "European Council decides to open accession talks with Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2023-12-14", "Policy kind": "Accession decision", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The Commission recommended on 8 November 2023 that accession negotiations with Ukraine be opened, and on 14 December 2023 the European Council decided to open them. Screening of Ukrainian law began on 25 January 2024, the EU agreed on 21 June 2024 to start membership negotiations, and they formally began on 25 June 2024. Candidate status had been granted on 23 June 2022 on condition of seven reforms.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 380.49, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-eu-accession-conference-2024", "name": "EU opens accession negotiations with Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2024-06-25", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Following the December 2023 decision, the EU agreed on 21 June 2024 to start membership negotiations, and on 25 June 2024 the first intergovernmental conference formally began the process with Ukraine, alongside Moldova. Opening negotiations did not set an accession date; the next stage, opening negotiating clusters, then stalled for more than a year over Hungarian objections about minority language rights.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 411.291, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-paris-trump-zelensky-macron", "name": "Trump, Zelensky and Macron meet in Paris", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2024-12-07", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "One month after winning the US election, Trump met Emmanuel Macron and Zelensky at the Elysee Palace on 7 December 2024, on the sidelines of the reopening of Notre-Dame. It was the first meeting between the president-elect and Zelensky, and signalled that the incoming administration wanted a negotiated end to the war.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 439.651, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-trump-putin-call-feb-2025", "name": "Trump and Putin speak by phone", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-02-12", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 12 February 2025, after Ukraine Defense Contact Group talks at NATO headquarters in which US defence secretary Pete Hegseth called restoring pre-2014 borders unrealistic, Trump and Putin held a phone call, the first publicly acknowledged contact of Trump's second term. The call opened direct US-Russia talks; the next day the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain insisted that Ukraine and Europe be part of any negotiation.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 449.925, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-riyadh-us-russia-talks", "name": "US and Russia hold talks in Riyadh", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-02-18", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "On 18 February 2025 Marco Rubio, Steve Witkoff and Mike Waltz met Sergei Lavrov and Yuri Ushakov in Riyadh, the first high-level US-Russia meeting on Ukraine since the invasion, without Ukrainian or European participation. They agreed to restore embassy staffing and explore economic cooperation. Ukraine and Europe objected to being excluded, which shaped the Munich Security Conference and the London summit that followed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 460.967, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-london-summit-2025", "name": "London Summit on Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-03-02", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Four days after the Oval Office clash, Keir Starmer hosted European leaders and Zelensky at Lancaster House on 2 March 2025. Starmer set out four principles: continued aid and sanctions, Ukraine in any talks, strengthened defences after a deal, and a coalition of the willing to guarantee it. Starmer and Macron proposed a one-month truce, and the UK committed 1.6 billion pounds for more than 5,000 air defence missiles. The meeting launched the coalition that signed the Paris Declaration in January 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 444.614, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-jeddah-talks", "name": "US and Ukraine meet in Jeddah", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-03-11", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "On 11 March 2025, after the US had paused military aid and intelligence sharing, US and Ukrainian officials met in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ukraine accepted a US proposal for a 30-day ceasefire, and Washington resumed aid and intelligence sharing. Russia did not accept: on 13 March Putin said issues had to be resolved before a ceasefire and Witkoff met him in Moscow the same day.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 488.515, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-istanbul-direct-talks-2025", "name": "Direct Russia-Ukraine talks resume in Istanbul", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-05-16", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Under US pressure and a 30-day ceasefire demand from Trump on 8 May, Russia and Ukraine held their first direct talks since early 2022 in Istanbul in mid-May 2025, with Vladimir Medinsky heading the Russian delegation. The session produced agreement only on humanitarian matters such as prisoner exchanges, and a swap followed on 24 May. Further rounds followed in June and July, and Putin said on 27 June that the sides' terms were absolutely contradictory.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 479.581, "y": -77.31, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-white-house-european-leaders", "name": "Zelensky and European leaders meet Trump at the White House", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-08-18", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Three days after Alaska, Zelensky and leaders of Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the UK, NATO and the European Commission met Trump on 18 August 2025. Trump said the US would offer Ukraine strong security protection without specifying its form, repeated that a ceasefire was not needed for a peace treaty, and paused the meeting for a phone call of about forty minutes to brief Putin. Giorgia Meloni and Ursula von der Leyen proposed guarantees modelled on NATO's collective defence clause; Friedrich Merz called Russia's Donbas demand like asking the United States to give up Florida. Analysts doubted the guarantees' credibility.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 482.662, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-budapest-summit-cancelled", "name": "Trump announces and shelves a Budapest summit with Putin", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-10-16", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After a Putin call on 16 October 2025 Trump announced a second summit in Budapest; on 20 October Rubio and Lavrov spoke to prepare it, and about 21 October, five days after the announcement, it was called off. Trump said on 7 November that a summit could still happen and Orban called it postponed rather than cancelled. The episode showed the limits of the momentum that began in Alaska.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 511.303, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-geneva-us-ukraine-nov-2025", "name": "US and Ukraine revise the peace plan in Geneva", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-11-23", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Within days of the 28-point plan being published, Ukrainian and US delegations met in Geneva on 23 November 2025. An updated document emerged, and a Ukrainian presidential adviser said the plan as everyone had seen it no longer existed. The Financial Times reported that the framework was cut to 19 points; Zelensky later spoke of 20. Territorial concessions, use of frozen Russian assets and a peacekeeping force remained contested.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 521.622, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-witkoff-kushner-meet-putin-dec-2025", "name": "Witkoff and Kushner meet Putin in Moscow", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-12-02", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "With the revised US plan at 20 points, Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner met Vladimir Putin in Moscow on 2 December 2025 to test Russia's reaction. Zelensky, speaking in Ireland the same day, said he was awaiting the results and was ready to meet Trump, and said future steps depended on the envoys' signals. Kremlin acceptance did not follow, and the sides moved to further rounds in Florida and then a Trump-Zelensky meeting at Mar-a-Lago.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 530.95, "y": -63.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-mar-a-lago-meeting", "name": "Trump and Zelensky meet at Mar-a-Lago", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-12-28", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Zelensky met Trump in Florida on 28 December 2025 to review the 20-point plan. Zelensky said afterwards that the plan was 90 percent agreed, US-Ukraine security guarantees 100 percent agreed and the military dimension fully agreed, and that guarantees would go to the US Congress; Trump said the sides were maybe very close. Unresolved points were control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant and the status of Donbas. Reports differ on the term of the guarantees: Zelensky asked for 30 to 50 years and one outlet reported a US offer of 15.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/12/29/8013756\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/26/zelenskyy-confirms-december-28-trump-meeting-20-point-plan-nearing-completion/", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 530.799, "y": -74.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ag-paris-declaration", "name": "Paris Declaration on security guarantees", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-01-06", "Agreement kind": "Security agreement", "Status": "Signed not in force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Meeting in Paris on 6 January 2026 with Ukraine and the United States, the coalition of the willing adopted a declaration setting out security guarantees to be activated once a ceasefire enters into force. Members would join a US-led ceasefire monitoring mechanism with a special commission on breaches, provide long-term military support, form a European-led multinational force with non-European and US participation, and finalise binding commitments for a renewed attack. A coordination cell was set up at the coalition's headquarters in Paris. Russia is not party to it, and without a ceasefire its mechanisms are not yet operative. The European External Action Service page is dated 7 January.\n\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/paris-declaration-robust-security-guarantees-solid-and-lasting-peace-ukraine_en", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 516.235, "y": -61.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-davos-trump-zelensky", "name": "Trump and Zelensky meet at Davos", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-01-22", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Trump and Zelensky met on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos on 22 January 2026. The meeting came the evening after Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner had met Putin in Moscow, and it set up the first trilateral round in Abu Dhabi the next day.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Abu_Dhabi", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 516.582, "y": -77.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-abu-dhabi-round-one", "name": "First trilateral round in Abu Dhabi", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-01-23", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 23-24 January 2026 delegations of the United States (Steve Witkoff, Jared Kushner), Ukraine (Rustem Umerov, Kyrylo Budanov) and Russia (Igor Kostyukov, Kirill Dmitriev) met at the Al Shati Palace in Abu Dhabi, the first US-brokered three-way talks. No agreement or ceasefire resulted. The UAE spokesperson cited a positive atmosphere; Russia's demand that Ukraine withdraw from the rest of Donbas remained the main sticking point, and control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant was also discussed.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Abu_Dhabi", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 540.781, "y": -70.31, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-abu-dhabi-round-two", "name": "Second trilateral round in Abu Dhabi", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-04", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The second round, postponed from 1 February because of the US-Iran nuclear dispute, ran on 4-5 February 2026 after a massive Russian missile and drone attack on Ukraine's energy grid; Zelensky accused Moscow of breaking a US-brokered pause on energy strikes. Al Jazeera reported the central obstacle as eastern Ukraine, with Moscow wanting Kyiv to withdraw from Donbas and Kyiv proposing to freeze the conflict along current lines. The round produced a 314-prisoner exchange, 157 from each side, the first in about five months.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/4/russia-ukraine-war-second-round-of-peace-talks-set-to-begin-in-abu-dhabi\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-ukraine-russia-agree-on-exchange-of-314-prisoners-during-peace-talks-us-envoy-says/", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 551.52, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-geneva-trilateral-feb-2026", "name": "Third trilateral round in Geneva", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-17", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 17-18 February 2026 delegations met in Geneva, with Vladimir Medinsky replacing Igor Kostyukov as Russia's chief negotiator. According to two sources cited by Axios, the political track stalled on 17 February over Russia's positions under Medinsky and the Ukrainian side rejected Moscow's demands as unacceptable; Steve Witkoff said there had been meaningful progress. The military track advanced, and Zelensky said the sides largely agreed on a US-led, drone-based mechanism to monitor a future ceasefire. Russia still demanded the part of Donetsk Oblast held by Ukraine.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/02/18/geneva-talks-hit-impasse-over-medinskys-demands-as-witkoff-claims-meaningful-progress/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 544.771, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-geneva-us-ukraine-feb-2026", "name": "US and Ukraine meet in Geneva on recovery", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-26", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "On 26 February 2026 Rustem Umerov met Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner in Geneva. Umerov said the sides had worked out in detail a document on restoring Ukraine and positions that would serve as a basis for future agreements, and the agenda included the proposed prosperity package. Zelensky said the next trilateral round would likely be held in Abu Dhabi in early March. Overnight Russia launched 39 missiles and 420 drones at Ukraine, according to Ukrainian officials.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/26/us-ukraine-to-meet-in-geneva-as-russia-attacks-kyiv-with-missiles-drones", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 506.722, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-trilateral-talks-stall", "name": "Trilateral talks stall after the Iran war begins", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-03-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The early-March round announced after Geneva did not take place. According to Ukrainska Pravda, the trilateral talks among Ukraine, the US and Russia effectively stalled after the US-Israeli war against Iran began in late February 2026, while Ukraine and Russia kept bilateral contact with Washington. On 19 March the Kremlin said the talks would resume once the sides aligned their schedules; on 6 April it said it kept in touch with the US despite the pause. Al Jazeera reported in October that US efforts had been paused after Washington launched its war on Iran.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/03/19/8026231", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 559.483, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ag-victory-day-truce-2026", "name": "Three-day ceasefire over Victory Day 2026", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-05-08", "Agreement kind": "Ceasefire", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Putin had asked for a short pause over the 9 May Victory Day holiday. On 8 May 2026 Trump announced a three-day ceasefire and a swap of 1,000 prisoners from each side, and Russia and Ukraine confirmed it for 9-11 May, the Kremlin's Yuri Ushakov saying it was agreed in contacts with the US administration. Both sides accused each other of violations, and the Kremlin said there were no plans to prolong it. Putin said in early May that he thought the matter was coming to an end and that he would meet Zelensky only when all conditions for a deal were settled.\n\nhttps://www.wsls.com/news/politics/2026/05/08/trump-says-russia-and-ukraine-have-agreed-to-his-request-for-a-3-day-ceasefire-and-a-prisoner-swap/\nhttps://www.channelstv.com/2026/05/10/russia-ukraine-war-nearing-end-says-putin/", "size": [5.74, 3.59], "position": { "x": 541.835, "y": -77.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-rubio-talks-on-hold", "name": "Rubio says trilateral talks are on hold", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-05-22", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Speaking to reporters on 22 May 2026 at a NATO foreign ministers' meeting in Sweden, Marco Rubio acknowledged that US-mediated negotiations had produced no meaningful results and that productive talks were not taking place, while rejecting claims that Washington pressured Ukraine and saying the US remained willing to mediate. He said no other actor appeared able to broker a settlement. Zelensky disputed the idea that talks had stopped, and Kyrylo Budanov said on 1 June that technical-level talks had never ended.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/01/8037322/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 568.064, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-hungary-lifts-accession-veto", "name": "Hungary lifts its veto on Ukraine's EU accession talks", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-06-03", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "After Peter Magyar replaced Viktor Orban as Hungarian prime minister, Budapest gave its consent on 3 June 2026 to opening the first negotiating cluster, according to Ukrainian press summaries of Politico and Financial Times reporting, in exchange for an agreement on the rights of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine. European Pravda reported on 2 June that diplomats said the veto might be lifted but that a Hungarian official said no agreement had been reached. The step ended a block that had lasted 17 months.\n\nhttps://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/2/7238850/\nhttps://razomua.media/en/news/politika/yes-vidkryvaye-perehovornyy-klaster-z-ukrayinoyu-pislya-17-misyatsiv-uhorskoho-veto", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 575.23, "y": -61.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-eu-opens-first-cluster", "name": "EU opens the first accession cluster with Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-06-15", "Event kind": "Accession", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "On 15 June 2026, at an intergovernmental conference in Luxembourg, the EU formally opened the Fundamentals cluster, five chapters on rule of law, judicial independence, anti-corruption, public administration and economic criteria, with Ukraine and, in a separate conference, Moldova. Opening a cluster is not membership and sets no accession date. Hungary then objected on 23 June to opening the remaining clusters together, and Peter Magyar argued the process should proceed step by step.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union\nhttps://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/2/7238850/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 575.891, "y": -74.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-ev-nato-ankara-summit", "name": "NATO summit in Ankara", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-07-07", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The 36th NATO summit was held in Ankara on 7-8 July 2026, with Zelensky attending. Before it, allies were expected to pledge 70 billion euros a year in defence aid to Ukraine for 2026-2027 without US financial contributions and to review progress toward the 5 percent target set at The Hague. Zelensky came seeking Patriot interceptors and, according to Kyiv Independent, the summit risked being overshadowed by a rift between Trump and allies who refused to back his war on Iran.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-lands-in-turkey-for-nato-summit/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_NATO_summit", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 552.5, "y": -83.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-na-euromaidan-plan-shrinks", "name": "Zelenskyy awaits Kushner-Putin meeting results as peace plan shrinks from 28 to 20 points", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-12-02", "Publisher": "Euromaidan Press", "Headline": "Zelenskyy awaits Kushner-Putin meeting results as peace plan shrinks from 28 to 20 points", "URL": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Maria Tril" }, "description": "Euromaidan Press reported on 2 December 2025 that Zelensky, speaking in Ireland, confirmed the revised US-backed peace plan had 20 points after consultations in Geneva and Florida. He said some things still needed to be worked out and that he was awaiting the outcome of Steve Witkoff's and Jared Kushner's meeting with Putin. The article recalled that the original 28-point text would have required Ukraine to cede the rest of Donbas and halve its armed forces, and that the Financial Times counted 19 points.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/02/zelenskyy-awaits-kushner-putin-meeting-results-as-peace-plan-shrinks-from-28-to-20-points/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 538.51, "y": -63.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-na-euromaidan-geneva-impasse", "name": "Geneva talks hit impasse over Medinsky's demands as Witkoff claims 'meaningful progress'", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-18", "Publisher": "Euromaidan Press", "Headline": "Geneva talks hit impasse over Medinsky's demands as Witkoff claims 'meaningful progress'", "URL": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/02/18/geneva-talks-hit-impasse-over-medinskys-demands-as-witkoff-claims-meaningful-progress/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Yuri Zoria" }, "description": "Euromaidan Press, relaying Axios reporting, said the political track of the third trilateral round stalled in Geneva on 17 February 2026 after Russia put Vladimir Medinsky in charge of its delegation, while Steve Witkoff claimed meaningful progress. It reported that the military track advanced, with agreement on a US-led, drone-based mechanism to monitor a future ceasefire, and that Zelensky criticised the US for pressuring Ukraine in public rather than Russia.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/02/18/geneva-talks-hit-impasse-over-medinskys-demands-as-witkoff-claims-meaningful-progress/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 552.331, "y": -59.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-na-aj-next-talks-abu-dhabi", "name": "Ukraine's Zelenskyy says next Russia talks likely in Abu Dhabi next month", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-26", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Ukraine's Zelenskyy says next Russia talks likely in Abu Dhabi next month", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/26/us-ukraine-to-meet-in-geneva-as-russia-attacks-kyiv-with-missiles-drones", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Al Jazeera Staff and AFP" }, "description": "Al Jazeera, with AFP, reported on 26 February 2026 that Zelensky expected the next trilateral round in Abu Dhabi in early March after a US-Ukraine meeting in Geneva on post-war reconstruction. It noted that previous rounds had not produced a breakthrough and that territory, especially Donbas, was the main obstacle, quoted Lavrov saying Russia had no deadlines, and reported a swap of 1,000 Ukrainian bodies for 35 Russian ones and an overnight attack of 39 missiles and 420 drones.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/26/us-ukraine-to-meet-in-geneva-as-russia-attacks-kyiv-with-missiles-drones", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 513.472, "y": -58.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-na-up-rubio-endless-meetings", "name": "Rubio on Ukraine talks: we're not interested in endless meetings that lead to nothing", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-05-22", "Publisher": "Ukrainska Pravda", "Headline": "Rubio on Ukraine talks: we're not interested in endless meetings that lead to nothing", "URL": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Khrystyna Bondarieva, Tetyana Vysotska" }, "description": "Ukrainska Pravda, citing European Pravda, reported that on 22 May 2026 Marco Rubio acknowledged US-mediated talks had produced no meaningful results, rejected claims of US pressure on Ukraine and said Washington remained willing to mediate. It added that trilateral talks had effectively stalled since the US-Israeli war against Iran began in late February and that EU foreign ministers were to discuss possible negotiator candidates.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 575.314, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-dq-trump-dont-have-the-cards", "name": "You don't have the cards right now. With us, you start having cards.", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-02-28", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting" }, "description": "Donald Trump to Volodymyr Zelensky in the Oval Office on 28 February 2025, as the meeting turned into a public argument. Quoted in English as reported in the account of the meeting. Trump also said Zelensky should make a deal or the US would be out. The meeting ended with Zelensky leaving the White House without signing the planned minerals agreement, and three days later the United States paused military aid to Ukraine.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 480.899, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-dq-vance-disrespectful", "name": "I think it's disrespectful for you to come to the Oval Office and try to litigate this in front of the American media.", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2025-02-28", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting" }, "description": "JD Vance to Volodymyr Zelensky in the Oval Office on 28 February 2025, after Zelensky questioned what kind of diplomacy Vance meant. Quoted in English as reported in the account of the meeting. The exchange turned into the public clash in which Trump told Zelensky he did not have the cards. Zelensky left without signing the minerals agreement, and on 3 March the US paused military aid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 480.399, "y": -66.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-dq-zelensky-two-documents", "name": "The peace treaty with Russia could comprise two separate documents.", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2022-04-16", "Language": "Ukrainian", "Source URL": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/16/7340072/" }, "description": "Volodymyr Zelensky on 16 April 2022, as rendered in English by Ukrainska Pravda. He described one document on security guarantees for Ukraine and one on Ukraine's relationship with Russia, with the UK, US, Italy and Turkey named as possible guarantors.\n\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/16/7340072/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 221.264, "y": -66.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-dq-witkoff-detailed-productive", "name": "This outcome was achieved from peace talks that have been detailed and productive", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-05", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/breaking-ukraine-russia-agree-on-exchange-of-314-prisoners-during-peace-talks-us-envoy-says/" }, "description": "Steve Witkoff on 5 February 2026 after the Abu Dhabi round, as quoted by the Kyiv Independent. He was referring to the 157-for-157 prisoner exchange agreed at the talks. The second trilateral round in Abu Dhabi on 4 and 5 February brought together delegations of Ukraine, Russia and the United States, and the exchange was the first in about five months.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-ukraine-russia-agree-on-exchange-of-314-prisoners-during-peace-talks-us-envoy-says/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 559.23, "y": -68.81, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-dip-dq-zelensky-long-pause", "name": "Today's exchange came after a long pause, and it is critical that we were able to make it happen", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-05", "Language": "Ukrainian", "Source URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/breaking-ukraine-russia-agree-on-exchange-of-314-prisoners-during-peace-talks-us-envoy-says/" }, "description": "Volodymyr Zelensky on 5 February 2026 on the first prisoner exchange in about five months, which followed the Abu Dhabi talks. Quoted in English by the Kyiv Independent; Zelensky said Moscow had halted the process during the pause. The exchange of 157 prisoners each was agreed during the second trilateral round in Abu Dhabi, mediated by the United States.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/breaking-ukraine-russia-agree-on-exchange-of-314-prisoners-during-peace-talks-us-envoy-says/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 558.73, "y": -66.31, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-olaf-scholz", "name": "Olaf Scholz", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Chancellor of Germany 2021–2025", "Nationality": "Germany", "First appearance": "2022-02-27", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Olaf Scholz was Chancellor of Germany from December 2021 until Friedrich Merz took office in May 2025. Three days after the invasion he told the Bundestag that 24 February 2022 marked a watershed, announced a 100 billion euro fund for the armed forces and confirmed that Germany would supply Ukraine with weapons, a break with Germany's post-war practice of not arming parties to a conflict. His government was then criticised for slow heavy-weapons deliveries in 2022. On 5 January 2023 he agreed to send Marder and Bradley vehicles, on 25 January 2023 he approved Leopard 2 tanks, and on 31 May 2024 he allowed Ukraine to use German weapons against targets in Russia.\n\nhttps://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/search/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitenwende", "size": 3.46, "position": { "x": 173.215, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-c-germany", "name": "Germany", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2019-10-01", "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "Germany went from refusing to deliver lethal weapons to Ukraine before the invasion to becoming Europe's largest military donor. After Chancellor Scholz's decision of 26 February 2022 it sent anti-tank weapons, then Gepard anti-aircraft tanks and howitzers in 2022, and from January 2023 Marder vehicles and Leopard 2 tanks, followed by IRIS-T and Patriot air defence. Berlin budgeted 7.1 billion euros for 2024 and 11.5 billion euros for 2026. The Kiel Institute noted in October 2026 that the government's figure of 100 billion euros in total support includes money spent inside Germany on refugees, and counted 41.7 billion euros as bilateral aid that reached Ukraine. In October 2026 Chancellor Merz added another aid package in Kyiv.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitenwende\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-only-eur-417-billion-of-germanys-eur-100-billion-went-to-ukraine/\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/17/ramstein-2025-ukraine-45-billion-military-aid-commitments/", "size": [4.73, 4.73], "position": { "x": 97.478, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["692beecd-a2f8-4952-8dab-be51be5670ca"], "nodeImage": "692beecd-a2f8-4952-8dab-be51be5670ca" }, { "ID": "uw-c-ukraine-defense-contact-group", "name": "Ukraine Defense Contact Group", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "International organisation", "First appearance": "2022-04-26", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "The Ukraine Defense Contact Group, known as the Ramstein format, is the standing forum in which defence ministers of Ukraine's backers match Ukrainian requests with national donations. It grew out of the meeting that US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin held at Ramstein Air Base on 26 April 2022, which announced a monthly contact group; 54 members had joined by February 2023. Meetings alternate between Ramstein, NATO headquarters and video links, and new capability coalitions for tanks, aircraft, air defence and drones grew out of them. Austin chaired until January 2025; the United Kingdom and Germany took over co-chairmanship in April 2025 and, with nearly 50 nations, held the 34th meeting in Berlin on 15 April 2026 and the 35th at NATO headquarters on 18 June 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group\nhttps://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/04/26/us-allies-to-meet-monthly-on-ukraine-defense-needs/\nhttps://www.gov.uk/government/news/750-million-package-to-provide-ukraine-with-150000-drones-and-boost-air-defence", "size": [4.45, 4.45], "position": { "x": 237.382, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-k-ammunition-shortage", "name": "Artillery ammunition shortage", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "First appearance": "2023-03-20", "Impact score": 62 }, "description": "By 2023 Ukraine was firing artillery shells faster than allies could produce them, and Western stockpiles were running low. In March 2023 the EU adopted a plan to send one million 155-mm shells within twelve months, financed from the European Peace Facility, but by January 2024 the EU's foreign policy chief admitted the target would be missed. Allies then looked for shells outside the EU, notably through the Czech initiative, and in December 2023 the CSIS analyst Mark Cancian warned that once US drawdown funds ran out, deliveries would fall to a fraction of the counteroffensive peak by mid-2024. The shortage fed directly into the decision to expand arms production in Europe and Ukraine.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Peace_Facility\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-ending-military-aid-ukraine-gradual-decline-then-collapse", "size": 3.4, "position": { "x": 335.289, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-ramstein-first-meeting", "name": "First Ramstein meeting of Ukraine's backers", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-04-26", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "By April 2022 the Russian offensive had moved from Kyiv to the Donbas, an artillery war in which Ukraine needed heavier weapons than allies had so far delivered. After a visit to Kyiv by himself and Secretary of State Antony Blinken, US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin convened defence leaders from more than 40 countries at Ramstein Air Base on 26 April 2022. Austin said the aim was to help Ukraine win, and announced a standing contact group that would meet monthly and work with the defence industries of its members. Germany used the occasion to say it would supply Gepard anti-aircraft tanks, a notable change of line, and Canada and others announced heavy-weapon shipments. At that point nations had supplied over 5 billion dollars of equipment, about 3.7 billion of it from the United States, according to Defense News.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting\nhttps://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/04/26/us-allies-to-meet-monthly-on-ukraine-defense-needs/", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 231.882, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-tank-decision", "name": "Germany and the US agree to send main battle tanks", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-01-25", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Since April 2022 Ukraine had asked for Western main battle tanks, but Germany would not release Leopard 2 tanks unless the United States also sent Abrams, and the Ramstein meeting of 20 January 2023 ended without a decision. On 22 January German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said Berlin would not stand in the way of a Polish transfer, and on 24 January Poland formally asked for permission. On 25 January 2023 the German government confirmed it would send 14 Leopard 2A6 tanks and allow other countries to re-export Leopards, and the White House announced the same day that the US would send 31 M1 Abrams, bought from industry under the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative rather than taken from stocks, with delivery months away. Stars and Stripes reported that German officials had tied their move to US participation.\n\nhttps://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-01-25/abrams-tanks-ukraine-russia-pentagon-8884907.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_2", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 319.821, "y": -96.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-us-supplemental-2024", "name": "US Ukraine security supplemental of April 2024", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-04-24", "Aid kind": "Mixed", "Value EUR bn": 56.9, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "US aid to Ukraine had been frozen since the previous supplemental ran out at the end of 2023: on 4 December 2023 the administration warned funds would last only to year-end, and on 6 December the Senate blocked a bill with aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan. After the Senate passed a version containing 61 billion dollars for Ukraine on 13 February 2024, the House approved a 95 billion dollar package for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan on 20 April, the Senate followed on 23 April, and President Biden signed it on 24 April 2024. The Pentagon announced a first 1 billion dollar drawdown the same day, and on 26 April a 6 billion dollar package with Patriot and NASAMS missiles. The White House later cited the 61 billion dollars when describing the bilateral security agreement of June 2024. Ukraine's Western commanders linked the months-long delay to ammunition shortages at the front.\n\nhttps://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/fact-sheet-us-ukraine-bilateral-security-agreement\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 423.571, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-g7-era-loan", "name": "G7 loans backed by frozen Russian assets", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-10-23", "Aid kind": "Financial", "Value EUR bn": 45.9, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The G7 had immobilised about 300 billion dollars of Russian central bank assets in 2022, and by 2024 the interest earned on them, more than 3 billion dollars a year, offered a way to fund Ukraine without confiscating the principal. At the G7 summit on 13 June 2024 leaders agreed to a loan of 50 billion dollars, repaid from those windfall proceeds; the New York Times reported on 23 October 2024 that the G7 had finalised the plan, with the United States contributing 20 billion dollars and the rest coming from the EU, Britain, Canada and Japan. The loans, called Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) loans, are paid in tranches to Ukraine's budget and, in the UK's case, to military purchases. The loan became the largest single source of budget support in late 2024 and 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiscation_of_Russian_central_bank_funds\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)\nhttps://www.gov.uk/government/news/750-million-package-to-provide-ukraine-with-150000-drones-and-boost-air-defence", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 434.928, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-us-aid-pause-2025", "name": "US pauses military aid and intelligence sharing", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-03-03", "Policy kind": "Decree", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "After the clash between Presidents Trump and Zelensky in the Oval Office on 28 February 2025, the White House paused military aid to Ukraine on Monday 3 March; US European Command confirmed it had been ordered to pause security assistance to the Ukrainian armed forces. On 5 March CIA director John Ratcliffe confirmed to Fox Business that intelligence sharing was also paused, calling it temporary and tying it to the question of whether Zelensky was committed to the peace process. National security adviser Mike Waltz said the administration was pausing and reviewing all aspects of the relationship. Zelensky called the clash regrettable and said he wanted to repair relations. The pause ended on 11 March 2025, after Ukraine said it was open to a 30-day ceasefire at talks in Saudi Arabia.\n\nThe Wall Street Journal reported that the intelligence pause covered targeting data for strikes and warnings of Russian missile and drone launches, and the Washington Post reported that it also barred the UK from passing US intelligence on. Ukraine relies on US intelligence to plan precision strikes, track Russian troops and detect air attacks.\n\nhttps://gulfnews.com/world/americas/us-pauses-intelligence-sharing-with-ukraine-1.500053086\nhttps://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/us-pauses-intelligence-sharing-with-ukraine/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.rferl.org/amp/us-intelligence-sharing-ukraine-russia-trump-zelenskyy/33337479.html\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/03/06/7501480/\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-resumes-sharing-intelligence-with-ukraine-gabbard-confirms/", "size": [6.82, 4.26], "position": { "x": 462.648, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-minerals-deal", "name": "US-Ukraine minerals agreement", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-04-30", "Agreement kind": "Economic agreement", "Status": "In force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "In February 2025 the Trump administration asked Ukraine for a share of its mineral resources as payment for past US aid, and reports of a first draft, which Zelensky rejected for lacking security guarantees, preceded the Oval Office clash on 28 February that delayed the signing. After the aid pause ended, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Ukrainian First Deputy Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko signed the agreement in Washington on 30 April 2025. It creates a jointly managed US-Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund in which Ukraine contributes 50% of revenue from new mineral, oil and gas projects, new US military aid counts as a US capital contribution, and Ukraine does not repay past aid. The deal contains no security guarantee, which CSIS pointed out; it took effect in May 2025.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/the-full-text-of-the-us-ukraine-minerals-agreement/\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/what-know-about-signed-us-ukraine-minerals-deal\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_Mineral_Resources_Agreement", "size": [5.57, 3.48], "position": { "x": 474.006, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-zeitenwende-speech", "name": "Scholz announces a watershed in German security policy", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-02-27", "Event kind": "Speech", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Germany had refused to supply lethal weapons to Ukraine before the invasion and had offered only helmets. After Russia attacked on 24 February 2022, Chancellor Olaf Scholz decided on 26 February that Germany would supply Ukraine with weapons for its defence, and on Sunday 27 February he addressed an emergency session of the Bundestag in Berlin. He said 24 February 2022 marked a watershed in the history of the continent, announced a one-off 100 billion euro fund in the 2022 federal budget for the armed forces and said defence spending would exceed 2% of GDP. Most parties welcomed the speech; the Left and the AfD criticised it. The term Zeitenwende became the label for the policy, though critics later accused the government of slow implementation, and heavy weapons for Ukraine were delayed throughout 2022.\n\nhttps://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/search/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitenwende", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 157.715, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-f16-pledges", "name": "Denmark and the Netherlands pledge F-16 fighters", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-08-20", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Ukraine's air force had been asking for Western fighters since 2022, and a coalition for pilot training was already running when the United States approved the transfer of F-16s from Denmark and the Netherlands on 17 August 2023. Three days later, on 20 August, Zelensky visited both countries. Denmark pledged 19 aircraft, with Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen hoping that the first six could arrive around the new year, eight more the next year and five in 2025. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte gave no number or timeline, and Zelensky said Ukraine would receive 42 jets in total. Ukrainian pilot training was expected to take at least six months; the first jets arrived in Ukraine in summer 2024.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2023/08/20/denmark-and-netherlands-pledge-to-give-f-16-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-as-zelenskyy-visits\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_training_coalition", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 371.447, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-senate-blocks-aid", "name": "Senate blocks Ukraine funding as US drawdown money runs out", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-12-06", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "By autumn 2023 the Biden administration had used almost all the funds Congress had appropriated for replenishing weapons sent to Ukraine. On 4 December 2023 it warned that military aid funding would run out by the end of the year and asked Congress for more. Two days later the Senate blocked a funding bill that included aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, with every Republican senator voting against it. A CSIS analysis by Mark Cancian on 19 December 2023 estimated that deliveries would fall to about 12% of the counteroffensive peak by early summer 2024, that only about 4.4 billion dollars of drawdown authority remained, and that December transfers were about a fifth of the earlier average. The US sent only small packages, of 200 and 250 million dollars, until the supplemental of April 2024.\n\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-ending-military-aid-ukraine-gradual-decline-then-collapse\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 386.695, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-house-passes-supplemental", "name": "US House and Senate pass the Ukraine supplemental", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-04-20", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Aid for Ukraine was held up for about six months in a dispute within the Republican-led House, after the Senate had passed a bill with 61 billion dollars for Ukraine on 13 February 2024. On 20 April 2024 the House finally approved a 95 billion dollar package covering Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, the Senate passed it on 23 April and President Biden signed it on 24 April. The package became the legal basis for new US weapons deliveries after months in which Ukrainian commanders had warned of shell shortages on the front line, and its passage was followed by announcements of 1 billion and then 6 billion dollars of military aid within days.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 412.192, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-ramstein-dec-2025", "name": "Thirty-second Ramstein meeting announces 2026 pledges", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-16", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "At the end of 2025 US weapons deliveries had largely moved to a scheme financed by European allies, and Ukraine needed donors to commit to 2026 early. At the thirty-second meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group, held by video on 16 December 2025, Ukrainian Defence Minister Denys Shmyhal said 2025 had been the most productive year of Western military aid since the invasion and that partners were on track to deliver 45 billion dollars if commitments were met. Seventeen nations announced 2026 pledges, among them Germany with 11.5 billion euros, Norway with about 7 billion dollars, the Netherlands with 700 million euros for drones and Denmark with a 250 million euro package. Shmyhal put Ukraine's defence needs for 2026 at 120 billion dollars and asked partners to give at least 0.25% of GDP.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/17/ramstein-2025-ukraine-45-billion-military-aid-commitments/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 494.907, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-european-council-90bn", "name": "EU leaders agree a 90 billion euro loan and shelve the reparations loan", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-19", "Event kind": "Summit", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "By autumn 2025 Ukraine faced a financing gap of about 137 billion euros for 2026 and 2027, according to IMF estimates cited in the press, and the European Commission proposed on 3 December to use immobilised Russian central bank assets, about 210 billion euros held in Europe, to back a reparations loan. Belgium, which holds most of the assets through Euroclear, opposed it for fear of Russian retaliation. At the European Council of 18 and 19 December 2025 leaders instead agreed to borrow jointly 90 billion euros for 2026 and 2027, with the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia excluded from the guarantees. Ukraine would repay only if Russia paid reparations, and the Commission was asked to keep working on the asset option.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiscation_of_Russian_central_bank_funds\nhttps://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-eur90bn-loan-for-ukraine-without-using-frozen-russian-assets-en-news", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 526.827, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-hungary-vetoes-loan", "name": "Hungary blocks the EU loan over the Druzhba pipeline", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2026-02-01", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán had endorsed the 90 billion euro loan in December 2025 and secured an opt-out for his country. In February 2026 he vetoed the loan and the 20th sanctions package after the Druzhba pipeline, which carries Russian crude to Hungary and Slovakia, went offline following a Russian attack in late January. Budapest and Bratislava accused Kyiv of withholding transit, and Slovakia said it would approve the sanctions package only once oil arrived. The Kiel Institute attributed a sharp fall in European financial aid in early 2026 largely to the loan being blocked for months. The standoff ended in April after repairs and Orbán's election defeat.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-druzhba-eu-loan/\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-military-aid-holds-steady-as-focus-shifts-to-drones/", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 521.296, "y": -94.93, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ev-eu-approves-loan", "name": "EU gives final approval to the 90 billion euro Ukraine Support Loan", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2026-04-23", "Event kind": "Vote", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Hungary and Slovakia had linked their consent to the loan and to the 20th sanctions package to the resumption of Russian oil transit through the Druzhba pipeline. After Ukraine repaired the line, Zelensky said on 21 April 2026 that repairs were complete, oil flowed again from 22 April, and EU ambassadors cleared the loan the same day with no debate. A written procedure ended the next afternoon without objection and the EU formally approved the loan on 23 April 2026 at a summit in Cyprus, together with the sanctions package. Orbán had lost the 12 April election to Péter Magyar, who said he would not block a loan that did not involve Hungarian funds. Brussels planned to pay 45 billion euros in 2026, 16.7 billion for budget support and 28.3 billion for defence.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-druzhba-eu-loan/\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/04/23/eu-approves-large-loan-to-ukraine-and-20th-sanctions-package-against-russia-after-hungary-drops-opposition", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 542.218, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-germany-decides-weapons", "name": "Germany decides to supply Ukraine with weapons", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-02-26", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "For years Germany had refused to export lethal weapons into conflict zones, and as late as the days before the invasion it had offered Ukraine only non-lethal equipment. On 26 February 2022, two days after Russia's attack and under pressure from allies, the German government decided to supply Ukraine with weapons for its defence; Chancellor Scholz confirmed this to the Bundestag the next day with the words that Germany had decided it the day before. The first deliveries were anti-tank weapons and Stinger missiles, and the decision opened the way for German heavy weapons such as the Gepard anti-aircraft tank, announced at Ramstein in April 2022. It is regarded as the practical core of the Zeitenwende.\n\nhttps://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/search/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitenwende", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 166.549, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-us-approves-f16s", "name": "US approves transfer of F-16 fighters to Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-08-17", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Ukraine's request for fighter aircraft had been refused through 2022 and early 2023, even though a coalition was training Ukrainian pilots. On 17 August 2023 the Biden administration approved the transfer of F-16s from Denmark and the Netherlands, since the US must authorise re-exports of American-made aircraft. Denmark and the Netherlands pledged jets three days later and Norway and Belgium followed, together about 87 aircraft. The decision gave Ukraine the means to replace its ageing Soviet-built fighters in the long run and to launch Western air-defence and stand-off weapons, but deliveries began only in summer 2024 and the Netherlands completed its 24 aircraft in May 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_training_coalition\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2023/08/20/denmark-and-netherlands-pledge-to-give-f-16-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-as-zelenskyy-visits", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 363.023, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-us-allows-kharkiv-strikes", "name": "US lets Ukraine hit targets across the border near Kharkiv", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-05-30", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "In May 2024 Russia attacked Kharkiv Oblast from across the border, where Russian artillery and aircraft were out of reach because Washington barred use of US-supplied weapons inside Russia. Ukraine and several allies pressed for the restriction to be eased. On 30 May 2024 President Biden permitted Ukraine to use US-supplied weapons against Russian units near Kharkiv. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg reiterated at the Prague foreign ministers' meeting on 31 May that Ukraine had the right to hit legitimate military targets in Russia, while reports said Biden had acted secretly. Other allies followed with their own conditions, and the permission was limited to the border area and self-defence.\n\nhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/nato-chief-reiterates-ukraines-right-to-strike-legitimate-military-targets-inside-russia/3236097\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 407.325, "y": -110.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-germany-allows-strikes", "name": "Germany lets Ukraine use its weapons against targets in Russia", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-05-31", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "After the United States allowed limited use of its weapons near Kharkiv, Berlin faced the question of whether Ukraine could also fire German-supplied weapons, such as howitzers and rocket launchers, at Russian territory. On 31 May 2024 Chancellor Scholz allowed Ukraine to use German weapons against targets in Russia, following the US decision, and Germany confirmed that its weapons could be used near Kharkiv. At the same meeting NATO reported differing positions: Italy ruled out any use of its weapons in Russia, the Netherlands and Estonia were open to lifting restrictions, and Belgium kept its opposition. France allowed use of SCALP missiles against missile launch sites in Russia on 28 May.\n\nhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/nato-chief-reiterates-ukraines-right-to-strike-legitimate-military-targets-inside-russia/3236097\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)", "size": [5.38, 3.36], "position": { "x": 413.497, "y": -110.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-atacms-inside-russia", "name": "Biden allows ATACMS strikes inside Russia", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-11-17", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Ukraine had used shorter-range ATACMS since October 2023 and longer-range versions since early 2024, but Washington had barred their use against targets inside Russia, apart from the Kharkiv exception of May 2024. After North Korean troops arrived in Russia's Kursk region in autumn 2024, the Biden administration reversed its position on 17 November 2024 and allowed Ukraine to use long-range US weapons against military targets in mainland Russia. On 19 November Ukraine fired ATACMS at an ammunition depot near Karachev in the Bryansk region, and on 25 November hit an S-400 system at an airbase in Kursk Oblast. Moscow cited the decision in its updated nuclear doctrine, and Trump allies criticised it as an escalation.\n\nhttps://www.twz.com/land/u-s-supplied-atacms-missile-strike-inside-russia-have-begun\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATACMS\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 434.476, "y": -95.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-us-resumes-aid", "name": "US resumes military aid and intelligence sharing", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-03-11", "Policy kind": "Decree", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The aid and intelligence pause of early March 2025 ended after talks between US and Ukrainian delegations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. On 11 March 2025 the United States lifted the pause on military aid and intelligence sharing after Ukraine said it was open to a 30-day ceasefire. President Zelensky had called the Oval Office clash regrettable and said Kyiv was ready to negotiate and to sign the minerals agreement. The restart did not return US aid to its earlier level: the Biden-era appropriations were nearly spent, no new US packages were announced in 2025, and the Kiel Institute counted that American military aid stopped being announced from the start of 2025.\n\nOn 12 March Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard confirmed that the intelligence pause had ended. Ukrainian officials said the full effect of the week-long pause was unclear; Russia made a significant breakthrough in Kursk Oblast in the same period. Trump envoy Steve Witkoff said the restrictions had not affected defensive intelligence.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/ukraine-support-tracker-europe-fails-to-offset-us-aid-drop/\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/us-resumes-sharing-intelligence-with-ukraine-gabbard-confirms/", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 462.515, "y": -98.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-purl-launch", "name": "Trump and Rutte launch NATO-financed US arms for Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-07-14", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "With the US Congress no longer appropriating money for Ukraine and Europe wanting US-made Patriot missiles it could not buy fast enough, Trump agreed with NATO a way to move American weapons to Kyiv at allies' expense. On 14 July 2025 in the Oval Office, Trump and NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte announced that NATO members would buy billions of dollars of US arms, including Patriot batteries, and send them to Ukraine; Trump said the United States would pay nothing and Rutte called it only the first wave. Germany, Canada, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Britain were named as buyers. NATO then built a list of Ukrainian priorities, the Prioritised Ukraine Requirements List (PURL), with packages of about 500 million dollars each; the first two were approved on 16 September 2025.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/4014964-nato-to-pay-for-usmade-weapons-for-ukraine-rutte.html\nhttps://thejakartapost.com/world/2025/07/15/after-nato-talks-trump-threatens-russia-to-push-peace-deal-with-ukraine.html\nhttps://www.dtnext.in/news/world/trump-to-meet-nato-secretary-general-as-plan-takes-shape-for-ukraine-weapons-sales-840000", "size": [6.53, 4.08], "position": { "x": 480.819, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-pd-patriot-licence", "name": "US agrees to license Patriot interceptor production in Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2026-07-08", "Policy kind": "Weapons permission", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "By mid-2026 Ukraine's air force was running short of ballistic-missile interceptors: it reportedly could not intercept any of 23 ballistic missiles in one Russian attack, and global output of PAC-3 missiles was only a few hundred a year. At the NATO summit in Ankara on 7 and 8 July 2026 President Trump told Zelensky the United States would license Ukraine to manufacture Patriot interceptors and share the technical know-how, calling it pretty cool. European Pravda called it the main achievement of Zelensky's trip, and an FPRI analyst expects production to take place in Germany or another European country to keep it out of Russian range. Production in Ukraine will take time and does not solve the immediate shortage.\n\nhttps://www.fpri.org/article/2026/07/fpri-expert-react-nato-summit-in-ankara/\nhttps://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/articles/2026/07/9/7241284/index.amp\nhttps://sundayguardianlive.com/world/nato-in-ankara-pledges-70-billion-to-kyiv-ukraine-as-trump-signals-breakthrough-on-peace-deal-war-with-russia-231367/", "size": [5.74, 3.59], "position": { "x": 552.993, "y": -96.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ag-g7-joint-declaration", "name": "G7 Joint Declaration of Support for Ukraine", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-07-12", "Agreement kind": "Security agreement", "Status": "In force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "At the NATO summit in Vilnius on 12 July 2023, Ukraine was not offered a date for NATO membership. To compensate, the G7 leaders presented a framework for bilateral long-term security commitments to Ukraine, the Joint Declaration of Support. Other countries were invited to join; by 17 August 2023, according to Ukrinform, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden had signed on, and Albania joined on 21 September. The declaration led to the 2024 series of 10-year bilateral security agreements with Ukraine, beginning with the United Kingdom in January 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_G7_summit", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 354.602, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ag-germany-security", "name": "Germany-Ukraine security agreement", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-02-16", "Agreement kind": "Security agreement", "Status": "In force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "On 16 February 2024 Chancellor Olaf Scholz and President Zelensky signed a bilateral security agreement in Berlin, one of the first under the G7 framework. Germany promised long-term military and financial support, including 7.1 billion euros for 2024 and a separate package of 1.13 billion euros. The agreement came as US aid had stalled in Congress and Germany was becoming Ukraine's largest European donor, but it did not include the Taurus cruise missiles that Ukraine had requested and that the Bundestag had rejected on 17 January 2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)", "size": [5.57, 3.48], "position": { "x": 389.682, "y": -95.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ag-us-security", "name": "US-Ukraine bilateral security agreement", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-06-13", "Agreement kind": "Security agreement", "Status": "In force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "After the US Congress delivered the 61 billion dollar supplemental in April 2024, Washington turned to a longer-term commitment. On 13 June 2024, at the G7 summit in Italy, President Biden and President Zelensky signed a 10-year bilateral security agreement. According to the White House fact sheet it commits the parties to building Ukraine's defence and deterrence capacity, including expanded intelligence sharing and NATO-standard interoperability, to support Ukraine's defence industry, economy and energy security, and to consult at the highest levels within 24 hours if Russia launches a new armed attack. The fact sheet said 15 other countries had completed similar agreements and 16 were negotiating them. It is an executive agreement and does not bind later administrations.\n\nhttps://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/fact-sheet-us-ukraine-bilateral-security-agreement\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)", "size": [5.74, 3.59], "position": { "x": 415.617, "y": -95.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-us-committed-jan-2023", "name": "US aid commitments to Ukraine, January 2023", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-01-15", "Indicator": "Aid committed", "Value": 73.1, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "The Kiel Institute's Ukraine Support Tracker counted government commitments of military, financial and humanitarian aid from 24 January 2022. In its update of 21 February 2023, covering data collected up to 15 January 2023, it reported that the United States had committed just over 73.1 billion euros, including nearly 37 billion euros of new pledges in December 2022 alone, such as the omnibus funding bill. This put the US well ahead of the EU institutions and member states combined, whose comparable figure was 54.9 billion euros. The Kiel figures count pledges, not deliveries, and convert dollars at the exchange rate of the announcement.\n\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/one-year-of-support-to-ukraine-us-leads-eu-follows", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 308.107, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-eu-committed-jan-2023", "name": "EU aid commitments to Ukraine, January 2023", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-01-15", "Indicator": "Aid committed", "Value": 54.9, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "In the same Kiel update of 21 February 2023, the aid pledged by the EU institutions and the member states together up to 15 January 2023 was 54.9 billion euros, against just over 73.1 billion euros from the United States. After the first year of the war the EU's total consisted largely of national military packages and of the macro-financial assistance decided in December 2022. EU countries then closed the gap in 2023 with multi-year pledges.\n\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/one-year-of-support-to-ukraine-us-leads-eu-follows", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 317.107, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-us-allocated-oct-2024", "name": "US aid allocated to Ukraine, October 2024", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-10-31", "Indicator": "Aid allocated", "Value": 88, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "In its release of 5 December 2024, covering data to October 2024, the Kiel Institute reported that the United States had allocated 88 billion euros of the 119 billion euros it had committed. Kiel counts allocated aid as money that has been spent or delivered, and committed aid as pledges. The Biden administration's military funding was nearly exhausted, with about 6 billion euros of military funding capacity left, and the institute said US military aid of 3.5 billion euros had been allocated in September and October.\n\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-eur70-billion-in-new-aid-promised/", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 445.162, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-europe-total-feb-2025", "name": "European aid to Ukraine, February 2025", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-02-28", "Indicator": "Aid allocated", "Value": 138, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "On 15 April 2025 the Kiel Institute, covering aid pledged through February 2025, reported that Europe had allocated a total of 138 billion euros of aid since the start of the war, 23 billion euros more than the United States, whose total was therefore about 115 billion euros. For military aid alone the two were level: the US had provided around 65 billion euros since February 2022, and Europe about 1 billion less. It was the first Kiel update to show the effect of the US stopping new announcements in 2025.\n\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/european-support-for-ukraine-continues-steadily-us-assistance-stalls", "size": 4.12, "position": { "x": 454.159, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-europe-military-2025", "name": "European military aid to Ukraine in 2025", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-31", "Indicator": "Military aid allocated", "Value": 29, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Reporting on the Kiel Institute's update of 11 February 2026, covering data to December 2025, Euronews gave European military aid in 2025 as about 29 billion euros, roughly 67% above the 2022-2024 average of 17 to 18 billion euros a year. European financial and humanitarian aid was about 39 billion euros, with EU institutions providing 35.1 billion euros. Germany gave about 9 billion euros of military aid, the United Kingdom 5.4 billion, Sweden 3.7, Norway 3.6 and Denmark 2.6 billion euros. The institute concluded that total military aid was nonetheless down 13% on the 2022-2024 average, because the United States had withdrawn.\n\nhttps://euronews.com/2026/02/11/aid-to-ukraine-largely-stable-as-europe-steps-up-after-us-withdrawal-study-shows\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/ukraine-support-after-4-years-of-war-europe-steps-up", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 511.213, "y": -94.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-st-germany-bilateral-2026", "name": "German aid that reached Ukraine, June 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2026-06-30", "Indicator": "Aid allocated", "Value": 41.7, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 30 }, "description": "The German government reports 100 billion euros of 'bilateral aid to Ukraine' as of 30 June 2026. In a study published on 8 October 2026 the Kiel Institute found that only about 41.7 billion euros reached Ukraine: 7.4 billion euros of civilian aid and 34.3 billion euros of military aid including the appropriations for 2026. Another 35.9 billion euros, mostly Bürgergeld benefits for Ukrainian refugees and accommodation costs, was spent in Germany, and 22 billion euros are future commitments. The tracker also noted that Germany has stopped publishing detailed military aid data since June 2025.\n\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-only-eur-417-billion-of-germanys-eur-100-billion-went-to-ukraine/", "size": 3.92, "position": { "x": 556.25, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-dq-scholz-watershed", "name": "Scholz: a watershed in the history of our continent", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-02-27", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/search/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378" }, "description": "Speaking to the Bundestag in Berlin three days after the invasion, Chancellor Olaf Scholz opened his policy statement with these words, in the official English translation: \"The twenty-fourth of February 2022 marks a watershed in the history of our continent.\" In the same speech he said that Germany had decided the day before to supply Ukraine with weapons for its defence. The German original uses the word Zeitenwende, which became the name of the policy.\n\nhttps://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/search/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 164.925, "y": -99.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-us-supplemental-mar-2022", "name": "US first Ukraine supplemental of 13.6 billion dollars", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-03-15", "Aid kind": "Mixed", "Value EUR bn": 12.4, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Within three weeks of the invasion Congress attached emergency money for Ukraine to its annual spending bill. The first supplemental, signed in mid-March 2022, provided 13.6 billion dollars for military and humanitarian aid and for refugees, replenishing stocks sent to Ukraine and funding further weapons. The Associated Press later described it as an earlier emergency measure dwarfed by the 40 billion dollar bill of May 2022.\n\nhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-signs-40-billion-ukraine-aid-bill-during-trip-to-asia", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 206.043, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-us-supplemental-may-2022", "name": "US additional supplemental of 40 billion dollars", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-05-21", "Aid kind": "Mixed", "Value EUR bn": 37.8, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "With the first supplemental nearly used and the war settling into the Donbas, Congress passed a far larger bill in May 2022. President Biden signed it on 21 May 2022 during a trip to Seoul, with an official flying the bill out on a commercial flight. According to the Associated Press it provided about 20 billion dollars of military assistance, 8 billion of economic support, 5 billion to address global food shortages and over 1 billion for refugees, meant to carry Ukraine through September. It was the largest single US aid decision of 2022.\n\nhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-signs-40-billion-ukraine-aid-bill-during-trip-to-asia", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 247.077, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-us-stryker-bradley-jan-2023", "name": "US 2.5 billion dollar package with Bradley and Stryker vehicles", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-01-19", "Aid kind": "Military", "Value EUR bn": 2.31, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "In January 2023 allies were debating tanks, and the US moved first on infantry fighting vehicles. The Pentagon announced about 2.5 billion dollars of aid that included 90 Stryker combat vehicles and 59 Bradley fighting vehicles and replenished HIMARS, NASAMS and Avenger air defence systems. Abrams tanks were not part of it; their approval followed a week later, on 25 January, and Stars and Stripes reported the package as announced the week before.\n\nhttps://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-01-25/abrams-tanks-ukraine-russia-pentagon-8884907.html", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 326.691, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-us-6bn-usai-apr-2024", "name": "US 6 billion dollar package with Patriot and NASAMS missiles", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-04-26", "Aid kind": "Military", "Value EUR bn": 5.59, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "On 26 April 2024 the United States announced a 6 billion dollar package funded from the new supplemental, containing Patriot and NASAMS missiles, counter-drone systems and artillery ammunition. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin called it the largest security assistance package committed to date. It was aimed at the air defence and shell shortages created by the months without US funding.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 407.017, "y": -94.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-epf-first-tranche-2022", "name": "EU first European Peace Facility tranche for Ukraine", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-02-27", "Aid kind": "Military", "Value EUR bn": 0.5, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "On 27 February 2022 the EU, for the first time in its history, agreed to finance the delivery of weapons to a country under attack, using the European Peace Facility. The first tranche was about 500 million euros and was raised to 1 billion and then 1.5 billion euros during spring 2022 and 2 billion in May. The decision ended the EU's tradition of not paying for lethal arms and created the channel for later ammunition schemes.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Peace_Facility", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 175.215, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-ukraine-facility", "name": "EU Ukraine Facility of 50 billion euros", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-02-01", "Aid kind": "Financial", "Value EUR bn": 50, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "In December 2023 Hungary blocked a four-year, 50 billion euro funding package for Ukraine's economy while the EU opened accession talks without it. On 1 February 2024 EU leaders agreed to extend the 50 billion euros for 2024 to 2027. It was the EU's largest single financial commitment to Ukraine up to then, and it was a main driver of Europe's lead in the Kiel Institute's commitments count in 2023 and 2024. The facility pays out in tranches as reform steps are met; in 2026 half of the 16.7 billion euros of planned budget support is paid through it.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-military-aid-holds-steady-as-focus-shifts-to-drones/", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 401.611, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-eu-support-loan-90bn", "name": "EU Ukraine Support Loan of 90 billion euros", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-19", "Aid kind": "Mixed", "Value EUR bn": 90, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The EU's answer to Ukraine's financing gap for 2026 and 2027 was a loan of 90 billion euros raised through joint borrowing, agreed on 19 December 2025 after the reparations-loan plan failed. Two thirds go to defence and one third to budget support, and Ukraine repays only if Russia pays reparations. In 2026 the Commission planned to pay 45 billion euros, 16.7 billion for budget support and 28.3 billion for military purposes. Hungary's veto delayed the loan until April; the first instalment of 3.2 billion euros of macro-financial aid was paid on 25 June 2026.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto\nhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/commission-disburses-first-€32-billion-instalment-ukraine-under-€90-billion-ukraine-support-loan_en\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-europe-leads-on-aid-us-weapons-remain-key/", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 515.827, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-germany-7-1bn-2024", "name": "Germany 7.1 billion euros of military aid for 2024", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-02-16", "Aid kind": "Military", "Value EUR bn": 7.1, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "With US funding stuck, Berlin used the signing of its security agreement with Ukraine on 16 February 2024 to state that it would provide 7.1 billion euros of military aid for 2024, in addition to a separate 1.13 billion euro package. In January it had already put the figure at about 7 billion. The amount roughly doubled Germany's 2023 budget line and made it Europe's largest military donor.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 394.182, "y": -110.93, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-ap-germany-11-5bn-2026", "name": "Germany 11.5 billion euros for 2026", "type": "Aid package", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-16", "Aid kind": "Military", "Value EUR bn": 11.5, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "At the 32nd Ramstein meeting on 16 December 2025 Germany announced 11.5 billion euros of military aid for 2026, for air defence, drones and artillery ammunition. The Kiel Institute's October 2026 analysis found 11.6 billion euros appropriated for the 2026 fiscal year, with the amount actually disbursed unknown. It is Germany's largest annual figure.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/17/ramstein-2025-ukraine-45-billion-military-aid-commitments/\nhttps://www.kielinstitut.de/media/news/ukraine-support-tracker-only-eur-417-billion-of-germanys-eur-100-billion-went-to-ukraine/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 505.407, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-ap-40bn-signed", "name": "Biden signs $40 billion Ukraine aid bill", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-05-21", "Publisher": "AP", "Headline": "Biden signs $40 billion Ukraine aid bill during trip to Asia", "URL": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-signs-40-billion-ukraine-aid-bill-during-trip-to-asia", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Aamer Madhani and Chris Megerian" }, "description": "The Associated Press reported that President Biden signed the 40 billion dollar Ukraine aid bill in Seoul on 21 May 2022, a bill much larger than the 13.6 billion dollar emergency measure before it. It broke the money down into about 20 billion dollars for military help, 8 billion for economic support, 5 billion for global food shortages and over 1 billion for refugees, and described how an official flew the bill to Seoul on a commercial flight.\n\nhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-signs-40-billion-ukraine-aid-bill-during-trip-to-asia", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 254.787, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-defensenews-ramstein", "name": "US, allies to meet monthly on Ukraine defense needs", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2022-04-26", "Publisher": "Defense News", "Headline": "US, allies to meet monthly on Ukraine defense needs", "URL": "https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/04/26/us-allies-to-meet-monthly-on-ukraine-defense-needs/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Vivienne Machi" }, "description": "Defense News reported on 26 April 2022 from the first Ramstein meeting that defence leaders of more than 40 nations met at Ramstein Air Base, convened by Lloyd Austin, and that a contact group would meet monthly, focusing on the members' defence industrial bases. It added that EUCOM had set up a coordination centre in March and that nations had supplied more than 5 billion dollars of equipment, about 3.7 billion of it American.\n\nhttps://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/04/26/us-allies-to-meet-monthly-on-ukraine-defense-needs/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 239.732, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-stripes-abrams", "name": "US pulls trigger on sending Abrams tanks to Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-01-25", "Publisher": "Stars and Stripes", "Headline": "US pulls trigger on sending Abrams tanks to Ukraine", "URL": "https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-01-25/abrams-tanks-ukraine-russia-pentagon-8884907.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Doug G. Ware" }, "description": "Stars and Stripes reported on 25 January 2023 that the White House would send 31 M1 Abrams tanks, bought from industry through the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative rather than taken from Pentagon stocks, with delivery in several months and training outside Ukraine. It noted that the decision followed more than a week of allied pressure, that Germany agreed the same day to send Leopards, and that German officials had reportedly tied their move to US participation.\n\nhttps://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-01-25/abrams-tanks-ukraine-russia-pentagon-8884907.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 325.611, "y": -96.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-euronews-f16", "name": "Denmark and Netherlands pledge F-16s to Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-08-20", "Publisher": "Euronews", "Headline": "Denmark and Netherlands pledge to give F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine as Zelenskyy visits", "URL": "https://www.euronews.com/2023/08/20/denmark-and-netherlands-pledge-to-give-f-16-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-as-zelenskyy-visits", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Euronews with AP" }, "description": "Euronews, with Associated Press, reported on 20 August 2023 that Denmark and the Netherlands pledged F-16 fighters days after US approval, with Denmark offering 19 jets and Zelensky saying Ukraine would receive 42 in total. It quoted Zelensky calling the donations a huge push for others in doubt, noted that training would take at least six months, and mentioned that Zelensky also asked Sweden for Gripen jets.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/2023/08/20/denmark-and-netherlands-pledge-to-give-f-16-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-as-zelenskyy-visits", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 378.857, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-csis-gradual-decline", "name": "Impact of ending military aid: gradual decline, then collapse", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2023-12-19", "Publisher": "CSIS", "Headline": "The Impact of Ending Military Aid to Ukraine: Gradual Decline, Then Collapse", "URL": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-ending-military-aid-ukraine-gradual-decline-then-collapse", "Article kind": "Analysis", "Language": "English", "Author": "Mark F. Cancian" }, "description": "CSIS analyst Mark Cancian argued on 19 December 2023 that if US aid lapsed Ukraine's capability would erode gradually, since committed equipment keeps arriving for months, but deliveries would bottom out in early summer 2024 at about 12% of the counteroffensive peak. He noted that about 4.4 billion dollars of drawdown authority remained but replacement funds were exhausted, and that Europe's 51 billion dollars of military commitments could not fully replace US aid.\n\nhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/impact-ending-military-aid-ukraine-gradual-decline-then-collapse", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 394.545, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-twz-atacms", "name": "U.S.-Supplied ATACMS Missile Strike Inside Russia Have Begun", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2024-11-19", "Publisher": "The War Zone", "Headline": "U.S.-Supplied ATACMS Missile Strike Inside Russia Have Begun", "URL": "https://www.twz.com/land/u-s-supplied-atacms-missile-strike-inside-russia-have-begun", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Thomas Newdick" }, "description": "The War Zone reported on 19 November 2024 that Ukraine had used US-made ATACMS for the first time against a target inside Russia, a munitions depot near Karachev in the Bryansk region, after President Biden's approval. Russia claimed five of six missiles were shot down; the article said this was unverified, and tied the strike to Moscow's revised nuclear doctrine and criticism from Trump's incoming national security adviser.\n\nhttps://www.twz.com/land/u-s-supplied-atacms-missile-strike-inside-russia-have-begun", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 440.266, "y": -95.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-afp-intel-pause", "name": "US pauses intelligence sharing with Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-03-05", "Publisher": "AFP", "Headline": "US pauses intelligence sharing with Ukraine", "URL": "https://gulfnews.com/world/americas/us-pauses-intelligence-sharing-with-ukraine-1.500053086", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "AFP, carried by Gulf News, reported on 5 March 2025 that CIA director John Ratcliffe confirmed a pause in US intelligence sharing with Ukraine after the Oval Office dispute, calling it temporary and saying Trump doubted Zelensky's commitment to peace. It quoted national security adviser Mike Waltz on pausing and reviewing the relationship and noted that military aid had also been suspended.\n\nhttps://gulfnews.com/world/americas/us-pauses-intelligence-sharing-with-ukraine-1.500053086", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 468.658, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-ap-purl-plan", "name": "Trump to meet NATO secretary general as plan takes shape for Ukraine weapons sales", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-07-14", "Publisher": "AP", "Headline": "Trump to meet NATO secretary general as plan takes shape for Ukraine weapons sales", "URL": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/world/trump-to-meet-nato-secretary-general-as-plan-takes-shape-for-ukraine-weapons-sales-840000", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "The Associated Press reported on 14 July 2025 ahead of Mark Rutte's Washington visit that Trump planned to sell weapons to NATO allies who could pass them to Ukraine, with allies paying fully, and that Secretary of State Rubio said some weapons already in Europe could go faster with replacements bought from the US. It added that France said it had a capacity hole, and that lawmakers backed using frozen Russian assets.\n\nhttps://www.dtnext.in/news/world/trump-to-meet-nato-secretary-general-as-plan-takes-shape-for-ukraine-weapons-sales-840000", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 486.684, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-euromaidan-45bn", "name": "Allies pledge record $45bn for Ukraine in 2025 as 17 nations announce 2026 commitments", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2025-12-17", "Publisher": "Euromaidan Press", "Headline": "Allies pledge record $45bn for Ukraine in 2025 as 17 nations announce 2026 commitments", "URL": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/17/ramstein-2025-ukraine-45-billion-military-aid-commitments/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Maxim Volovich" }, "description": "Euromaidan Press reported from the 32nd Ramstein meeting that Defence Minister Denys Shmyhal called 2025 the most productive year of Western military aid and said partners were on track to deliver 45 billion dollars if commitments held. It listed pledges for 2026 by Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, Denmark and others, and Shmyhal's request for 0.25% of GDP and 120 billion dollars of 2026 needs.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/17/ramstein-2025-ukraine-45-billion-military-aid-commitments/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 501.467, "y": -97.93, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-aid-na-euronews-loan", "name": "EU approves €90 billion loan for Ukraine after Hungary lifts controversial veto", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Aid and alliances", "Date": "2026-04-23", "Publisher": "Euronews", "Headline": "EU approves €90 billion loan for Ukraine after Hungary lifts controversial veto", "URL": "https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Jorge Liboreiro" }, "description": "Euronews reported the final approval of the 90 billion euro loan on 23 April 2026 after a two-month deadlock, recalling that Orbán had vetoed it in February over the Druzhba pipeline after endorsing it in December. It gave the 2026 split of 45 billion euros, said Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic were excluded from the borrowing, and that the Commission kept the right to use 210 billion euros of immobilised assets.\n\nhttps://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/23/eu-approves-90-billion-loan-for-ukraine-after-hungary-lifts-controversial-veto", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 549.928, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-swift-ban", "name": "Russian banks cut off from SWIFT", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-02-26", "Policy kind": "Financial sanction", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Within days of the full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022, Western governments moved from listing individuals to cutting Russian banks off from the international payments system. On 26 February 2022 German ministers backed targeted restrictions on SWIFT, the Belgium-based messaging network that banks use for cross-border payments, and major Russian banks were slated for removal while limited access was kept so that gas payments could continue.\n\nThe aim was to make it hard for Russia to pay for imports and to receive export income, adding to the freeze of the central bank's reserves two days later. Because SWIFT removal affects messaging rather than money itself, Russian banks could still try to route payments through other channels, and the measure became a reference point for later debates about sanctions evasion and about the exemptions kept for energy payments.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 166.549, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-cbr-reserves-freeze", "name": "Freeze of Russia's central bank reserves", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-02-28", "Policy kind": "Asset freeze", "Turning point": true, "Impact score": 100 }, "description": "Russia had built up large foreign-currency reserves before 2022, partly as a shield against sanctions. After the invasion began on 24 February 2022, Western governments prohibited transactions with the Bank of Russia and immobilised the assets it held abroad. By 28 February 2022 the central bank had lost access to more than 400 billion US dollars of its foreign-exchange reserves, according to the account on Wikipedia of the sanctions regime.\n\nThe move removed the central bank's main tool for defending the rouble and was followed on the same day by a record fall of the currency and an emergency rise of the key rate to 20 percent. The frozen assets, held mostly in the European Union and above all at Euroclear in Belgium, then became the subject of a long debate over whether they could be used to finance Ukraine, which ended in December 2025 with the EU borrowing instead while keeping the assets immobilised.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-90-billion-euro-loan-to-ukraine/", "size": [7.2, 4.5], "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-znpp-occupation", "name": "Russian forces seize the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-03-04", "Event kind": "Capture", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "The Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station at Enerhodar is the largest in Europe, with six reactors. On the night of 3 to 4 March 2022 Russian forces advancing along the Dnipro shelled the site, and a fire broke out in a training building a few hundred metres from the reactors. It was put out by about 06:20 local time. Ukraine's nuclear regulator said essential equipment was not affected and no change in radiation levels was recorded, and the IAEA confirmed the fire did not touch safety-critical equipment.\n\nRussia's Defence Ministry said its troops had been attacked from the training facility and that the fire was set by those retreating. Zelensky called the assault 'nuclear terror'. Ukrainian staff stayed on to operate the plant under Russian control, and IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi appealed for an end to the use of force. The seizure began a war-long problem of off-site power, shelling and cooling for a nuclear plant on the front line.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-all-you-need-to-know\nhttps://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "size": 5.38, "position": { "x": 187.517, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-black-sea-grain-initiative", "name": "Black Sea Grain Initiative", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-07-22", "Agreement kind": "Corridor", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "Russia's naval blockade of Ukrainian ports after February 2022 trapped millions of tonnes of grain and pushed up world food prices, with Ukraine among the largest exporters of wheat, maize and sunflower oil. Turkey and the United Nations mediated talks, and on 22 July 2022 Ukraine and Russia signed separate but matching agreements with Turkey and the UN at Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul, valid for 120 days. A Joint Coordination Centre opened in Istanbul on 27 July to inspect ships, and the first grain ship, the Razoni, left Odesa on 1 August 2022.\n\nThe deal was extended in November 2022, March 2023 and May 2023. By mid-July 2023 the UN said more than 30 million tonnes of grain and food had moved from three Ukrainian ports. Wheat prices fell back to pre-war levels after the signing. Russia refused to renew the arrangement on 17 July 2023, saying that conditions for its own exports were not met.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 258.365, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-nord-stream-sabotage", "name": "Nord Stream pipeline explosions", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-09-26", "Event kind": "Sabotage", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "By September 2022 Russian gas deliveries to Europe through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline had stopped, and the sister pipeline Nord Stream 2 had never entered service. On 26 September 2022 underwater explosions caused gas leaks on three of the four pipes, leaving them inoperable. The leaks were in international waters within the Danish and Swedish economic zones. Denmark and Sweden told the UN Security Council that the blasts involved several hundred kilos of explosives, and on 6 October 2022 a Swedish prosecutor said detonations had damaged both pipelines in Swedish waters.\n\nRussia and the West accused each other of the sabotage, and Russia's request for a UN investigation was rejected. The Swedish and Danish investigations were closed in February 2024 without naming those responsible, while Germany's continued and led to an arrest in Italy in August 2025. The explosions ended any chance of a quick return of Russian gas through the Baltic route.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/6/initial-probe-of-nord-stream-gas-leaks-points-to-sabotage-sweden", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 298.889, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-grid-strike-campaign-2022", "name": "Russian strike campaign on Ukraine's power grid 2022-23", "type": "Military operation", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Start date": "2022-10-10", "End date": "2023-03-31", "Duration days": 172, "Ongoing": false, "Operation kind": "Strike campaign", "Outcome": "No major change", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "In the autumn of 2022, as Ukraine's counteroffensives advanced, Russia struck the electricity system with long-range missiles and drones. On 10 October 2022 about 84 cruise missiles and 24 drones hit energy and military targets nationwide, and Energy Minister Herman Halushchenko said around 30 percent of energy infrastructure was damaged. Zelensky said on 18 October that 30 percent of power stations were out of action, and Ukrenergo reported 1.5 million people cut off after a strike on 22 October.\n\nBy 19 November Zelensky said nearly half of the grid was down and about ten million people had no electricity. By mid-December Russia had fired over a thousand missiles and drones at the grid, and in April 2023 Ukrenergo's six-month review said every thermal and hydro plant had been damaged. Ukraine responded with scheduled outages, repairs, imported power and requests for air defence, and the campaign did not break the system before spring.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure", "size": [8.34, 4.17], "position": { "x": 297.339, "y": -177.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-oil-price-cap", "name": "G7 price cap on Russian crude oil", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-12-05", "Policy kind": "Price cap", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "The EU's embargo on Russian seaborne crude was due to take effect in December 2022, and Western governments feared it would remove Russian barrels from the market and push prices up. On 2 September 2022 G7 finance ministers agreed to a cap on the price at which Russian oil could be shipped using Western insurance, finance and shipping services, with the EU and Australia joining. The cap took effect on 5 December 2022, alongside the embargo, and a cap on oil products followed on 5 February 2023.\n\nThe aim was to keep Russian oil flowing to buyers such as India and China while limiting Moscow's revenue. In practice a large part of the trade moved onto ships outside Western jurisdiction, the so-called shadow fleet. The level was set at 60 US dollars a barrel, later lowered by the EU and most G7 members; in 2026 the cap stood at 44.10 dollars for most members other than the United States, and the EU's 21st package suspended any further adjustment until July 2027.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say\nhttps://finance.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-adopts-21th-package-sanctions-against-russia-2026-07-23_en", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 309.702, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-grain-deal-exit", "name": "Russia quits the Black Sea Grain Initiative", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2023-07-17", "Event kind": "Withdrawal", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "The Black Sea Grain Initiative had been extended three times, but on 17 July 2023 Russia refused to extend it again, and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the initiative was suspended. By then about 33 million tonnes of grain and food had been shipped on more than a thousand voyages to some 40 countries, according to the UN.\n\nRussia also withdrew safe-passage guarantees for ships in the north-western Black Sea, and within days it struck Odesa and other Ukrainian ports. Wheat and maize prices reacted, as UN Secretary-General Guterres noted on 20 July. Turkey's President Erdogan tried to revive the deal in talks with Putin in Sochi on 4 September 2023, but Putin tied any return to the lifting of restrictions on Russian agricultural exports, and Ukraine opened its own corridor in August.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/4/erdogan-visits-putin-in-russias-sochi-in-bid-to-revive-ukraine-grain-deal", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 356.847, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-gas-transit-end", "name": "Russian gas transit through Ukraine ends", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2025-01-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "For decades Russian gas reached Europe across Ukraine, and the pipelines kept running through the first nearly three years of the full-scale war under a five-year contract signed in 2019 between Gazprom and Naftogaz. A month before it expired, Zelensky said Ukraine would not let Russia earn additional billions on Ukrainian blood. On 1 January 2025 the contract ran out, Ukraine did not renew it, and transit stopped completely.\n\nThe flow in 2023 had been about 14.4 billion cubic metres, mostly towards Slovakia, Austria and Hungary. Slovakia's Prime Minister Robert Fico complained of about 500 million euros in lost transit fees and demanded compensation, Moldova said it had gas until spring, and Austria said it had found other suppliers. Russia was estimated to lose around 5 billion euros a year. The end of transit completed the shift that began with the 2022 cut-offs.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 442.033, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-rouble-crash", "name": "Rouble falls to a record low and the Moscow Exchange closes", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-02-28", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The freeze of the Bank of Russia's reserves and the first round of financial sanctions hit Russian markets as soon as they reopened after the invasion of 24 February 2022. On Monday 28 February the rouble fell to record lows as Russians rushed to exchange currency, Russian shares fell by up to 39 percent on the first day of trading, and the Moscow Exchange then closed for more than a week.\n\nThe central bank answered the same day by lifting its key rate to 20 percent and banning foreigners from selling local securities. The crash showed the immediate cost of the reserves freeze and created the conditions for capital controls and for the demand that foreign buyers pay for gas through Gazprombank accounts.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 183.403, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-gazprom-cuts-poland-bulgaria", "name": "Gazprom halts gas to Poland and Bulgaria", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-04-27", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 31 March 2022 Putin signed a decree requiring buyers from 'unfriendly' countries to pay for gas through accounts at Gazprombank, which the media widely described as a demand to pay in roubles, although buyers could still pay in euros or dollars that the bank would convert. Poland's PGNiG and Bulgaria's Bulgargaz refused to change their contracts.\n\nOn 26 April 2022 Gazprom announced that it would stop deliveries to both countries the next day over unpaid rouble payments, and on 27 April it said supplies were completely suspended. It was the first time Russia stopped gas to EU members over the payment dispute, and it fed the argument for the EU to end its dependence on Russian supplies faster.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 232.323, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-cut-40", "name": "Gazprom cuts Nord Stream 1 flows to 40 percent", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-06-16", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Nord Stream 1 was Russia's biggest gas route to Germany, and flows were already falling after the April 2022 cut-offs to Poland and Bulgaria. On 14 June 2022 Gazprom announced that it would sharply reduce deliveries, blaming a delayed return of a compressor turbine serviced by Siemens. Germany's network regulator disputed the explanation.\n\nOn 16 June flows fell to about 40 percent of pipeline capacity and European benchmark gas prices rose about 30 percent. Governments in Berlin and Brussels read the cut as political pressure over sanctions, and it raised the urgency of filling gas storage, finding other suppliers and agreeing demand-reduction targets before winter 2022-23.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 249.503, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-halt", "name": "Nord Stream 1 stops delivering gas", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-09-02", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "After a scheduled maintenance shutdown starting on 11 July 2022 the pipeline resumed at a low level. On 2 September 2022 Russia stopped flows for what it called three days of maintenance and did not resume them. European gas prices had by then risen far above the levels of earlier years, exceeding 200 euros per megawatt hour at their 2022 peak, and governments were preparing emergency measures.\n\nThe stop ended the direct supply of Russian gas to Germany through the Baltic route. Three weeks later the explosions of 26 September damaged the pipelines beyond a quick restart. The halt strengthened the case for an EU cap on gas prices, agreed by energy ministers on 19 December 2022, and for the accelerated REPowerEU programme.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 277.867, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-razoni-sails", "name": "First grain ship leaves Odesa under the UN-Turkey deal", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-08-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Ten days after the Black Sea Grain Initiative was signed in Istanbul on 22 July 2022, and after the Joint Coordination Centre in Istanbul opened on 27 July, the first ship loaded with Ukrainian grain left the port of Odesa. The Razoni, carrying grain for Lebanon, sailed on 1 August 2022, according to reports by Anadolu Agency and AP cited in the record of the deal.\n\nIt was the first commercial grain voyage from a Ukrainian port since the blockade began in February 2022. Ships followed a mapped corridor and were inspected by the Joint Coordination Centre, and wheat prices fell to pre-war levels after the signing.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 266.743, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-iaea-mission-znpp", "name": "IAEA mission reaches the Zaporizhzhia plant", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-09-01", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Through the summer of 2022 the Zaporizhzhia plant, held by Russian forces but operated by Ukrainian staff, was repeatedly shelled, and Ukraine and Russia blamed each other. IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi led a team of experts to the site in early September 2022, crossing the front line. The agency's report of 6 September 2022 documented shelling damage and security threats from the occupying troops.\n\nIAEA personnel have been on site since September 2022, as the agency's presence was described in September 2026. The presence gave the agency direct knowledge of the plant's state and later allowed it to broker local ceasefires so that damaged power lines could be repaired.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant\nhttps://web29.bernama.com/nnn/news.php?id=2603419", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 267.403, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-kharkiv-tec5-strike", "name": "Missiles hit Kharkiv thermal power plant", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-09-11", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "As Ukraine's Kharkiv counteroffensive advanced in September 2022, Russia struck civilian infrastructure farther behind the front line. On 11 September 2022 missiles hit Kharkiv's thermal power plant TEC-5, leaving parts of five Ukrainian regions without power, according to the account of the Russian infrastructure strikes on Wikipedia. Three days later cruise missiles hit the Karachun dam.\n\nThe attacks were an early sign of what became a systematic campaign against the electricity system from 10 October 2022. The strike showed that grid targets, not only military ones, were now in range of Russian missiles.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 288.308, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-cooling-lost", "name": "Zaporizhzhia plant loses its cooling reservoir", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2023-06-06", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "The Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant drew its cooling water from the Kakhovka Reservoir on the Dnipro. When the Kakhovka Dam was destroyed on 6 June 2023, the reservoir drained, and the plant lost its main source of cooling water. By that time five of its six units were already in cold shutdown and one was kept in hot shutdown to supply steam for safety processes.\n\nCooling afterwards relied on groundwater wells, and the IAEA monitored the situation. The loss, together with the destruction of three of the four 750 kV lines that once connected the plant, is the reason Ukrainian operator Energoatom says the reactors cannot safely be restarted, while Russia's regulator issued 10-year operating licences for units 1 and 2 in December 2025 and February 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 340.44, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-odesa-ports-strikes", "name": "Russia strikes Odesa grain ports after leaving the deal", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2023-07-20", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Russia ended its participation in the Black Sea Grain Initiative on 17 July 2023 and withdrew safe-passage guarantees for ships in the north-western Black Sea. Over the following three nights it attacked Odesa and other Ukrainian port cities. By 20 July UN Secretary-General Guterres strongly condemned the attacks, saying they contradicted Russia's commitments under the memorandum of understanding, which the UN said remained active.\n\nUN officials reported at least three people killed and at least 19 injured in Mykolaiv, and said Odesa's port had been severely damaged for the second day in a row. Guterres warned that wheat and maize prices were already reacting. The strikes made it clear that Ukraine's remaining sea exports would be at risk.\n\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 345.897, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-ukraine-corridor-first-ship", "name": "First ship leaves Odesa through Ukraine's own corridor", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2023-08-16", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "After Russia left the grain deal in July 2023, Ukraine said it would keep exporting by sea without Russian guarantees. On 1 August 2023 ships from Greece, Israel and Turkey reached the Danube port of Izmail after crossing the Black Sea under NATO surveillance. On 16 August 2023 the Joseph Schulte became the first ship to leave Odesa via a new unilateral corridor along the coasts of Romania and Bulgaria.\n\nBy the end of 2023 Ukraine had moved about 13 million tonnes by sea on 430 vessels since the initiative ended, according to the account of the initiative on Wikipedia. The corridor showed that Russia could not enforce a blockade of Ukrainian ports.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/4/erdogan-visits-putin-in-russias-sochi-in-bid-to-revive-ukraine-grain-deal", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 371.237, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-probes-closed", "name": "Denmark and Sweden close the Nord Stream investigations", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2024-02-26", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Three countries opened criminal investigations after the Nord Stream explosions of September 2022, because the leaks were in the Danish and Swedish economic zones and the pipelines belong to a Russian-led consortium with German links. Sweden confirmed sabotage and explosive traces on 18 November 2022, but neither Sweden nor Denmark named a culprit.\n\nIn February 2024 the Swedish and Danish investigations were closed without assigning responsibility, while Germany's investigation continued. The closure left the question of who ordered the attack to the German federal prosecutors and shaped the later arrests and extradition proceedings in Italy and elsewhere.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 393.297, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-grid-strike-2024-03-22", "name": "Mass strike on Ukraine's grid leaves a million without power", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2024-03-22", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "After a quieter period in the winter of 2023-24, Russia resumed large-scale attacks on Ukrainian power generation in spring 2024, when many plants were already weakened by earlier strikes. On 22 March 2024 a massive attack left more than a million people without electricity and damaged the Dnipro hydroelectric dam, Kharkiv TEC-5 and the Zmiivska thermal plant.\n\nThe strike opened a spring campaign that peaked with the destruction of the Trypilska plant on 11 April. RUSI estimated that by mid-June 2024 about 9 GW of domestic generation had been destroyed, against a winter peak demand of 18 GW, and about half of Ukraine's production capacity.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 403.112, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-trypillia-destroyed", "name": "Russian strikes destroy the Trypilska power plant", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2024-04-11", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The Trypilska thermal power plant south of Kyiv was one of the largest producers of electricity for the capital region. During the spring 2024 attacks on Ukrainian generation it came under repeated missile fire, and on 11 April 2024 Russian strikes destroyed it.\n\nThe loss was a large blow to the Kyiv region's supply. RUSI estimated that by mid-June 2024 Ukraine had lost about 9 GW of domestic generation, and by mid-2024 the country had only about a third of its pre-war generating capacity.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 383.645, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-drone-strikes-2024", "name": "Drones hit the Zaporizhzhia plant's reactor buildings", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2024-04-07", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "By spring 2024 the Zaporizhzhia plant had been in cold shutdown for months, but drones were flying around it as the front line stayed near the Dnipro. On 7 April 2024 drones hit the plant, including three direct hits on reactor containment structures. The IAEA called it a major threat to nuclear safety, although it found no structural damage to safety systems. Ukraine and Russia blamed each other.\n\nOn 11 August 2024 a fire broke out in a cooling tower, which the IAEA later said appeared to have been caused by an explosive-laden drone. The attacks added to the pressure on both sides to accept IAEA-brokered local ceasefires so that repairs and supplies could continue.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 413.493, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-italy-arrest", "name": "Italy arrests a Ukrainian suspect over Nord Stream", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2025-08-21", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Germany issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian suspect in the Nord Stream sabotage in 2024, and he reportedly left Poland shortly after the warrant reached the Polish authorities. On 21 August 2025 Italian police arrested a Ukrainian man on the German warrant, and Italy's highest court later approved his extradition.\n\nIn January 2026 Germany's Federal Court of Justice rejected the suspect's immunity claim, and prosecutors later charged him with a war crime. In a separate case a suspect was arrested in Poland in autumn 2025 and released in October after a Polish court rejected Germany's extradition request, and in August and September 2026 a suspect was arrested in Croatia, where a court approved extradition to Germany.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 486.061, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-druzhba-drone-strike", "name": "Drone strike halts oil flows through the Druzhba pipeline", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-01-01", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "The southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline carries Russian crude to Hungary and Slovakia, which kept an exemption from the EU embargo. In January 2026 the pipeline was hit by a drone strike, and flows stopped until it was repaired. According to Reuters, Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban and Slovakia then withheld support for the EU's 20th sanctions package until Russian oil flowed again.\n\nBy 22 April 2026, after repairs, both governments were expected to drop their opposition. Orban had also blocked a 90 billion euro loan for Ukraine. The incident showed how the pipeline exemptions gave two governments leverage over the common EU sanctions policy, a leverage that diminished after Orban lost the April 2026 Hungarian election to Peter Magyar.\n\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Hungarian_parliamentary_election", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 504.679, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-iran-war-oil-spike", "name": "Iran war and Hormuz disruption lift oil prices", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-03-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "In late February and March 2026 a war involving Iran and the United States disrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, cutting roughly a fifth of the world's oil supply according to Fortune. Brent had stood near 71 US dollars before the conflict, while Russia's Urals blend traded near 57 dollars. By 23 March Urals had risen to about 100 dollars, almost level with Brent.\n\nThe Guardian, using CREA data, estimated Russia earned about 7 billion dollars from fossil fuel sales in the first two weeks of March. The International Energy Agency announced a record release of 400 million barrels from strategic stocks, and the US issued a temporary waiver allowing the purchase of Russian oil stranded at sea. The spike raised Russian export revenue and European gas prices in the months that followed.\n\nhttps://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait\nhttps://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/crude-oil/news/533176", "size": 5.64, "position": { "x": 531.483, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-repairs-june-2026", "name": "Repairs finish on the Zaporizhzhia plant's key power line", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-06-26", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "The Zaporizhzhia plant depends on outside power to cool its reactors and spent fuel even in shutdown, and its lines had repeatedly been cut by military activity. On 26 June 2026 the IAEA said work was finished on the 750 kV Dniprovska line and on a switchyard at the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Plant, which helps power the nuclear plant through the 330 kV Ferosplavna-1 backup line.\n\nThe repairs were carried out during a temporary local truce between Ukraine and Russia. The Dniprovska line was not yet back in service because its connecting substation was badly damaged, and the agency did not expect substation repairs to finish soon. Grossi said the line still needed to be brought back into operation.\n\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/06/26/iaea-says-repairs-completed-on-key-power-line-at-zaporizhzhya-nuclear-plant", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 547.97, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-last-line-lost", "name": "Zaporizhzhia plant loses its last external power line", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-08-20", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "By August 2026 the Zaporizhzhia plant, held by Russian forces since March 2022, was left with a single outside link, the 330 kV Ferosplavna-1 line. On 20 August 2026 that line was lost because of military activity north of the Dnipro, and the plant has since relied on emergency diesel generators to cool its six reactors and spent fuel pools.\n\nOn 5 September 2026 the IAEA said the plant was running low on diesel fuel and warned of a possible station blackout within days, according to a report by Anadolu Agency. The loss led the IAEA to broker its seventh local ceasefire so that Ukrainian technicians could repair the line after the area was cleared of mines.\n\nhttps://web29.bernama.com/nnn/news.php?id=2603419", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 568.68, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-us-russian-energy-ban", "name": "US bans imports of Russian oil, gas and coal", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-03-08", "Policy kind": "Export control", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Two weeks into the full-scale invasion, the United States moved against the fuel exports that finance Russia's budget. On 8 March 2022 President Biden ordered a ban on imports of Russian oil, gas and coal into the United States. The order was a signal that the energy sector was no longer exempt from sanctions.\n\nThe decision came while Brent crude was trading above 130 US dollars a barrel for the first time since 2008, and European governments were reluctant to follow because of their larger dependence. The EU later agreed on its own embargo on seaborne crude, which took effect on 5 December 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 197.357, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-gas-for-roubles-decree", "name": "Putin decree requires gas payments through Gazprombank", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-03-31", "Policy kind": "Decree", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "After Western governments froze the Bank of Russia's reserves, the Kremlin looked for a way to turn its gas sales into a source of support for the rouble. On 31 March 2022 Putin signed Decree 172, effective 1 April, requiring buyers from 'unfriendly' countries to pay through accounts at Gazprombank. The media widely called this a demand for payment in roubles, although buyers could still pay in euros or dollars, which the bank would convert.\n\nPoland and Bulgaria refused to change their contracts, and Gazprom cut supplies to both on 27 April 2022. The dispute was the first step in the sequence of gas cut-offs of 2022.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 215.801, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-repowereu", "name": "EU adopts the REPowerEU plan", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-05-18", "Policy kind": "Law", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Russia supplied about 40 percent of the EU's gas before 2022, and after the invasion the Commission announced first measures to cut Russian fossil fuel imports in March. On 18 May 2022 it adopted REPowerEU, a plan to end that dependence by saving energy, diversifying supplies and speeding up renewables. Its targets include a binding renewable share of at least 42.5 percent of final energy by 2030 and storage filled to at least 90 percent before each winter.\n\nA voluntary gas demand cut of 15 percent was agreed, and the EU achieved about 17 percent between August 2022 and January 2025. Russian gas and LNG imports fell from 152 billion cubic metres in 2021 to 36 billion in 2025, and Russia's share of EU gas imports fell from 45 to 12 percent. The plan became the basis for the June 2025 proposal to phase out Russian gas and oil by the end of 2027.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU", "size": [6.24, 3.9], "position": { "x": 240.971, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-eu-oil-embargo", "name": "EU embargo on Russian seaborne crude takes effect", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-12-05", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "In May 2022 the EU decided to partly ban Russian oil imports, with exemptions for pipeline oil to Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic until the end of 2022. The measure covered seaborne crude, which made up the largest share of Russian exports to the bloc, and it took effect in December 2022, together with the G7 price cap.\n\nRussian oil exports reportedly fell 54 percent in the first week, according to the account on Wikipedia. Russian crude fell from about 27 percent of EU oil imports in 2022 to about 3 percent by the middle of the 2020s.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU", "size": [6.24, 3.9], "position": { "x": 302.702, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-eu-gas-phase-out-proposal", "name": "Commission proposes ending Russian gas and oil imports by 2027", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2025-06-17", "Policy kind": "Law", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "After REPowerEU had cut the Russian share of EU gas imports from 45 to 12 percent, the remaining flows still depended on long-term contracts and on LNG. On 17 June 2025 the European Commission proposed a law to phase out Russian gas and oil imports by the end of 2027.\n\nThe proposal followed the end of Russian gas transit through Ukraine on 1 January 2025 and set the framework for the ban on Russian LNG imports from 1 January 2027 that appears in market commentary on the 2026-27 winter.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU\nhttps://gmk.center/en/news/european-gas-prices-exceeded-e80-mwh-in-september/", "size": [5.57, 3.48], "position": { "x": 477.145, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-ofac-rosneft-lukoil", "name": "US sanctions Rosneft and Lukoil", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2025-10-22", "Policy kind": "Financial sanction", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "A planned Trump-Putin meeting was cancelled on 21 October 2025. The next day, 22 October 2025, the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Rosneft and Lukoil, Russia's two largest oil companies, under Executive Order 14024, together with more than 30 Russia-based subsidiaries. Entities 50 percent or more owned by either company are blocked, and foreign banks that facilitate significant transactions risk secondary sanctions.\n\nTreasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the action responded to Russia's lack of serious commitment to peace and called for an immediate ceasefire. The two companies together export about 3.1 million barrels a day, and Rosneft accounts for nearly half of Russian output, according to gCaptain. The UK had sanctioned both on 15 October, and the EU was expected to adopt its 19th package that week.\n\nhttps://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0290\nhttps://gcaptain.com/u-s-treasury-sanctions-russias-largest-oil-companies-over-ukraine/", "size": [6.38, 3.99], "position": { "x": 492.749, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-19", "name": "EU 19th package bans Russian LNG from 2027", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2025-10-23", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Russian liquefied natural gas had remained outside EU sanctions even as pipeline gas fell, and the Commission's phase-out plan aimed at ending it by the end of 2027. In October 2025, as the US sanctioned Rosneft and Lukoil, the EU prepared its 19th package, which gCaptain reported on 22 October would list four Chinese entities in the oil industry and ban Russian LNG imports starting in 2027.\n\nThe ban on Russian LNG imports from 1 January 2027 still shapes the market: the Kyiv-based trade outlet GMK Center cited it in September 2026 as an added risk when TTF prices were above 80 euros per megawatt hour.\n\nhttps://gcaptain.com/u-s-treasury-sanctions-russias-largest-oil-companies-over-ukraine/\nhttps://gmk.center/en/news/european-gas-prices-exceeded-e80-mwh-in-september/", "size": [5.74, 3.59], "position": { "x": 486.171, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "name": "EU adopts its 20th sanctions package", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-04-23", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The 20th package was delayed for weeks because Hungary and Slovakia held it up while the Druzhba pipeline was out of service after a January 2026 drone strike. On 22 April 2026 Reuters reported that EU envoys were set to adopt it once oil flowed again, and law-firm updates date the Council's adoption to 23 April 2026.\n\nThe package targets Russia's energy revenue and military supply chains, including drone production and the shadow fleet, phases in a ban on services for Russian LNG and icebreakers, and imposes asset freezes and business bans on major refineries and producers. It was the first to use the anti-circumvention tool against a third country, Kyrgyzstan, and it bans dealings with an oil port in Indonesia. Envoys agreed in principle on a full maritime services ban on Russian oil, but delayed implementation pending coordination with the G7.\n\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 545.218, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-21", "name": "EU adopts its 21st sanctions package", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-07-23", "Policy kind": "Sanctions package", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The 21st package came three months after the 20th and was adopted by the Council on 23 July 2026, taking effect the next day. It contains 218 new listings, 48 individuals and 170 entities, the highest number adopted since the war began, including 94 banks and financial institutions such as the Moscow Exchange, and 51 entities accused of helping Russia evade sanctions, 24 in Russia and 27 in third countries.\n\nOn energy it extends the transaction ban to refineries processing Russian oil, naming the Kulevi refinery in Georgia from January 2027, requires notification of LNG tanker sales, and adds 41 vessels to the 632 already listed in the shadow fleet, bringing the total to 673. It suspends adaptation of the oil price cap for a year, until July 2027, and bans crypto services in designated third countries.\n\nhttps://finance.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-adopts-21th-package-sanctions-against-russia-2026-07-23_en\nhttps://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2026/08/eu-adopts-21st-russia-sanctions-package", "size": [5.92, 3.7], "position": { "x": 558.865, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-us-russian-oil-waiver", "name": "US lets buyers take Russian oil stranded at sea", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-03-12", "Policy kind": "Financial sanction", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The Iran war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz sent crude prices sharply higher in March 2026. The United States first granted India a waiver to buy Russian oil already at sea, and Trading Economics reported on 13 March that Washington would temporarily allow other countries to do so too. Fortune described a 30-day waiver with an expiry of 11 April.\n\nTreasury Secretary Bessent said it would not give Moscow a significant financial benefit, while Zelensky criticised the move and argued that Russia would spend the energy income on weapons. Analysts doubted that easing sanctions would add much supply.\n\nhttps://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/crude-oil/news/533176\nhttps://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 534.207, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-pd-diesel-export-ban", "name": "Russia imposes a diesel export ban", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-07-08", "Policy kind": "Export control", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak floated a diesel export ban on 23 June 2026 and said the country had maxed out capacity across all refineries, but Russia's Energy Ministry advised against it after a meeting on 27 June. The refinery campaign continued, and on 7 July Ukraine struck the Omsk refinery, Russia's largest.\n\nOn 8 July 2026 Russia imposed its first diesel export ban, according to the IEA's analysis reported by Oil & Gas Journal. It was extended to 31 August and then to 30 September. Diesel is Russia's biggest refined export product, so the ban cut an important source of foreign currency while the Moscow refinery was reported to stay offline until early 2027.\n\nhttps://www.ogj.com/general-interest/economics-markets/news/55404783/iea-ukrainian-drone-campaign-degrades-russian-refining-resilience\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/06/30/ukrainian-analyst-half-of-russias-oil-refining-is-now-offline/", "size": [5.38, 3.36], "position": { "x": 552.993, "y": -178.56, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-ag-znpp-ceasefire-dec-2025", "name": "IAEA-brokered ceasefire for Zaporizhzhia power line repairs, December 2025", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2025-12-28", "Agreement kind": "Ceasefire", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 28 }, "description": "A line connecting the Zaporizhzhia plant's switchyard with the nearby thermal power plant was cut in mid-December 2025, reportedly by military activity, and the plant's only 330 kV line depended on that route. Both sides agreed to a local ceasefire brokered by the IAEA so technicians could work near the front.\n\nRepairs ran from Sunday morning, 28 December, to Monday afternoon, 29 December 2025, and also fixed a separate autotransformer problem at the switchyard. IAEA Director General Grossi thanked Russia and Ukraine, but warned that the situation remained precarious. It was the third time in recent months that IAEA-supervised truces had made repairs possible.\n\nhttps://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-economy/4075180-key-power-line-repaired-at-zaporizhzhia-npp-iaea.html", "size": [4.86, 3.04], "position": { "x": 512.299, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-key-rate-2022", "name": "Russian key rate raised to 20 percent", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-02-28", "Indicator": "Key rate", "Value": 20, "Unit": "%", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The freeze of the central bank's reserves and the first Western financial sanctions sent the rouble to record lows on 28 February 2022. The Bank of Russia responded the same day by raising its key interest rate to 20 percent and by banning foreigners from selling local securities.\n\nThe high rate was meant to stop deposit flight and defend the currency, and it signalled how hard the sanctions had hit the financial system. The Moscow Exchange stayed closed for more than a week, and by September 2026 the key rate stood at 14 percent.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine\nhttps://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/09/12/russian-central-bank-holds-key-rate-steady-at-14-pct", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -197.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-oil-gas-revenue-2026", "name": "Russian oil and gas budget revenue down 16.8 percent, January to July 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-07-31", "Indicator": "Oil and gas budget revenue change", "Value": -16.8, "Unit": "%", "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Oil and gas receipts are the largest single source of the Russian federal budget, and in 2026 they fell even though crude prices spiked in March. Meduza reported on 18 August 2026 that oil and gas revenue for January to July was down about 16.8 percent to 4.6 trillion roubles.\n\nThe fall widened the deficit, and the government had few remaining funding tools. Refinery damage and export bans on fuels cut export income from products, while crude revenue was supported by the March price spike and by the Urals price rising to about 94 dollars in September.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/08/18/russia-s-economy-is-growing-faster-than-expected-it-probably-won-t-last", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 567.316, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-oil-export-revenue-2026-09", "name": "Russian oil export revenue of 17.67 billion dollars in September 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-09-30", "Indicator": "Oil export revenue", "Value": 17.67, "Unit": "USD bn", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "The International Energy Agency tracks Russia's monthly oil export income, and the series jumped in 2026 as the Iran war pushed prices up. TASS reported on 14 October 2026, citing the IEA, that Russia's revenue from oil and petroleum product exports rose by 3.6 billion dollars from August to 17.67 billion in September, driven by higher oil prices.\n\nCrude brought in 14.5 billion dollars and products 3.16 billion. Total volumes of 6.52 million barrels a day were roughly unchanged, and September revenue was 4.32 billion dollars above September 2025.\n\nhttps://tass.com/economy/2202067", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 576.734, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-urals-2026-09", "name": "Urals crude at 94.3 dollars a barrel in September 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-09-30", "Indicator": "Oil price", "Value": 94.3, "Unit": "USD per barrel", "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Urals, the benchmark for most Russian crude, traded at a deep discount to Brent before 2026 and near 57 dollars before the Iran war. In September 2026 the IEA's monthly figure for Urals free-on-board Primorsk rose by 28.29 dollars to 94.3 dollars a barrel, the second-highest level since February 2022, according to TASS on 14 October 2026.\n\nThe rise followed the supply shock from the Iran war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. A higher Urals price lifted Russian revenue and weakened the effect of sanctions, even as the EU's 21st package suspended any further adjustment of its lower price cap for a year.\n\nhttps://tass.com/economy/2202067\nhttps://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 564.234, "y": -196.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-ttf-2026-09", "name": "European gas price of 82.5 euros per megawatt hour in September 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-09-14", "Indicator": "Gas price", "Value": 82.52, "Unit": "EUR per MWh", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "European gas prices were close to 50 euros per megawatt hour from mid-July 2026 and passed 60 in the second ten days of the month, then climbed in September. According to the Kyiv-based trade outlet GMK Center, citing ICE data, the October 2026 TTF futures contract reached 82.52 euros per megawatt hour on 14 September.\n\nThe outlet cited low storage, disrupted flows through the Strait of Hormuz, Asian demand during a heatwave, Norwegian maintenance and the upcoming ban on Russian LNG imports from 1 January 2027. Morgan Stanley forecast a winter average of 85 euros, possibly above 100 in a cold winter.\n\nhttps://gmk.center/en/news/european-gas-prices-exceeded-e80-mwh-in-september/", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 578.481, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-russian-gas-share-eu-2025", "name": "Russia's share of EU gas imports falls from 45 to 12 percent", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2025-12-31", "Indicator": "Russian share of EU gas imports", "Value": 12, "Unit": "%", "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Before the invasion Russia supplied about 45 percent of EU gas imports by volume, and the EU imported 152 billion cubic metres of Russian gas and LNG in 2021. The Wikipedia summary of REPowerEU records that by 2025 Russia's share had fallen to 12 percent and the volume to 36 billion cubic metres.\n\nThe fall followed the 2022 cut-offs, the loss of Nord Stream, the EU's demand reduction and the end of Ukrainian transit on 1 January 2025. What remained was pipeline gas by other routes and liquefied gas, which the EU plans to ban from 1 January 2027.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU\nhttps://gmk.center/en/news/european-gas-prices-exceeded-e80-mwh-in-september/", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 520.213, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-refinery-runs-2026-06", "name": "Russian crude runs at 3.8 million barrels a day in June 2026", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-06-30", "Indicator": "Refinery crude runs", "Value": 3.8, "Unit": "million barrels per day", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Russia's 32 major refineries have a nameplate capacity of 6.5 million barrels a day. After months of Ukrainian drone and missile strikes, the IEA said crude runs fell to 3.8 million barrels a day in June 2026, down 30 percent on the year and the lowest since 2004, according to Oil & Gas Journal's report of 14 September 2026.\n\nGasoline output was reportedly down about 20 percent, the 250,000 barrels per day Moscow refinery was reported offline until early 2027, and the IEA lowered its baseline forecast for Russian throughput to about 4 million barrels a day for the rest of 2026 and 2027.\n\nhttps://www.ogj.com/general-interest/economics-markets/news/55404783/iea-ukrainian-drone-campaign-degrades-russian-refining-resilience\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2026/06/30/ukrainian-analyst-half-of-russias-oil-refining-is-now-offline/", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 558.25, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-ukraine-gdp-2022", "name": "Ukraine's real GDP falls 28.8 percent in 2022", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2022-12-31", "Indicator": "GDP growth", "Value": -28.8, "Unit": "%", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The full-scale invasion of 2022 hit Ukraine's economy through lost territory, damaged industry, the blockade of Black Sea ports and the flight of millions of people. According to Interfax-Ukraine's reporting of national statistics on 30 July 2026, real GDP contracted by 28.8 percent in 2022.\n\nThe economy then recovered partly, with growth of 5.5 percent in 2023 and 2.9 percent in 2024, but it remained far below its pre-war size. The Wikipedia summary of the economic impact puts the fall at nearly 30 percent and notes that the hryvnia was devalued by 25 percent on 21 July 2022.\n\nhttps://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/1189297.html\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 326.637, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-st-frozen-assets-eu", "name": "210 billion euros of Russian assets frozen in the EU", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2025-12-18", "Indicator": "Frozen Russian central bank assets in the EU", "Value": 210, "Unit": "EUR bn", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Most of the Russian central bank assets immobilised in 2022 sit in the European Union, and most of those at Euroclear in Belgium. When EU leaders met in December 2025 the Associated Press reported the frozen assets at 210 billion euros, of which 193 billion euros were held at Euroclear, against Ukraine's financing needs of 137 billion euros in 2026 and 2027 according to the IMF.\n\nBelgium's Prime Minister Bart De Wever called a loan backed by the assets legally risky, the leaders agreed instead on 18 and 19 December to borrow 90 billion euros on the markets, and the assets stay immobilised until Russia pays reparations. Russia's central bank sued Euroclear to block any such use.\n\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-90-billion-euro-loan-to-ukraine/\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/19/eu-delays-210bn-frozen-assets-end-2027", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 506.666, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-wnn-znpp", "name": "IAEA appeal after shelling and fire at Zaporozhe", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-03-04", "Publisher": "World Nuclear News", "Headline": "IAEA appeal after shelling and fire at Zaporozhe", "URL": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "World Nuclear News, a trade outlet, reported on 4 March 2022 that Ukraine's nuclear regulator said shelling caused a fire in a training building a few hundred metres from the reactors, extinguished at 06:20 local time, and that six power units remained intact. The regulator said Russian forces occupied the site while Ukrainian staff kept operating it.\n\nIt carried the IAEA's statement that essential equipment was not affected, Russia's Defence Ministry's version that its troops had been attacked from the training facility, and an appeal by IAEA Director General Grossi for an end to the use of force, as well as reactions from nuclear industry groups.\n\nhttps://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 195.497, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-aljazeera-nord-stream", "name": "Swedish probe of Nord Stream leaks points to serious sabotage", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-10-06", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "Swedish probe of Nord Stream leaks points to 'serious sabotage'", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/6/initial-probe-of-nord-stream-gas-leaks-points-to-sabotage-sweden", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Al Jazeera reported on 6 October 2022 that Sweden's security agency said an inspection of two Nord Stream leaks strengthened suspicions of serious sabotage. Prosecutor Mats Ljungqvist said detonations had damaged Nord Stream 1 and 2 in Swedish waters and that evidence had been seized.\n\nThe article said Danish authorities reported that two methane leaks in international waters had stopped, that Russia and the West had each accused the other, and that the Kremlin said an investigation could not be objective without Russian participation.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/6/initial-probe-of-nord-stream-gas-leaks-points-to-sabotage-sweden", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 306.599, "y": -185.06, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-un-news-odesa", "name": "Ukraine: Guterres 'strongly condemns' Russian attacks on Odesa and other ports", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2023-07-20", "Publisher": "UN News", "Headline": "Ukraine: Guterres 'strongly condemns' Russian attacks on Odesa and other ports", "URL": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927", "Article kind": "Official release", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "UN News reported on 20 July 2023 that Secretary-General Guterres strongly condemned three nights of Russian attacks on Odesa and other ports that followed Moscow's withdrawal from the Black Sea Initiative. The attacks, he said, contradicted Russia's commitments under the memorandum of understanding.\n\nThe report quoted UN Resident Coordinator Denise Brown calling the strikes inhumane, gave figures of at least three people killed and at least 19 injured in Mykolaiv, and said the initiative had enabled the export of more than 30 million tonnes of Ukrainian grain over the previous year.\n\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 351.307, "y": -200.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-gcaptain-ofac", "name": "U.S. Treasury Sanctions Russia's Largest Oil Companies Over Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2025-10-22", "Publisher": "gCaptain", "Headline": "U.S. Treasury Sanctions Russia's Largest Oil Companies Over Ukraine", "URL": "https://gcaptain.com/u-s-treasury-sanctions-russias-largest-oil-companies-over-ukraine/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "The maritime trade site gCaptain reported on 22 October 2025 that the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control had sanctioned Rosneft and Lukoil under Executive Order 14024, the first major US sanctions action against Russia under the Trump administration. Entities owned 50 percent or more by either company are automatically blocked.\n\nThe article gave the companies' combined exports of 3.1 million barrels a day, said Rosneft accounts for nearly half of Russian oil production, quoted Treasury Secretary Bessent, and noted that the move followed the cancellation of a planned Trump-Putin meeting the day before. It added that the UK had acted on 15 October and the EU was expected to adopt its 19th package that week.\n\nhttps://gcaptain.com/u-s-treasury-sanctions-russias-largest-oil-companies-over-ukraine/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 498.539, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-euromaidan-210bn", "name": "EU delays 210bn frozen Russian assets decision until end-2027", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2025-12-19", "Publisher": "Euromaidan Press", "Headline": "EU delays €210bn frozen Russian assets decision until end-2027", "URL": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/19/eu-delays-210bn-frozen-assets-end-2027", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Peeter Helme" }, "description": "Euromaidan Press, a Ukrainian outlet, reported on 19 December 2025 that EU leaders approved a 90 billion euro loan for Ukraine without tapping 210 billion euros in frozen Russian assets, and that the Commission was told to keep working on a reparations loan. The plan stalled because Belgium demanded unlimited guarantees against Russian legal retaliation and most others refused.\n\nThe article quoted von der Leyen on financing beyond 2027 being part of the next EU budget, Costa on the Commission's mandate, De Wever saying Ukraine gets its money, and Zelensky saying the assets remain immobilised, and said Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic opted out.\n\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/19/eu-delays-210bn-frozen-assets-end-2027", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 534.537, "y": -103.43, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-interfax-ua-gdp", "name": "National Bank improves Ukraine's 2026 GDP growth forecast from 1.3% to 1.8%", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2026-07-30", "Publisher": "Interfax-Ukraine", "Headline": "National Bank improves Ukraine's 2026 GDP growth forecast from 1.3% to 1.8%", "URL": "https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/1189297.html", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Interfax-Ukraine reported on 30 July 2026 that the National Bank of Ukraine raised its 2026 growth forecast from 1.3 to 1.8 percent. The article gave real GDP growth of minus 28.8 percent in 2022, 5.5 percent in 2023, 2.9 percent in 2024 and 1.8 percent in 2025, and nominal GDP of 8.931 trillion hryvnias for 2025.\n\nThe central bank cited easier fiscal policy and a boost to the economy from directing part of external financing to the localisation of weapons production.\n\nhttps://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/1189297.html", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 334.347, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-na-fortune-putin-winner", "name": "Putin is the real winner in Trump's Iran war as it puts Russian oil back on the map", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2026-03-23", "Publisher": "Fortune", "Headline": "Putin is the real winner in Trump's Iran war as it puts Russian oil back on the map", "URL": "https://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Marco Quiroz-Gutierrez" }, "description": "Fortune reported on 23 March 2026 that the Iran war had disrupted roughly a fifth of the world's oil supply and boosted demand for Russian barrels. It said a Guardian analysis of CREA data put Russia's fossil fuel earnings at about 7 billion dollars in the first two weeks of March, and that Urals had risen from about 57 dollars before the conflict to nearly Brent's level near 100.\n\nIt described a 30-day US waiver for Russian oil at sea, expiring 11 April, quoted Treasury Secretary Bessent saying it would not significantly benefit Moscow, and reported Zelensky's criticism and analysts' scepticism about the waiver's effect.\n\nhttps://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 539.847, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-dq-grossi-words", "name": "Grossi: Words must mean something", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "Date": "2022-03-04", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe" }, "description": "On 4 March 2022, after shelling set fire to a building at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi appealed for an end to the use of force and warned of severe dangers if reactors were hit. As quoted by World Nuclear News: 'Words must mean something - it is time for action.'\n\nThe appeal came as Russian forces took control of the site.\n\nhttps://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 194.997, "y": -182.56, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-dq-putin-revive-grain", "name": "Putin on reviving the grain deal", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "Date": "2023-09-04", "Language": "Russian", "Source URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/4/erdogan-visits-putin-in-russias-sochi-in-bid-to-revive-ukraine-grain-deal" }, "description": "On 4 September 2023, meeting Turkey's President Erdogan in Sochi, Vladimir Putin tied a return to the grain deal to the lifting of restrictions on Russian agricultural exports. Al Jazeera's English rendering of his remarks: 'We will be ready to consider the possibility of reviving the grain deal.'\n\nThe original was spoken in Russian, and the quoted English is a translation as published by Al Jazeera.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/4/erdogan-visits-putin-in-russias-sochi-in-bid-to-revive-ukraine-grain-deal", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 364.697, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-p-ursula-von-der-leyen", "name": "Ursula von der Leyen", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "President of the European Commission 2019–", "Nationality": "Germany", "First appearance": "2022-05-18", "Impact score": 63 }, "description": "Ursula von der Leyen has been President of the European Commission since 2019 and led the EU's response to the invasion on sanctions and energy. The Commission adopted the REPowerEU plan on 18 May 2022 to end Europe's dependence on Russian fossil fuels, and in June 2025 it proposed a law to phase out Russian gas and oil imports by the end of 2027.\n\nIn December 2025 the Commission searched for a way to finance Ukraine from frozen Russian assets, which Belgium blocked, and EU leaders agreed to borrow 90 billion euros instead. She said financing Ukraine beyond 2027 would be part of the next long-term EU budget discussion, as quoted by Euromaidan Press.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/19/eu-delays-210bn-frozen-assets-end-2027\nPicture: Ursula von der Leyen 2024.jpg, European People's Party, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ursula_von_der_Leyen_2024.jpg", "size": 3.42, "position": { "x": 254.971, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["5d6a61a2-8e82-496a-865a-cf6cecd177c6"], "nodeImage": "5d6a61a2-8e82-496a-865a-cf6cecd177c6" }, { "ID": "uw-p-viktor-orban", "name": "Viktor Orbán", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Prime Minister of Hungary 2010–2026", "Nationality": "Hungary", "First appearance": "2025-12-18", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Viktor Orbán was Prime Minister of Hungary from 2010 until 2026 and the EU leader most often at odds with its Ukraine policy. His government kept access to Russian pipeline oil and gas, and in spring 2026 Hungary and Slovakia withheld support for the 20th sanctions package until Druzhba oil flows resumed.\n\nIn December 2025 he opposed financing Ukraine, saying that to give money means war, and Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic did not block the 90 billion euro loan after being promised protection from its costs. On 12 April 2026 his Fidesz-KDNP party lost the parliamentary election to Peter Magyar's Tisza party, which won 141 of 199 seats, and Magyar was elected Prime Minister on 9 May 2026.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Hungarian_parliamentary_election\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-90-billion-euro-loan-to-ukraine/", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 506.666, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "images": ["83e7bd35-c95d-4f57-9e10-d0fb527be613"], "nodeImage": "83e7bd35-c95d-4f57-9e10-d0fb527be613" }, { "ID": "uw-p-rafael-grossi", "name": "Rafael Grossi", "type": "Person", "properties": { "Role": "Director General of the IAEA 2019–", "Nationality": "Argentina", "First appearance": "2022-03-04", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Rafael Mariano Grossi has been Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency since December 2019 and the main international voice on the safety of Ukraine's nuclear plants. He appealed for restraint at Zaporizhzhia on 4 March 2022 and has since negotiated local ceasefires so that damaged power lines could be repaired.\n\nIn September 2026 the ceasefire of 5 September was described as the seventh he had negotiated, after the plant lost its last external line on 20 August. He has warned repeatedly that the situation at the plant is precarious.\n\nhttps://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/IAEA-appeal-after-shelling-and-fire-at-Zaporozhe\nhttps://web29.bernama.com/nnn/news.php?id=2603419\nPicture: Rafael Mariano Grossi (00110002) (51192184415).jpg, IAEA Imagebank (Dean Calma / IAEA), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rafael_Mariano_Grossi_(00110002)_(51192184415).jpg", "size": 3.37, "position": { "x": 187.517, "y": -24, "z": 0 }, "images": ["a4c81325-de82-43a3-9319-8322bbae84f1"], "nodeImage": "a4c81325-de82-43a3-9319-8322bbae84f1" }, { "ID": "uw-c-hungary", "name": "Hungary", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Country", "First appearance": "2022-12-05", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "Hungary kept pipeline oil and gas from Russia under its exemptions and, under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, resisted EU sanctions. It received Russian crude through the Druzhba pipeline, and in spring 2026 it joined Slovakia in withholding support for the 20th sanctions package until the pipeline, hit by a drone strike in January, was repaired.\n\nIn December 2025 Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic did not block the 90 billion euro EU loan but were promised protection from its costs. On 12 April 2026 Orbán's party lost the election to Peter Magyar's Tisza, who became Prime Minister on 9 May 2026.\n\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Hungarian_parliamentary_election", "size": [4.33, 4.33], "position": { "x": 304.702, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-european-union", "name": "European Union", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Bloc", "First appearance": "2022-02-26", "Impact score": 90 }, "description": "The European Union is the largest imposer of sanctions on Russia and the economy most affected by the loss of Russian gas. Its Council had adopted 21 numbered sanctions packages as of 23 July 2026, covering banks, oil, gas, shipping, dual-use goods, crypto and listings of individuals, and its governments hold most of the frozen Russian central bank assets.\n\nThe Commission adopted the REPowerEU plan in May 2022 and proposed in June 2025 to end Russian gas and oil imports by the end of 2027. In December 2025 EU leaders borrowed 90 billion euros for Ukraine instead of using the frozen assets.\n\nhttps://finance.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-adopts-21th-package-sanctions-against-russia-2026-07-23_en\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU", "size": [4.87, 4.87], "position": { "x": 166.549, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["1710519e-02e6-4ffa-9699-75df72e73909"], "nodeImage": "1710519e-02e6-4ffa-9699-75df72e73909" }, { "ID": "uw-c-g7", "name": "G7", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Bloc", "First appearance": "2022-12-05", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "The Group of Seven, made up of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and Canada, coordinated the financial sanctions on Russia and the freeze of its central bank assets. On 2 September 2022 G7 finance ministers agreed on a price cap on Russian oil, and the EU and Australia joined it from 5 December 2022.\n\nThe cap has been lowered since then by most members apart from the United States, and in 2026 the EU and G7 were still coordinating over a full ban on maritime services for Russian oil, which would end the price cap.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say", "size": [4.54, 4.54], "position": { "x": 309.702, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-iaea", "name": "International Atomic Energy Agency", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "International organisation", "First appearance": "2022-03-04", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The International Atomic Energy Agency is the UN's nuclear watchdog, and in this war it became the only international body with staff inside a war zone. After Russian forces seized the Zaporizhzhia plant in March 2022 the agency sent a mission in September 2022, kept personnel on site since then, and has monitored power supply, cooling and shelling.\n\nIts Director General Rafael Grossi has negotiated seven local ceasefires, the latest on 5 September 2026, so that damaged power lines could be repaired.\n\nhttps://web29.bernama.com/nnn/news.php?id=2603419\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "size": [4.5, 4.5], "position": { "x": 198.017, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true }, "images": ["102fa1c6-321d-407a-9443-8b907797929f"], "nodeImage": "102fa1c6-321d-407a-9443-8b907797929f" }, { "ID": "uw-c-gazprom", "name": "Gazprom", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Company", "First appearance": "2022-04-27", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Gazprom is Russia's state-controlled gas exporter and the supplier behind the pipeline flows to Europe that were cut in 2022. It halted deliveries to Poland and Bulgaria on 27 April 2022 over the payment dispute, slashed Nord Stream 1 flows to 40 percent in June 2022 and stopped them on 2 September 2022, and its transit contract through Ukraine ended on 1 January 2025.\n\nIn 2025 a Swiss court ordered Gazprom to pay Naftogaz 1.4 billion dollars for breach of its transit contract. Russia's share of EU gas imports fell from 45 to 12 percent between 2021 and 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes", "size": [4.54, 4.54], "position": { "x": 242.823, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-bank-of-russia", "name": "Bank of Russia", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "Government body", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "The Bank of Russia is the country's central bank. Its reserves of more than 400 billion dollars held abroad were frozen on 28 February 2022, and it responded the same day by raising its key rate to 20 percent and banning foreigners from selling local securities. Its governor is Elvira Nabiullina.\n\nThe bank held its key rate at 14 percent on 11 September 2026, and it sued Euroclear to block any use of its frozen assets for a loan to Ukraine, according to the Associated Press in December 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/09/12/russian-central-bank-holds-key-rate-steady-at-14-pct\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-90-billion-euro-loan-to-ukraine/", "size": [4.54, 4.54], "position": { "x": 179.903, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-l-odesa", "name": "Odesa", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "City", "Latitude": 46.4825, "Longitude": 30.7233, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-08-01", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "Odesa is Ukraine's largest port city on the Black Sea and the hub of its grain exports. The Razoni left its port on 1 August 2022 as the first ship under the Black Sea Grain Initiative, and after Russia left the deal in July 2023 the city and its ports were struck on several nights, as UN officials reported on 20 July 2023.\n\nOn 16 August 2023 the Joseph Schulte became the first ship to leave Odesa through Ukraine's own corridor.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1138927\nPicture: 2017 Одеса територія Морського вокзалу.jpg, ЯдвигаВереск, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2017_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83.jpg", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 261.243, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["01c42b82-3663-4760-8ad6-01188b0ef3ea"], "nodeImage": "01c42b82-3663-4760-8ad6-01188b0ef3ea" }, { "ID": "uw-l-zaporizhzhia-npp", "name": "Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Facility", "Latitude": 47.5119, "Longitude": 34.5856, "Control in October 2026": "Russia", "First appearance": "2022-03-04", "Impact score": 80 }, "description": "The Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant at Enerhodar on the Dnipro is the largest in Europe, with six reactors, and it has been under Russian control since March 2022. Ukrainian staff kept operating it under occupation, and the units are in cold shutdown or, for one, hot shutdown to supply steam. It depends on outside power for cooling, and its lines have been cut repeatedly.\n\nThe cooling reservoir was lost when the Kakhovka Dam was destroyed in June 2023. Drones hit the site in April 2024, and on 20 August 2026 its last external line was lost. Ukrainian operator Energoatom says the reactors cannot safely be restarted, while Russia has issued operating licences for two units.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant\nhttps://web29.bernama.com/nnn/news.php?id=2603419\nPicture: Kernkraftwerk Saporischschja.JPG, Ralf1969, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kernkraftwerk_Saporischschja.JPG", "size": 3.7, "position": { "x": 189.017, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["8774f0c8-ba7d-49ca-b9ae-953066a23ef7"], "nodeImage": "8774f0c8-ba7d-49ca-b9ae-953066a23ef7" }, { "ID": "uw-l-nord-stream-pipelines", "name": "Nord Stream pipelines", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Infrastructure", "Latitude": 55.5, "Longitude": 15.7, "Control in October 2026": "Outside Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-06-16", "Impact score": 78 }, "description": "Nord Stream 1 and 2 are the twin gas pipeline systems that run along the Baltic seabed from Russia to Germany. Nord Stream 1 carried Russian gas to Germany until Gazprom stopped deliveries on 2 September 2022, and Nord Stream 2 had not entered service.\n\nOn 26 September 2022 underwater explosions caused leaks on three of the four pipes in the Danish and Swedish economic zones, and the investigation by Sweden and Denmark was closed in February 2024 while Germany's continued with an arrest in Italy in August 2025.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute", "size": 3.67, "position": { "x": 248.503, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-eco-l-kharkiv-tec5", "name": "Kharkiv thermal power plant TEC-5", "type": "Place", "properties": { "Place kind": "Facility", "Latitude": 49.95, "Longitude": 36.3, "Control in October 2026": "Ukraine", "First appearance": "2022-09-11", "Impact score": 35 }, "description": "Kharkiv's thermal power plant TEC-5 is a combined heat and power station serving Ukraine's second-largest city. It was struck on 11 September 2022 during the Kharkiv counteroffensive, leaving parts of five regions without power, and again in the mass attack of 22 March 2024, when it was damaged along with the Dnipro Dam and the Zmiivska thermal plant.\n\nBoth attacks are part of the long Russian campaign against the Ukrainian grid.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure\nPicture: ТЭЦ5.JPG, Sector (User:Nomad VG), CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A65.JPG", "size": 2.86, "position": { "x": 276.808, "y": -232.02, "z": 0 }, "images": ["65619d68-2adf-4324-ac61-94708f1b9353"], "nodeImage": "65619d68-2adf-4324-ac61-94708f1b9353" }, { "ID": "uw-k-shadow-fleet", "name": "Shadow fleet", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "First appearance": "2022-12-05", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "The shadow fleet is the group of ageing tankers, often uninsured or falsely flagged, that carry Russian oil outside the reach of the price cap and Western services. Estimates put the number of ships involved in the Russian trade at about 1,400 in 2024, fewer than a quarter of them under G7 or Norwegian jurisdiction, and the IMO listed 367 falsely flagged tankers as of 4 April 2026.\n\nThe EU has sanctioned 673 vessels as of July 2026, and states are moving from lists to interdiction, with the French Navy seizing the tanker Tagor in May 2026. The fleet is how sanctions evasion works at sea, and it brings accident and pollution risk to the Danish straits and other waters.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_fleet\nhttps://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2026/08/eu-adopts-21st-russia-sanctions-package", "size": 3.46, "position": { "x": 317.202, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-sanctions-evasion", "name": "Sanctions evasion", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 58 }, "description": "Sanctions evasion covers the routes by which Russia keeps buying dual-use goods and selling oil despite Western restrictions: re-export through third countries, front companies, shadow-fleet shipping, crypto platforms and banks outside the Western system. Each EU package since 2022 has added anti-circumvention measures.\n\nThe 20th package of April 2026 was the first to use the anti-circumvention tool against a third country, Kyrgyzstan, and the 21st package of July 2026 added 51 anti-circumvention entities, 24 in Russia and 27 in third countries, along with a ban on crypto services in designated third countries.\n\nhttps://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/04/22/eu-envoys-poised-to-adopt-20th-package-of-russia-sanctions-diplomats-say\nhttps://finance.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-adopts-21th-package-sanctions-against-russia-2026-07-23_en", "size": 3.33, "position": { "x": 159.403, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-frozen-russian-assets", "name": "Frozen Russian assets", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "First appearance": "2022-02-28", "Impact score": 68 }, "description": "About 210 billion euros of Russian central bank assets are frozen in the EU, 193 billion of them at Euroclear in Belgium, a part of the over 400 billion dollars of reserves immobilised abroad on 28 February 2022. The question is whether they can be used to pay for Ukraine's defence and reconstruction.\n\nIn December 2025 EU leaders could not agree on a reparations loan backed by the assets because Belgium demanded unlimited guarantees against Russian legal retaliation, and instead agreed to borrow 90 billion euros on the markets. The assets remain immobilised until Russia pays reparations, and the Commission kept a mandate to continue work on the reparations loan.\n\nhttps://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2025/12/19/eu-leaders-agree-on-90-billion-euro-loan-to-ukraine/\nhttps://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/19/eu-delays-210bn-frozen-assets-end-2027", "size": 3.51, "position": { "x": 173.903, "y": -211.69, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-russian-war-economy", "name": "Russian war economy", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Economy and sanctions", "First appearance": "2022-04-01", "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Since 2022 Russia's budget and industrial output have shifted towards the war: military and security spending, state procurement, wage rises in defence industries and subsidised credit. By 2026 the effects were wearing off.\n\nMeduza reported in August 2026 that Q2 growth of 1.3 percent rested on temporary factors, with federal spending up about 13 percent, government procurement up 38.5 percent, a deficit of 6.455 trillion roubles in January to July and oil and gas revenue down 16.8 percent. The central bank held its key rate at 14 percent on 11 September 2026, and civilian manufacturing remained weak.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/feature/2026/08/18/russia-s-economy-is-growing-faster-than-expected-it-probably-won-t-last\nhttps://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/09/12/russian-central-bank-holds-key-rate-steady-at-14-pct", "size": 3.46, "position": { "x": 216.762, "y": -205.19, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-k-grid-strikes", "name": "Strikes on Ukraine's energy grid", "type": "Concept", "properties": { "Domain": "Energy", "First appearance": "2022-09-11", "Impact score": 85 }, "description": "Russia has attacked Ukrainian electricity generation, transmission and gas production in repeated waves since September 2022: the autumn and winter 2022-23 campaign, the spring 2024 attacks that destroyed the Trypilska plant, and the winter of 2025-26. The DiXi Group counted about 12,700 drones and 2,900 missiles launched at energy facilities over four years.\n\nRUSI estimated that half of Ukraine's generating capacity had been destroyed by mid-2024.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure", "size": 3.78, "position": { "x": 274.808, "y": -176.06, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-temporary-protection", "name": "EU activates temporary protection for refugees from Ukraine", "type": "Policy decision", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-03-04", "Policy kind": "Protection measure", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "Within days of the full-scale invasion of 24 February 2022, millions of people began crossing into Poland, Romania, Moldova, Slovakia and Hungary, and EU governments needed a common legal status that avoided overloaded individual asylum procedures. On 4 March 2022 the EU Council activated the Temporary Protection Directive, a mechanism written after the Balkan wars of the 1990s and never used before. It gave people fleeing Ukraine an initial one-year stay, extendable to a maximum of three years, with the right to work, housing, schooling and medical care across the Union. The decision let host states register arrivals quickly, shaped where refugees settled (Germany, Poland and Czechia hosted the most by 2025, according to UNHCR and IOM data summarised by Wikipedia), and had to be prolonged repeatedly as the war continued; in July 2025 the Council extended it to 4 March 2027.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis\nhttps://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/news/2025/07/15/7215949/", "size": [6.08, 3.8], "position": { "x": 189.517, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-a-mariupol-theatre", "name": "Mariupol theatre airstrike", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-03-16", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "By mid-March 2022 Mariupol was encircled and under daily bombardment, and the city's drama theatre had become its largest air-raid shelter, with officials saying 500 to 1,200 civilians sheltering inside. Shortly after 10 am on 16 March 2022 the building was hit by an airstrike. Russia's Ministry of Defence denied carrying out air strikes in the city and said the Azov Regiment had blown up the theatre; the OSCE said it had no indication Azov was responsible. Amnesty International concluded on 30 June 2022 that the theatre was almost certainly hit by two 500 kg bombs from Russian aircraft and called it a clear war crime; it counted at least a dozen deaths and said the toll was likely much higher. The Associated Press investigation of 4 May 2022 pointed to about 600 dead, while the Mariupol City Council had estimated about 300 on 25 March. The strike became one of the best-documented single attacks on civilians in the siege of Mariupol.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike\nhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/06/ukraine-deadly-mariupol-theatre-strike-a-clear-war-crime-by-russian-forces-new-investigation/\nhttps://apnews.com/article/Russia-ukraine-war-mariupol-theater-c321a196fbd568899841b506afcac7a1", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 208.216, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-bucha", "name": "Killings in Bucha come to light", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-04-01", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "Russian forces entered the Kyiv suburb of Bucha on 27 February 2022 and held it until they withdrew northwards in late March, as their offensive on the capital failed. When Ukrainian troops entered on 1 April 2022, video and photographs of civilian bodies on the streets were published, and the pictures spread worldwide within days. Russian officials, including Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, called the scenes staged; satellite images from Maxar, analysed by The New York Times, showed body-like objects on Yablonska Street between 9 and 11 March, while Russian forces held the town. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) documented at least 50 unlawful civilian killings in Bucha by June 2022 and later raised the figure to at least 73, with 105 more deaths under investigation, while local officials counted 458 bodies. UN Secretary-General Guterres called for an independent investigation and Ukraine asked the International Criminal Court to send investigators.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucha_massacre", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 218.762, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-icc-putin-warrant", "name": "ICC issues arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-03-17", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 65 }, "description": "After the ICC prosecutor opened an investigation into Ukraine in March 2022, his office focused on reports that children had been moved from occupied Ukrainian areas to Russia. On 22 February 2023 Prosecutor Karim Khan requested warrants, and on 17 March 2023 the court's judges issued them for President Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova, Russia's children's rights commissioner, for the alleged war crime of unlawful deportation and transfer of children. It was the first ICC warrant against the leader of a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Russia, which is not a party to the Rome Statute, said the decision had no meaning for it; the ICC president said non-ratification was irrelevant because Ukraine had accepted the court's jurisdiction. The warrant limits Putin's travel to states that would be obliged to arrest him, and was followed by further ICC warrants against Russian commanders in 2024.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/17/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-russias-putin-over-ukraine-crimes\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine", "size": 5.11, "position": { "x": 323.329, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-a-kakhovka-dam", "name": "Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-06-06", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 70 }, "description": "The Kakhovka dam on the Dnipro in Kherson Oblast had been held by Russian forces since the first weeks of the invasion, and after Russia withdrew from the right bank of Kherson in November 2022 it sat on the front line between the two armies. Early on 6 June 2023 the dam was breached, emptying the Kakhovka reservoir and flooding the lower Dnipro. Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council blamed Russia's 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade; Russian-installed officials blamed Ukrainian sabotage, and Russia denies responsibility. The New York Times concluded after reviewing the evidence that the dam was most likely crippled by an explosion set off by the side that controlled it. Tens of thousands of people were in the flood zone, more than 40 settlements flooded, and Reuters reported more than 50 deaths by 19 June 2023. Canals fed by the reservoir ran dry, affecting drinking water and irrigation in the south.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/official-kakhovka-dam-was-blown-up-by-russias-205th-motorized-rifle-brigade/\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakhovka_Dam\nhttps://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15310.doc.htm\nPicture: Гребля і Каховська ГЕС 03.jpg, Volodymyr Dziubak (uploaded as Demin Vadim), CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%95%D0%A1_03.jpg", "size": 5.25, "position": { "x": 340.44, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "images": ["804fe469-4131-40c3-8fa2-9072a0ac4af4"] }, { "ID": "uw-a-okhmatdyt-strike", "name": "Missile strike on Okhmatdyt children's hospital", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2024-07-08", "Event kind": "Strike", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "On 8 July 2024 Russia launched around 40 missiles of various types at Ukraine, according to President Zelensky, in a daytime barrage on several cities. In Kyiv a missile hit Okhmatdyt, Ukraine's largest children's hospital, destroying one building and damaging four others, according to Health Minister Viktor Liashko. Ukraine's security service said preliminary data pointed to a Kh-101 cruise missile. More than 600 patients and at least as many staff were present; the first reports gave at least two dead, both adults, and more than 50 injured. Human Rights Watch put the day's toll across Ukrainian cities at at least 42 civilians killed and 190 injured, per Ukrainian authorities, and said attacks on medical facilities are war crimes that should be investigated. The hospital's director later told the UN Security Council that intensive care, oncology and surgical wings were badly damaged. Children were moved to other hospitals and a rebuilding effort followed.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/russian-missile-attack-hits-okhmatdyt-children-hospital-casualties-reported/\nhttps://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/11/russias-july-8-attack-childrens-hospital-ukraine", "size": 4.96, "position": { "x": 420.941, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "images": ["e95cebd1-6667-4341-af33-557de632cbd9"] }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-icc-investigation-opened", "name": "ICC opens investigation into the situation in Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-03-02", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Days after the full-scale invasion, Ukraine was not a member of the International Criminal Court but had earlier accepted its jurisdiction over crimes on its territory since 2013. In late February 2022 Prosecutor Karim Khan announced he would seek to open an investigation, and a joint referral by dozens of states followed. On 2 March 2022 the ICC Office of the Prosecutor opened the investigation into alleged war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide in Ukraine, covering conduct from November 2013 onwards. The opening gave the court a legal basis to collect evidence in Bucha, Mariupol and elsewhere, and it led directly to the first arrest warrants in March 2023. Russia does not recognise the court.\n\nhttps://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=2022-prosecutor-statement-referrals-ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 181.057, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-un-coi-established", "name": "UN Human Rights Council establishes a Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-03-04", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "With civilian casualties mounting in the first week of the invasion, the UN Human Rights Council met in Geneva and on 4 March 2022 created an Independent International Commission of Inquiry to investigate violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in the context of the Russian aggression. The commission began with three experts, chaired by Erik Møse of Norway, and a one-year mandate that the Council has extended since, most recently in April 2025. Its reports, from October 2022 onwards, became a main UN source for findings on killings, torture, deportations of children and attacks on energy infrastructure. Russia refused to cooperate and does not accept its findings.\n\nhttps://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/03/human-rights-council-establishes-independent-international-commission\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine", "size": 4.81, "position": { "x": 198.017, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-izium-mass-graves", "name": "Mass graves found in Izium after the Russian withdrawal", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-09-15", "Event kind": "Incident", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 50 }, "description": "Russian forces held Izium in Kharkiv Oblast from spring 2022 until Ukraine's counteroffensive retook the city in September 2022. On 15 September 2022 investigators found a burial site in woods near the city, and by 16 September had counted more than 445 graves. According to Ukrainian investigators, 447 bodies were exhumed, among them 414 civilians and 22 servicemen, and Kharkiv governor Oleh Synyehubov said 99 per cent of those exhumed showed signs of violent death. The UN human rights office said its monitors in Ukraine would try to establish whether those buried had died in hostilities or from other causes. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov called the claims lies, while the White House said the findings matched the brutality of the war. The discovery renewed calls for accountability alongside the earlier killings in Bucha.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izium_mass_graves\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126801", "size": 4.65, "position": { "x": 278.782, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-icc-warrants-sokolov-kobylash", "name": "ICC issues warrants for two Russian commanders over strikes on Ukraine's power grid", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2024-03-05", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "After Russia's strike campaign on Ukraine's power grid in the winter of 2022-23, the ICC prosecutor sought warrants against senior officers responsible for it. On 5 March 2024 ICC judges issued arrest warrants for two senior Russian commanders, Sergei Kobylash and Viktor Sokolov. The charges were directing attacks at civilian objects, causing excessive incidental harm to civilians, and the crime against humanity of inhumane acts. These were the second set of public warrants in the Ukraine situation after those for Putin and Lvova-Belova.\n\nhttps://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-sergei-ivanovich-kobylash-and\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 395.651, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-icc-warrants-shoigu-gerasimov", "name": "ICC issues warrants for Shoigu and Gerasimov", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2024-06-24", "Event kind": "Investigation", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Following the first two sets of warrants, the ICC prosecutor applied for warrants against Russia's then defence minister Sergei Shoigu and chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov over the strikes on Ukrainian electrical infrastructure. The court's judges issued the warrants on 24 June 2024 (the ICC announced them on 25 June). The decision made Russia's top military leadership subject to arrest in the ICC member states. Russia rejects the court's jurisdiction and did not respond to the warrants with any change of policy.\n\nhttps://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-sergei-kuzhugetovich-shoigu-and\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 411.11, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-pow-swap-1000-for-1000", "name": "Largest prisoner exchange of the war, 1,000 for 1,000", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2025-05-23", "Event kind": "Exchange", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Direct Russia-Ukraine talks in Istanbul on 16 May 2025 produced one concrete result: an agreement to swap 1,000 prisoners each. Ukraine's defence minister Rustem Umerov and Russian delegation head Vladimir Medinsky both confirmed it. The exchange was carried out in stages from 23 to 25 May 2025, with the final day swapping 303 more detainees each, according to the Russian Defence Ministry. It was the largest single exchange of the war to that date, and a rare area of cooperation while the talks failed to produce a ceasefire. Earlier and later swaps were mediated mainly by the United Arab Emirates.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/news/2025/05/16/russia-and-ukraine-announce-1-000-for-1-000-prisoner-swap-after-istanbul-talks\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/amp/video/newsfeed/2025/5/16/ukraine-russia-agree-to-mass-pow-swap", "size": 4.49, "position": { "x": 462.068, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ev-special-tribunal-lviv", "name": "European ministers approve the special tribunal in Lviv", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2025-05-09", "Event kind": "Talks", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "Because the ICC has no jurisdiction over the decision to invade (Russia is not a party and the crime of aggression is restricted), Ukraine and its partners pushed for a separate tribunal from 2022. On 9 May 2025 foreign ministers and representatives of 35 states and the Council of Europe met in Lviv and approved moving ahead with a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine, to operate under the Council of Europe. A coalition statement welcomed the completion of the technical work on the legal documents and invited more states to join. The next formal step was a Committee of Ministers meeting in Luxembourg on 13-14 May 2025, and the agreement establishing the tribunal was signed on 25 June 2025.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/coalition-approves-special-tribunal-to-prosecute-russias-aggression-against-ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_the_Crime_of_Aggression_against_Ukraine", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 471.646, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ag-special-tribunal-agreement", "name": "Agreement establishing the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2025-06-25", "Agreement kind": "Security agreement", "Status": "Signed not in force", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "Ukraine and the Council of Europe negotiated a treaty to create a court able to try the leaders responsible for the invasion, filling the gap left by the ICC's limited jurisdiction over aggression. On 25 June 2025 Ukraine and the Council of Europe signed the agreement in Strasbourg, with the tribunal's statute annexed. The tribunal, with a seat in The Hague, is meant to prosecute the top political and military leadership; an enlarged partial agreement among supporting states followed, and by 15 May 2026, 36 countries and the EU had joined. As of March 2026 the tribunal had not yet been established, and Ukraine expected it to be operational in 2027.\n\nhttps://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/ukraine-and-the-council-of-europe-sign-agreement-on-establishing-a-special-tribunal-for-the-crime-of-aggression-against-ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_the_Crime_of_Aggression_against_Ukraine", "size": [5.57, 3.48], "position": { "x": 479.105, "y": -217.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-ag-istanbul-pow-exchange-2025", "name": "Istanbul agreement on a 1,000-for-1,000 prisoner exchange", "type": "Agreement", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2025-05-16", "Agreement kind": "Exchange agreement", "Status": "Lapsed", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 45 }, "description": "The first direct Russia-Ukraine talks in three years, held in Istanbul on 16 May 2025, ended without a ceasefire but with an agreement to exchange 1,000 prisoners of war and detainees each. Ukrainian defence minister Rustem Umerov said the date was set but not public and that the ceasefire modalities were discussed; Russian delegation head Vladimir Medinsky confirmed that the swap would take place in the coming days. The agreement was carried out between 23 and 25 May 2025 and was the only tangible outcome of that round, which also considered a possible meeting of the two presidents.\n\nhttps://meduza.io/en/news/2025/05/16/russia-and-ukraine-announce-1-000-for-1-000-prisoner-swap-after-istanbul-talks\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/amp/video/newsfeed/2025/5/16/ukraine-russia-agree-to-mass-pow-swap", "size": [5.57, 3.48], "position": { "x": 479.581, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-st-ohchr-killed-2023-06", "name": "Civilians killed since the invasion, 30 June 2023", "type": "Statistic", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-06-30", "Indicator": "Civilians killed", "Value": 9177, "Unit": "people", "Impact score": 40 }, "description": "The UN human rights monitoring mission (HRMMU) of OHCHR verifies each civilian casualty individually, so its totals are minimums and the office says real figures are considerably higher. In its 500-day update, covering 24 February 2022 to 30 June 2023, it recorded 25,170 civilian casualties in 1,504 settlements, of which 9,177 were killed and 15,993 injured. The figure marks the cumulative toll after the first sixteen months, including the sieges of Mariupol and the Donbas battles of 2022. Later OHCHR updates passed 10,000 civilians killed in early 2024.\n\nhttps://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/238956-civilian-casualties-ukraine-24-february-2022-30-june-2023-EN\nhttps://www.ohchr.org/en/meeting-summaries/2023/07/ukraine-civilian-casualties-24-february-2022-30-june-2023", "size": 4.31, "position": { "x": 354.842, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-dq-zakharova-icc", "name": "Zakharova on the ICC decision", "type": "Direct quote", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-03-17", "Language": "English", "Source URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/17/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-russias-putin-over-ukraine-crimes" }, "description": "After the ICC issued warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova on 17 March 2023, Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said, in Russian-government wording reported by Al Jazeera: 'The decisions of the International Criminal Court have no meaning for our country, including from a legal point of view.' The statement expressed Russia's position that, as a non-party to the Rome Statute, it does not recognise the court's authority. The ICC president had said Russia's non-ratification was irrelevant because Ukraine had accepted the court's jurisdiction.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/17/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-russias-putin-over-ukraine-crimes", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 330.539, "y": -219.44, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-na-icc-putin-warrant-aljazeera", "name": "ICC issues Putin arrest warrant on Ukraine war crime allegations", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-03-17", "Publisher": "Al Jazeera", "Headline": "ICC issues Putin arrest warrant on Ukraine war crime allegations", "URL": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/17/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-russias-putin-over-ukraine-crimes", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Al Jazeera reported on 17 March 2023 on the day of the decision that the ICC had issued an arrest warrant for Putin, and one for Maria Lvova-Belova, over the alleged unlawful deportation and transfer of children from occupied Ukraine. It noted that the court cannot enforce its warrants and that Putin could be arrested if he travelled to a member state. It quoted Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova dismissing the decision, ICC president Piotr Hofmanski on Russia's non-ratification, Ukraine's prosecutor general and Zelensky welcoming it, and former US war-crimes envoy Stephen Rapp. Al Jazeera's diplomatic editor James Bays called it a serious development that could complicate diplomacy.\n\nhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/17/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-russias-putin-over-ukraine-crimes", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 331.039, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-na-izium-mass-graves-unnews", "name": "Ukraine: UN rights office set to probe 'mass graves' in newly liberated east", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2022-09-16", "Publisher": "UN News", "Headline": "Ukraine: UN rights office set to probe 'mass graves' in newly liberated east", "URL": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126801", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "UN News reported on 16 September 2022 that UN human rights monitors would investigate reports of mass graves in Izium, in Kharkiv Oblast, after the area was retaken in Ukraine's counteroffensive. A Ukrainian police officer was reported as saying more than 400 bodies were believed to be at one location. OHCHR spokesperson Liz Throssell said the key question was whether those buried had been killed or had died of natural causes because they could not get treatment, as in the Mariupol siege graves.\n\nhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126801", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 286.032, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-na-kakhovka-205th-kyivindependent", "name": "Official: Kakhovka dam was blown up by Russia's 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2023-06-06", "Publisher": "Kyiv Independent", "Headline": "Official: Kakhovka dam was blown up by Russia's 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade", "URL": "https://kyivindependent.com/official-kakhovka-dam-was-blown-up-by-russias-205th-motorized-rifle-brigade/", "Article kind": "News report", "Language": "English", "Author": "Dinara Khalilova" }, "description": "The Kyiv Independent reported on 6 June 2023, hours after the breach, that Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council had blamed Russia's 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade, which was stationed at the plant. It said about 16,000 homes in Kherson Oblast were in critical flood risk, that 885 people had been evacuated by late morning, that Ukraine's military intelligence said Russia had mined the plant twice in 2022, and that the state hydropower company called the damage impossible to repair. The attribution came from Ukrainian officials and was not independently verified in the article.\n\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/official-kakhovka-dam-was-blown-up-by-russias-205th-motorized-rifle-brigade/", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 348.29, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-na-okhmatdyt-hrw", "name": "Russia's July 8 Attack on a Children's Hospital in Ukraine", "type": "News article", "properties": { "Domain": "Humanitarian and justice", "Date": "2024-07-11", "Publisher": "Human Rights Watch", "Headline": "Russia's July 8 Attack on a Children's Hospital in Ukraine", "URL": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/11/russias-july-8-attack-childrens-hospital-ukraine", "Article kind": "Investigation", "Language": "English", "Author": "" }, "description": "Human Rights Watch published on 11 July 2024 a news release on the strikes of 8 July, which Ukrainian authorities said killed at least 42 civilians including five children and injured at least 190. It reported that the director of Okhmatdyt told the UN Security Council that the strike badly damaged intensive care, oncology and surgical wings, that ten children were injured at the hospital, and that a child evacuated from intensive care later died elsewhere. HRW's Tirana Hassan said attacks on medical facilities are war crimes and the strike should be investigated as one. The release also cited OHCHR's June 2024 totals.\n\nhttps://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/11/russias-july-8-attack-childrens-hospital-ukraine", "size": [3.2, 1.6], "position": { "x": 428.501, "y": -221.94, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-united-nations", "name": "United Nations", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "International organisation", "First appearance": "2022-03-04", "Impact score": 52 }, "description": "The United Nations and its bodies are the main source of verified information about civilian harm in the war. Its human rights office (OHCHR) runs a monitoring mission in Ukraine that publishes verified casualty counts, the Human Rights Council set up the Commission of Inquiry in March 2022, and the Secretary-General called for investigations into Bucha and Olenivka. UN News and OHCHR publications are cited throughout this record as the neutral reference for casualty totals, while the Security Council has been unable to act against Russia as a veto-holding member.\n\nhttps://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-July-2026\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine", "size": [4.27, 4.27], "position": { "x": 187.517, "y": -12, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-c-icc", "name": "International Criminal Court", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "International organisation", "First appearance": "2022-03-02", "Impact score": 60 }, "description": "The International Criminal Court in The Hague prosecutes war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Its prosecutor opened the Ukraine investigation on 2 March 2022 on the basis of Ukraine's earlier acceptance of jurisdiction and a referral by dozens of states. Its judges issued warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova (March 2023), for two commanders (March 2024) and for Shoigu and Gerasimov (June 2024). Ukraine became a member on 1 January 2025. Russia does not recognise the court, and the ICC has no jurisdiction over the decision to invade, which is why a separate special tribunal on aggression is being built.\n\nhttps://www.icc-cpi.int/ukraine\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine", "size": [4.41, 4.41], "position": { "x": 180.057, "y": -12.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-hum-c-ohchr", "name": "UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR)", "type": "Country or organisation", "properties": { "Kind": "International organisation", "First appearance": "2022-04-01", "Impact score": 55 }, "description": "The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights runs the Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, which verifies each civilian casualty and publishes monthly and annual totals. It reported 9,177 civilians killed by 30 June 2023, 2,514 killed in 2025 alone, and 437 killed in July 2026. It also documents unlawful killings in Bucha and treatment of prisoners of war, and works alongside the separate UN Commission of Inquiry. Its figures are minimums, and it says actual totals are considerably higher.\n\nhttps://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-July-2026\nhttps://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find", "size": [4.33, 4.33], "position": { "x": 220.262, "y": -17.5, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-topic", "name": "Russo-Ukrainian War", "type": "Topic", "properties": { "Start date": "2014-02-20", "As of": "2026-10-18" }, "description": "The Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014, when Russian forces seized Crimea after the Euromaidan protests drove President Viktor Yanukovych from Kyiv, and Russia backed an armed uprising in the Donbas. Eight years of war in the east, frozen but never ended by the Minsk agreements, were followed by a Russian troop build-up in 2021, months of public US and British intelligence warnings, and Russia's full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022.\n\nThe invasion failed to take Kyiv. Ukraine's counteroffensives in Kharkiv and Kherson in autumn 2022 retook large areas, Russia answered with partial mobilisation, the annexation of four regions and a strike campaign against the power grid, and the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive stalled against minefields and drones. From 2024 the war became one of attrition: Russia advanced slowly through Avdiivka, Pokrovsk and the Donbas fortress belt, Ukraine struck deep into Russia with its own drones and missiles, and the front line turned into a drone kill zone.\n\nAround the battlefield the war reshaped the world. Western sanctions froze Russia's central bank reserves and cut its banks from SWIFT, Europe ended most of its dependence on Russian gas, NATO took in Finland and Sweden, and Ukraine's backers sent weapons and money on a scale not seen since the Cold War, while millions of Ukrainians fled abroad. After January 2025 the United States under Donald Trump pressed both sides toward a settlement, through the Alaska summit, a US peace plan and trilateral talks, but as of October 2026 no ceasefire was in place and fighting continued along a front running from Kharkiv to Zaporizhzhia.\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine", "size": [8, 8], "position": { "x": 5, "y": -130.255, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "uw-ev-us-israeli-war-on-iran", "name": "US-Israeli war on Iran begins", "type": "Event", "properties": { "Domain": "Diplomacy and politics", "Date": "2026-02-28", "Event kind": "Attack", "Turning point": false, "Impact score": 75 }, "description": "In late February 2026 the United States and Israel went to war with Iran, a conflict that closed the Strait of Hormuz to most shipping and cut roughly a fifth of the world's oil supply, according to Fortune. The war was fought far from Ukraine, but it reached the Russo-Ukrainian war through two channels.\n\nThe first was money. Crude prices rose sharply in March, Russia's Urals blend climbed from about 57 dollars a barrel to nearly 100, and Washington let buyers take Russian oil already at sea, which raised Moscow's export income after years of sanctions pressure. The second was attention. Ukrainska Pravda reported that the US-mediated trilateral talks with Ukraine and Russia effectively stalled once the war on Iran began, and Al Jazeera later wrote that US peace efforts had been paused after Washington launched its war on Iran. At the NATO summit in Ankara in July 2026 the Kyiv Independent noted a rift between Trump and allies who refused to back the war.\n\nhttps://fortune.com/2026/03/23/vladimir-putin-iran-war-oil-prices-donald-trump-middle-east-oil-crisis-hormuz-strait\nhttps://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/05/22/8035997/\nhttps://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-lands-in-turkey-for-nato-summit/", "size": 5.38, "position": { "x": 560.065, "y": -75.81, "z": 0 } }, { "ID": "kl-lane-phases", "name": "Phases", "type": "the grid", "properties": {}, "size": [14, 3], "position": { "x": 16.5, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "kl-lane-r-phases", "name": "Phases", "type": "the grid", "properties": {}, "size": [14, 3], "position": { "x": 602.136, "y": -4, "z": 0 }, "features": { "resizeTextToFit": true } }, { "ID": "kl-lane-people-and-organisations", "name": "People and organisations", "type": "the grid", "properties": {}, "size": [14, 22.2], "position": { "x": 16.5, "y": -17.6, 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"Sourced", "Reason": "flows cut to 40 percent then stopped entirely" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-cut-40", "node2": "uw-c-gazprom", "name1": "carries out", "name2": "is carried out by", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "responsibility", "Link kind": "participation", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "Gazprom cut deliveries" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-cut-40", "node2": "uw-l-nord-stream-pipelines", "name1": "is the site of", "name2": "takes place in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "location", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "flows through Nord Stream 1" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-halt", "node2": "uw-l-nord-stream-pipelines", "name1": "is the site of", "name2": "takes place in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "location", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "flows through Nord Stream 1 stopped" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-halt", "node2": "uw-eco-st-russian-gas-share-eu-2025", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: loss of the Baltic route cut Russian gas supply" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-repowereu", "node2": "uw-eco-st-russian-gas-share-eu-2025", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Russia's share of EU gas imports fell from 45 to 12 percent" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-gas-transit-end", "node2": "uw-eco-st-russian-gas-share-eu-2025", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: end of transit removed a pipeline route" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-repowereu", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-gas-phase-out-proposal", 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"Link kind": "participation", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "G7 finance ministers agreed the cap on 2 September 2022" } }, { "node1": "uw-c-united-states", "node2": "uw-c-g7", "name1": "has member", "name2": "is a member of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "membership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "G7 member" } }, { "node1": "uw-c-united-kingdom", "node2": "uw-c-g7", "name1": "has member", "name2": "is a member of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "membership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "G7 member" } }, { "node1": "uw-c-germany", "node2": "uw-c-g7", "name1": "has member", "name2": "is a member of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "membership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "G7 member" } }, { "node1": "uw-c-france", "node2": "uw-c-g7", "name1": "has member", "name2": "is a member of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "membership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "G7 member" } }, { "node1": "uw-c-hungary", "node2": "uw-c-european-union", "name1": "has member", "name2": "is a member of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "membership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "EU member state" } }, { "node1": "uw-p-viktor-orban", "node2": "uw-c-hungary", "name1": "is led by", "name2": "leads", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "responsibility", "Link kind": "leadership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "Prime Minister 2010-2026" } }, { "node1": "uw-p-ursula-von-der-leyen", "node2": "uw-c-european-union", "name1": "is led by", "name2": "leads", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "responsibility", "Link kind": "leadership", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "President of the European Commission" } }, { "node1": "uw-p-rafael-grossi", "node2": "uw-c-iaea", "name1": "is led by", "name2": "leads", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "responsibility", "Link kind": "leadership", "Evidence": 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"responsibility", "Link kind": "participation", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "Biden's order of 8 March 2022" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-ofac-rosneft-lukoil", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-us-russian-oil-waiver", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: oil shock of 2026 led Washington to ease pressure on Russian barrels" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-19", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "name1": "is escalated from", "name2": "escalates to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "sequence", "Link kind": "escalation", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "next numbered EU package" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-21", "name1": "is escalated from", "name2": "escalates to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "sequence", "Link kind": "escalation", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "next numbered EU package" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-19", "node2": "uw-eco-st-ttf-2026-09", "name1": "is driven up by", "name2": "drives up", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "coming LNG ban cited as a price risk" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-gas-phase-out-proposal", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-19", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "phase-out plan targeted Russian LNG by end of 2027" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-druzhba-drone-strike", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Hungary and Slovakia held up the package until oil flowed again" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-druzhba-drone-strike", "node2": "uw-c-hungary", "name1": "is subject to", "name2": "applies to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "configuration", "Link kind": "supply", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "pipeline supplies Hungary" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-sanctions-evasion", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "first anti-circumvention listing against a third country" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-sanctions-evasion", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-21", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "51 anti-circumvention entities added" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-shadow-fleet", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-21", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "41 vessels added to the list" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-21", "node2": "uw-a-oil-price-cap", "name1": "is subject to", "name2": "applies to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "configuration", "Link kind": "sanction target", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "price cap adjustment suspended to July 2027" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-20", "node2": "uw-a-oil-price-cap", "name1": "is subject to", "name2": "applies to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "configuration", "Link kind": "sanction target", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "maritime services ban agreed in principle would end the cap" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-oil-price-cap", "node2": "uw-k-shadow-fleet", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "trade moved onto ships 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"causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "higher price lifted revenue" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-st-key-rate-2022", "node2": "uw-k-russian-war-economy", "name1": "includes", "name2": "is part of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "trend", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "first financial-system response to sanctions" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-cooling-lost", "node2": "uw-l-zaporizhzhia-npp", "name1": "is the site of", "name2": "takes place in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "composition", "Link kind": "location", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "plant lost its reservoir" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-kakhovka-dam", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-znpp-cooling-lost", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "reservoir drained when the dam was destroyed" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-znpp-occupation", 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"properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "burial sites were found after the city was retaken" } }, { "node1": "uw-f22-ev-zaluzhnyi-stalemate-interview", "node2": "uw-f24-ev-zaluzhnyi-dismissed", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the public stalemate assessment strained relations with the President's Office" } }, { "node1": "uw-arm-ev-starlink-whitelist", "node2": "uw-f24-op-counteroffensives-2026", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the block on Russian Starlink use disrupted Russian front-line communications before the counteroffensives" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-ev-f16-pledges", "node2": "uw-arm-ev-f16-first-combat", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Danish and Dutch jets pledged in August 2023 flew their first combat missions in August 2024" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-pd-atacms-inside-russia", "node2": "uw-arm-ev-atacms-strikes-russia", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the permission of 17 November allowed the first strike two days later" } }, { "node1": "uw-arm-op-black-sea-naval-campaign", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-ukraine-corridor-first-ship", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "attacks on the fleet let Ukraine run its own corridor from Odesa" } }, { "node1": "uw-ev-us-israeli-war-on-iran", "node2": "uw-dip-ev-trilateral-talks-stall", "name1": "is triggered by", "name2": "triggers", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Ukrainska Pravda says the trilateral talks stalled after the US-Israeli war on Iran began" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-istanbul-direct-talks-2025", "node2": "uw-hum-ag-istanbul-pow-exchange-2025", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the Istanbul talks produced the 1,000-for-1,000 exchange agreement" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-druzhba-drone-strike", "node2": "uw-aid-ev-hungary-vetoes-loan", "name1": "is triggered by", "name2": "triggers", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Hungary tied its veto to the Druzhba outage" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-grid-strikes", "node2": "uw-aid-ev-ramstein-dec-2025", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: winter grid strikes raised the call for air defence and energy equipment pledged at Ramstein" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-frozen-russian-assets", "node2": "uw-aid-ev-european-council-90bn", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the debate on using frozen assets ended with the 90 billion euro loan and a shelved reparations loan" } }, { "node1": "uw-p-ursula-von-der-leyen", "node2": "uw-aid-ap-eu-support-loan-90bn", "name1": "is pledged by", "name2": "pledges", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "responsibility", "Link kind": "participation", "Evidence": "", "Reason": "the Commission President presented the loan" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-budapest-summit-cancelled", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-ofac-rosneft-lukoil", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil followed the shelving of the Budapest summit" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-istanbul-direct-talks-2025", "node2": "uw-hum-ev-pow-swap-1000-for-1000", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the swap was agreed at the Istanbul talks" } }, { "node1": "uw-bg-ev-donbas-buildings-seized", "node2": "uw-bg-op-ato", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Kyiv launched the Anti-Terrorist Operation against the armed takeovers" } }, { "node1": "uw-int-ia-us-dec-2021-offensive", "node2": "uw-bg-ev-biden-putin-video-call", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the estimate preceded Biden's warning to Putin in the video call" } }, { "node1": "uw-int-ia-uk-murayev-claim", "node2": "uw-a-battle-of-kyiv", "name1": "is warned of in", "name2": "warns of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "information", "Link kind": "warning", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: London said Moscow planned to install a friendly leader in Kyiv" } }, { "node1": "uw-int-ia-blinken-un-false-flag", "node2": "uw-a-recognition-dpr-lpr", "name1": "is warned of in", "name2": "warns of", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "information", "Link kind": "warning", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Blinken said Russia would manufacture a pretext in the Donbas" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-us-warns-allies", "node2": "uw-k-declassification-strategy", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: sharing the warnings led to the public release of intelligence" } }, { "node1": "uw-bg-ev-us-nato-replies", "node2": "uw-a-recognition-dpr-lpr", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Moscow rejected the written replies and moved to recognise the republics" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-battle-of-kyiv", "node2": "uw-int-ia-house-hearing-russia-misjudged", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: US officials told Congress Russia had misjudged Ukraine's resistance" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-battle-of-kyiv", "node2": "uw-int-ev-fsb-fifth-service-reports", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: reports blamed FSB analysts for the failed plan to take Kyiv" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-invasion", "node2": "uw-aid-ev-zeitenwende-speech", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Scholz said the invasion marked a watershed for Germany" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-invasion", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-repowereu", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the EU plan to end dependence on Russian gas answered the invasion" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-invasion", "node2": "uw-k-russian-war-economy", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Russia's economy was turned toward the war after the invasion" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-frozen-russian-assets", "node2": "uw-a-g7-era-loan", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the G7 loans are repaid from the proceeds of the frozen assets" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-eu-oil-embargo", "node2": "uw-k-shadow-fleet", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the embargo pushed Russian crude onto older uninsured tankers" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-sanctions-evasion", "node2": "uw-eco-pd-eu-sanctions-package-19", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the EU package targeted evasion through third countries" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-gazprom-cuts-poland-bulgaria", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-nord-stream-1-cut-40", "name1": "is escalated from", "name2": "escalates to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "sequence", "Link kind": "escalation", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Russia moved from cutting single buyers to cutting the main pipeline" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-crimean-bridge-explosion", "node2": "uw-a-grid-strike-campaign-2022", "name1": "is triggered by", "name2": "triggers", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Putin called the 10 October missile strikes retaliation for the bridge attack" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-grid-strike-campaign-2022", "node2": "uw-w-nasams", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Western air defence was rushed to Ukraine after the grid strikes began" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-kharkiv-counteroffensive", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-kharkiv-tec5-strike", "name1": "is triggered by", "name2": "triggers", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Russia struck the Kharkiv power plant days after its rout" } }, { "node1": "uw-arm-op-shahed-campaign", "node2": "uw-arm-k-mobile-fire-groups", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "Ukraine formed mobile gun teams to shoot down the drones" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-trypillia-destroyed", "node2": "uw-aid-ap-us-6bn-usai-apr-2024", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Kyiv pleaded for Patriot missiles after losing power plants" } }, { "node1": "uw-ev-us-israeli-war-on-iran", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-iran-war-oil-spike", "name1": "is triggered by", "name2": "triggers", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the war closed the Strait of Hormuz and sent oil prices up" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-us-russian-oil-waiver", "node2": "uw-eco-st-oil-export-revenue-2026-09", "name1": "is driven up by", "name2": "drives up", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the waiver let Russia sell more oil at high prices" } }, { "node1": "uw-ev-us-israeli-war-on-iran", "node2": "uw-dip-ev-rubio-talks-on-hold", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Rubio said trilateral talks had stalled since the war on Iran began" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-deep-strike", "node2": "uw-eco-st-refinery-runs-2026-06", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: drone strikes took refining capacity offline" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-ap-us-supplemental-may-2022", "node2": "uw-a-first-himars-use", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the May supplemental funded the first HIMARS drawdowns" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-first-himars-use", "node2": "uw-a-kharkiv-counteroffensive", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: HIMARS strikes on depots weakened Russian lines before the counteroffensive" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-annexation-four-regions", "node2": "uw-dip-ev-un-ga-rejects-annexation", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the General Assembly rejected the annexation" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-kherson-withdrawal", "node2": "uw-ph-06", "name1": "is closed by", "name2": "closes", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "phase boundary", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the withdrawal ended the autumn counteroffensives" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-ap-us-stryker-bradley-jan-2023", "node2": "uw-a-counteroffensive-2023", "name1": "is made 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"prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the loss raised pressure on Congress to pass the aid bill" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-fall-of-avdiivka", "node2": "uw-a-battle-of-pokrovsk", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Russia pushed west from Avdiivka toward Pokrovsk" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-kharkiv-offensive-2024", "node2": "uw-aid-pd-germany-allows-strikes", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Germany allowed strikes over the border after the offensive" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-pd-us-allows-kharkiv-strikes", "node2": "uw-aid-pd-atacms-inside-russia", "name1": "is escalated from", "name2": "escalates to", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "sequence", "Link kind": "escalation", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the limited permission widened to ATACMS strikes inside Russia" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-mar-a-lago-meeting", "node2": "uw-dip-ev-abu-dhabi-round-one", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the meeting prepared the first trilateral round" } }, { "node1": "uw-arm-ev-bsf-hq-strike", "node2": "uw-arm-ev-bsf-leaves-sevastopol", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: strikes on Sevastopol drove the fleet out" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-ev-odesa-ports-strikes", "node2": "uw-eco-ev-ukraine-corridor-first-ship", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "response", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Ukraine opened its own corridor after the attacks" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-nato-vilnius-summit", "node2": "uw-a-sweden-joins-nato", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Turkey agreed at Vilnius to forward Sweden's bid" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-ramstein-first-meeting", "node2": "uw-aid-ap-us-supplemental-may-2022", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the coalition's needs were funded by the May supplemental" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-mariupol-theatre", "node2": "uw-hum-st-ohchr-killed-2023-06", "name1": "is driven up by", "name2": "drives up", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the theatre strike was among the deadliest attacks on civilians" } }, { "node1": "uw-k-drone-kill-zone", "node2": "uw-a-battle-of-pokrovsk", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: Russian infantry infiltrated in small groups through the drone-watched ground" } }, { "node1": "uw-aid-pd-us-approves-f16s", "node2": "uw-arm-ev-f16-first-combat", "name1": "is made possible by", "name2": "makes possible", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "enablement", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: US approval let allies send their F-16s" } }, { "node1": "uw-dip-ev-london-summit-2025", "node2": "uw-dip-ag-paris-declaration", "name1": "results from", "name2": "results in", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "cause and consequence", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: the coalition launched in London signed the Paris Declaration" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-pd-ofac-rosneft-lukoil", "node2": "uw-eco-st-oil-gas-revenue-2026", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Inferred", "Reason": "Inferred: sanctions on the two largest exporters cut oil and gas revenue" } }, { "node1": "uw-a-oil-price-cap", "node2": "uw-eco-st-oil-gas-revenue-2026", "name1": "is driven down by", "name2": "drives down", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": "causation", "Link kind": "market effect", "Evidence": "Sourced", "Reason": "the cap and discounts lowered Russian oil revenue" } }, { "node1": "uw-eco-st-ukraine-gdp-2022", "node2": "uw-aid-ap-ukraine-facility", "name1": "responds to", "name2": "prompts", "direction": 1, "properties": { "Relation": 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